History of War Resources

General Resources World & US History Resources (internal) Reader's Companion Database • US Wars • US Mil History Topics • American History American History Lecture Portal (C-SPAN) • Listing w/ Links to Lecture/Video Digital History **** Talking Proud (vignettes of military history) Modern History Sourcebook (primary docs) Dictionaries of Military Science Mil History Encyclopedia on the Web (Rickard) • Military History Portal (Olive-Drab) • Military History Online ** • Air War College Gateway • Mil History • Index • Air University Library • Research Guides • Canadian Forces C&S College (cached) • eHistory.com • Archive (c 2008) • Images & Maps • Weapons & Warfare (all periods) • History of Warfare (KLMA) • About.com • Oxford Military History Companion • All World Wars (artices & photos) • OnWar.com • Warfare History Network • WW II The Millitary & War in America (SHSU, readings) • Infoplease (C³) • Oxford US Military History Companion America At War (Smithsonian portal, all US Wars) • WW I • WW II • Korea • Cold War • Vietnam America at War (timetables, all wars) Harmon Memorial Lectures (military history) General History Resources (internal link) Air War College Resources • General History • Military History • Lessons Learned • Military Theory • Air University Bibliographies Military History Encyclopedia on the Web • Index • Wars, Campaigns, Treaties • Battles • Weapons • Timeline Educypedia: History • Warfare • WW I • WW II • Post-WWII Mil Ops Summaries (Global Security) Army Cntr of Military History (internal) Army C&GSC MMAS Theses US Campaigns & Streamers: Army • Navy • Air Force • Summary American Military History (book) American Military History (cached) Online American History (textbook) Wars & Conflicts of the US (cached) US War Statistics (casualties) • Detailed • US War Casualties: (DoD S- pdf) • VA • Analysis of US War Casualties (thru 1930) US Orders of Battle - 1918-2002 Military History Online Military History (CFCSC: topic, period, war) The War Times Journal ** Military Affairs (journal) Battlefield Anomalies History Central: America's Wars History Central: World History eHistory • Online books The World at War (portal) Historical Articles (Wargamer-extensive) EyeWitness to History (Narratives) • Chronological Index Education World - History 20th Century Wars Links OnWar.com Naval, Aviation & Military History List of Battles • Naval Battles 15 Decisive Battles of the World (Creasy) • e-book (Creasy, 1851) • alt • doc • Creasy revisited (c 1988) Turning Points in History (21 battles) Top 10 Battles in History Decisive Battles Leaders & Battles Database Weapons & Warfare (Probert Encyclopedia) Order of Battle Portal • U.S. OB's (1917-2002) Total Wars in History (examples) Battlefield Staff Rides (NA & Europe) The Price of Freedom: Americans At War • Contents War in the 17th Century War in the 18th Century Wars of the 19th Century • 19th Century Armies (Calvert) • Timeline of 19th Century Warfare (cached) Wars of the 20th Century • More • Essays & Analysis on Modern War **** • Talking Proud: Personal Essays on 20th C Warfare The World At War (Current Wars) Research Resources National Archives (NARA) • NARA Databases National Digital Library (LOC) • Online Collections National Security Archive (Geo Washington Univ) Summary of USAF History Research Sources • Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA) • AFHRA Data Base • AFHRA Numbered Historical Studies • Fact Sheets • Guide to Air Force Historical Literature (1943-1983) x• Contents • By title USMA Department of History • Maps & Atlases Guide to the Study and Use of Military History Defense Technical Information Ctr (DTIC) • Formats AWC Military History Links Combat Studies Institute • Search US Army C&GSC Papers Leavenworth Papers Military History (NPS resources) • WW II • Vietnam War Historical Articles (Wargamer Mag) The Classics Archive Life Magazine Covers Universal Library (CMU) Artchive Web Gallery of Art Air History Videos Imperial War Museum Photos • DB Photo Sources/Archives Historical Picture Collections Military Info/Pubs Links Military Images (NDU) GlobalSecurity: Military Operations Military History Web Ring Hub Military Book Reviews Spartacus Resources Library of Congress Oral Histories Veterans History Project Military History Reading List Mil History Readings (Army C&GSC) Paperless Archive (documents, fee) Alpelphi Papers (IISS) • doc Miscellaneous Topics Medal of Honor War Correspondents • WW II • Ernie Pyle • More • Female Journalists of WW II Era • Marie Colvin • Margaret Bourke-White • Christiane Amanpour • Vietnam Reporting • Bernard Fall • Walter Cronkite • How the Associated Press Has Covered War ... History of US Special Ops U.S. Veteran Statistics Women In War Evolution of the US Uniform What is Khaki? Glossaries Military Appreviations Military Jargon Jane's Glossary Operational Code Names Return to Top	Online Books Internet Archive Books • Project Gutenberg • Scribd • Historical Texts • FullBooks.com • UPenn On-Line Books => Military History e-History (Ohio State U) Books-On-Line (by subject) • USAF Pubs • Civil War • Military Science • Infantry • Air Warfare • Naval Forces Bartleby E-books: (Nonfiction) • Reference • Columbia Encyclopedia • Encyclopedia of World History (2001) A Short History of War • Index • Images Oxford History of Modern War (pdf) War, Peace & Intern'l Relations (Gray) Reader's Companion: Military History • Reader's Companion Book Index (cached) • American History Database Index (cached) • Reader's Companion to US History (cached) Oxford Companion to Military History • Alt Oxford Companion to US Mil History • Alt Oxford Companion to World War II National Security Archive Briefing Books Mil History of the Western World (Fuller) Guide to Nat Security Policy & Strategy Orchestrating the Instruments of Power eHistory (e-books) American History Texts (internal link) Makers of Modern Strategy (e-book) Encyclopedia of Marxism Joint Publications Library (JCS) Jt Military Ops History (JCS, pdf) • Alt U.S. Department of Defense Publications USMC Doctrine Publications US Armed Forces Manuals Defense Technical Information Ctr (DTIC) • Formats NDU Press • Books (cached) • Joint Forces Quarterly (JFQ) • McNair Papers • Strategic Forum (e-books) USAF Historical Studies Office Pubs • By Title • By Author • Pubs w/ annotations, by title • by author • Popular Topics in Air Force History • More • Significant Operations • More • Topics of Interest Harmon Memorial Lectures Air University Press (books) • e-books • Fairchild papers • CADRE Papers • Air & Space Power Journal (plus earlier renditions) Airpower History Magazine (archives) U.S. Army Heritage & Education Center U.S. Army Center for Military History • CMH Publications by Title • Books Online • Monographs • Research • Publications • By Title • WW II • More American Military History, Vol I (CMH, 2005) • Vol. II, 1917-2003 • American Military History (CMH, 1989) Army History Magazine • Index Army C&GSC MMAS Theses The Staff Ride (US Army CMH) • Staff Rides Combined Arms Research Library (lessons learned) Combat Studies Institute US Navy History Pubs • Index • By War USMC Historical Publications • Search • US Marine Corps in World War II (HyperWar series) • USMC Publications, 1920-2005 All Hands Magazine (archive, 1020's on) RAND Publications: National Security • By Topic • International Affairs Historion.net • On the Trail of Grant & Lee Europe In Retrospect (19th & 20th c, e-book) British War Bluebook History of Warfare (Keegan interview) The Art of War, Sun Tzu (text) On War, Clausewitz (text) • Alt • Analysis of translations • Clausewitz Condensed Online Journals & Magazines History Magazines (links) Military Magazines (links) Military History Magazines (links) Military History Magazines (indexes) Air Univ Index to Military Periodicals Military Journals Joint Pubs Military-related Libraries Columbia Intrn'l Affairs Online (CIAO) Military Journal Links Military.com Strategic & International Affairs Journals (portal) AccessMyLibrary (magazine articles) Air Force Journal of Logistics • Alt Air Force Magazine Archives • Special Collections • In More Depth (articles by topic) • Keeper File Archive • Airpower Classics Airman Magazine • Operational Topics Air Power History (archive) • More AU Index to Military Periodicals (slow) • Air & Space Power Journal and AU Review (archives) • Chronicles Online Journal (1998-2009) Air & Space Magazine (archive) • Photos & Video • Military Aviation All Hands (US Navy) America In WW II (home front articles) America's Civil War • Archive American Diplomacy American Heritage Magazine • Archive • Articles on War • More The American Interest (archive) Armed Forces Journal International Army magazine Army Aviation Digest Army History magazine Army Logistician (archive) The Atlantic • Flashbacks • Archive Aviation History Magazine Civil War Times • Archive Civil War History Magazine Coast Artillery Journal (1922-1948) Cultural Resource Management Magazine (NPS) Early American Review • Archive Field Artillery Magazine Flight Journal • Archive Foreign Affairs magazine Foreign Policy magazine • Archive • National Security blog Headquarters Gazette (Society for Military History) Historian Magazine (title index) Infantry Bugler (archive) Inter'l Journal of Naval History Joint Forces Quarterly (JFQ) Journal of Conflict Resolution Journal of Military History • Archive • JSTOR Archive Journal of Strategic Studies (issues list) Legion Magazine (Canadian military) Marine Corps Gazette Military Affairs (journal) • Journal of the Am Mil Institute (JSTOR) • Journal of the Am Mil History Fndtn (JSTOR) Military History Magazine • Archives MHQ (Military History Quarterly) • Archives Miliary Officer (archives) Military Review (C&GSC) • Archive • Alt • All Combined Arms Ctr Pubs Mission: History (Naval Order of the US) National Defense Magazine Naval Aviation News • WW II articles Naval Institute Magazines • Proceedings • Archive • Naval History Magazine Naval War College Review (archive) • Alt Navy Supply Corps Newsletter The New Republic (archives) Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs Parameters (Army War College) • Index Policy Review (Hoover Institute) Popular Science magazine (1870s-current) Prologue (National Archive magazine) Quartermaster Professional Bulletin • Archive Small Wars Journal • Archive Strategic Insights Magazine (Navy PGS) Strategic Studies Institute (Army War College pubs) Strategic Studies Quarterly (Air University) Studies in Intelligence (CIA) Undersea Warfare Magazine Vietnam Magazine • Archive War in History (journal) • Archive War Times Journal Portal The Washington Quarterly World War II Magazine • Archive • Issues H-Net (essays, reviews) • Reviews Books & Reviews Military History Book Catalog Military History Books (descriptions) Military Book Reviews Parameters Book Reviews Return to Top	Map & Geography Resources Map Portal Army Combat Studies Institute Maps World Factbook (CIA) • Country Background Studies Vox Maps (graphics that explain our world) • 40 Maps That Explain Europe • 70 Maps That Explain America • 40 Maps That Explain The Middle East • More • 40 Maps That Explain WW I • 42 Maps That Explain WW II • 38 Maps That Explain Global Economics World Historical Atlas Old Maps Online • More Animated History Maps * * * * • Revolutionary War • Civil War • WW II Europe • WW II Pacific Animated American History Maps University of Texas Map Collection • Historical Maps • Military History • By Country • Battlefields & Historic Sites (NPS) • Alt Map of the Week Maps.com HRW World Atlas Online World Statesman.org (geography, history, flags) Centennia Online History Atlas World History Encyclopedia (maps) US History Maps (Allyn&Bacon/Longman)**** Mil History Maps (Library of Congress) Eurpean History Maps (Temple Univ - excellent!) Military History Maps Historic Maps & Images (e-History) Historical Atlas of Europe Antique Maps Naval Postgraduate School Maps • Military Maps NOAA Historical Maps World Historical Atlas [WHKMLA] • Europe 1815-2002 • France • Prussia • Germany 1812-Today • Italy • Vietnam 1470-1975 • Indochina Historical Atlas, 20th Century Historic Maps - B&W National Defense University Map Resources US Naval History Maps (cached) Library of Congress Maps Online Battle Maps: WW I, WW II & Falklands WW II Map Resources (U Texas) • WW II: Europe (USMA) • WW II: Asia/Pacific (USMA) Vietnam War Maps (1:50K) • USGS L7014 1:50K Map Index Graphic • Vietnam War (USMA) CIAO Atlas (outline maps: slow but good) Military Geography for Professionals ... • Alt Map Symbol System (FM 101-5-1, detailed) • Combat Arms Basic Map Symbols • Alt • Alt WW I Map Symbols Map Symbol Fonts (PC) • More • Equipment Fonts Blank World Maps (different periods) Flags of the World Timelines History Timelines (World History Project) Timelines of Wars • Middle Eastern Wars • European Wars Timelines (e-History) Themed Timelines (Wikipedia) • More List of Human Time Periods Conflict & War Timelines (interactive) • More Timeline of Major Wars in History Mil History Timeline (1800-2000 - OnWar.com) • National Military History: A-D • E-K • L-R • S-Z • France • Germany • Great Britain (UK) • USA Timelines of American Wars (detailed) • Another US Military Timeline (interactive) Mil History Timeline (300 BC- 1999 AD) List of Wars (Wikipedia) • Pike & Shot Era (to 1801) • Age of Rifles (19th century) • World War Era (20th century) Military History Timeline (Rickard) Chronology of Military Events WarData.net US Military Timeline (interactive) Presidential Timeline (Hoover to Bush 43) Early Gunpowder Weapons War Casualties Through the Ages Casualties in Major 20th C Conflicts Mortality in American Wars Dead & Wounded in US Wars • More (Congressional Research Service, pdf) Quotations & Maxims Notable Quotes (by subject & author w sources) Bartlett's Quotations Quotations By Category The Quotations Page GIGA Quotations Wikiquotes Famous-Quote.net The Lessons of History • More American Rhetoric (speeches - audio) • Top 100 Speeches • By Decade Military Quotations • More • More • War Quotations • Artillery Quotations • USMC Quotations & Lore Quotations on War • More • More • More • More • More • More • More • Bellum site • More (by author) • More • More • More • More • Antiwar.com Words on War: Military Quotations (Google book) War & Peace Quotes • More • More Quotes on War, Violence & Power War: What is It Good For? (Barbara Ehrenreich) Military Maxima (bibliography) Pearls From War (humorous) • More • More • More Quotations About Marines Military Poems Quotations on Leadership Quotations on History (Famous-Quote.net) • Giga-USA.com (by topic) • More • More • More • More Quotations by Historians Quotations on the Past Psychological Warfare Quotations Quotations on War, Peace & Politics Quotations on Military Logistics Quotations on War & Urban Ops Quotations on Technology Quotations of the Founding Fathers Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia • On Unavoidable Wars • On War & Peace • More James Madison Quotations Lincoln on the real threat to America Maxims of Napoleon Military Maxims of Napoleon • Alt Napoleon: Quotations • Military Quotes • Napoleon Guide • Wikiquote Clausewitz • More • More • More Quotations of Sun Tzu • More • More • On The Art of War • More • "All Warfare Is Based On Deception" (Sun Tzu) Samurai Quotations Theodore Roosevelt • More • More • "Man in the Arena" & full speech • Alt • Context Quotations From WW II Winston Churchill (Wikiquote) • More • More • More • More • The Churchill Centre • Quotes • Churchill's Major Speeches (lifetime) • Churchill Myths • Churchill Resources (LOC) • Wartime Speeches (excerpts) • The British Bulldog (e-book, bio) • pdf • Iron Curtain Speech (5 Mar 1946) • Alt • Text, Audio, Video • Short Clip Eisenhower Quotations (Wikiquote) • More MacArthur Quotations (Wikiquote) MacArthur's Farewell (Congress, April 19, 1951) MacArthur's Farewell ( West Point, 12 May 62) • Text Sir Edmund Burke Sir Basil Henry Liddel-Hart George Santayana Theodore Roosevelt George Patton • More Adolph Hitler Neocon Quotations Opinions & Thoughts on Airpower Engineering Quotes Murphy's Laws of War Historic Documents Documents of US History American Historical Documents, 1000=1904 (Bartleby) Military History Documents World History Archives Historical Monographs (Columbia) History Documents (Army War College) Law, History & Diplomacy (Avalon Project)
The Characteristics of War Definitions:• War • Alt • Total War • Strategy • Military Science vs. Military Art History of War (Wikipedia) Military History (Wikipedia) Nature of War (Oxford Companion, US Mil History) Nature of War (von Molke the Elder) Marine Corps Doctrine Publications Warfighting (USMC, 1989 - pdf) Warfighting (MCPD 1, 1997) • pdf • Alt • The Nature of War • The Theory of War Commentary on Warfighting (2005 - pdf) Concise Theory of Combat (Military Conflict Institute) The Long-Range Analysis of War An Overview of Military Conflict The Second World Wars: WW II in Perspective Intro to Causes of War: WW I to Iraq (e-book) • Conditions Influencing Liklihood of War (JSTOR) Military Strategy & the Outbreak of War Legal Analysis of Changes in War The State and War (Libertarian view) War: Normal State or Exception? Declaration of War • More Issues on US War Delaration US Declarations of War & Authorized Use of Force • More (LOC analysis) Just War Theory Logistics and the Western Way of War Foundations of the Science of War (JFC Fuler, e-book) • pdf War Quotes • More Naming the World Wars On the Use of Force (articles, AF Mag) The Need to Define Victory Military-Industrial Complex: What Ike Said Military-Industrial Complex Myth (AF Mag) • Commentary on Ike's Speech Myth of Preemptive War (1995) Effects Based Operations (AF Mag) Beware of Boldness (Crane, 2006) • Comment USAF CADRE Essays • Characteristics of War • Three Levels of War • War: An Instrumrnt of Policy • Principles of War Instruments/Elements of Power Instruments of National Power (definition, US DoD) Elements of National Power (bibliography, NDU) • Instruments of National Power (Army War College) Orchestrating the Instruments of Power • Instruments of National Power IOP in the Long War (case study) Soft Power (2018) Diplomacy Milestones in US Diplomatic History (DoS) • Timeline Foreign Relations of the United States (series) International Relations • More (Wikipedia) Encyclopedia of Am Foreign Policy • Alt • US Naval Diplomacy Documents Related to Am Foreign Policy Foreign Policy Issue Papers (historic) US Treaties in Force Documents on Diplomacy (Avalon Project) The U.S. and Neutrality Coalitions & Alliances in US History US Foreign Relations to 1913 (Google book) US Foreign Policy Since 1897 (Google book) US Approach to Foreign Affairs (Whitcomb - e-book) Monroe Doctrine (1823) Treaty of Kanagawa (Japan, 1854) • Background • More • More American Foreign Policy Since WW II Information US Int'l Information Policy (NDSD 130, 6 Mar 1984) Information As An Element of Power (ICAF paper) Information as Power (portal) Information/Ideology in War on Terror What is Propaganda? • More • History Propaganda in War (internal link) US Strategic Communication • Definitions US Nat Strategy: Public Diplomacy & Strat Comm DoD Drops "Strategic Communication" Term (Dec 12) US Public Diplomacy & Strat Comm After 9/11 Information Warfare Psy Ops & Propaganda (internal) Miliary Military Power as Instrument of Policy in 21st C Comprehensive National Power (concept) • Calculation Economic Economic Element of National Power Economics: EOP or Vulnerability? (p 157) • PDF Economic Warfare Economic Wargame Economic Warfare Against Japan 1940-41 Levels of War Levels of War (Oxford Comp to US Mil History) • FM 3-0 (w/ Levels of War diagram) • Strategic Level of War (definition) • Operational Level of War (definition) • Tactical Level of War (definition) Four Levels of War (The Air Campaign-Warden) • Graphic Three Levels of War (USAF CADRE, pdf) Strategy & the Operational Level of War (pdf) • Part II (pdf) Operational Level of War (JSTOR) Large-Scale Military Operations List of Military Operatons • WW II Operations Politics of War US Code Title 10: Armed Forces • Alt US Code Title 50: War & National Defense • Alt Evolution of US Political Parties The Constitution Society • Constitutional Defense The American Presidency Project • State of the Union Messages • Wilson (December 5, 1916) • Wilson (December 4, 1917) • FDR (January 6, 1942) • Nixon on War in Vietnam (November 3, 1969) • Executive Orders Presidential Doctrines Presidential Greatness & Warmaking Presidential Character & Legacy (all 44; podcast) Ranking the Presidents • More (Schlesinger, 1997) Intelligence and the American Presidency Presidential Timeline (Hoover to Bush 43) **** Presidential Power to Go to War (Feb 07) US Presidential Speeches Foreign Policy Research Institute Articles Center for Strategic & International Studies (CISS) Top 10 Presidential Errors (2006) Editorial Cartoons in History • Introduction • War in American Editorial Cartoons Punch Political Cartoons (history) CIA Briefings of Presidential Candidates War Powers: Constitutional Roots (internal link) Presidential Uses of Military Force, 1812-2016 Use of US Armed Forces Abroad (1798-2010, CRS) Departmental Reorganization Act of 1918 War Powers Act of 1941 War Powers Resolution (1973) War Powers Resolution After Thrity Years What Happened to Declarations of War? Principles of War Principles of War (Mil History Companion) Principles of War (CADRE c 2006, pdf) Air Univeristy Resources Principles of War (Clauseweitz) Principles of War (FM 3-0) • Alt Principles of War (Hackworth) Principles of War (AWC links) Nine Principles of War (list) Flexibility: 10th Principle • pdf History of Principles of War • Alt Flexibility as the 10th US Principle Principles of War (Clausewitz) Principles of War (Japanese) • pdf Strategic Principles of War, 21st C Info-based RMA & Principles of War	Total War Total War (Oxfiord Comp to Mil History, 2nd def) • Wikipedia • Britannica • Definition • Strategy in the Age of total War Logistics and the Western Way of War Examples of Total War (149 BC - 1945 AD) Anticipating Total War: German & US Experience • Review (JSTOR) US Origins of Total War 1860-1880 (1995) The First Total War: Napoleonic Wars Total War in the US Civil War (internal link) Total War in South vs. Frontier (Grimsley) US Civil War & German Wars of Unification Was the Civil War a Total War? (Neely) • Alt Franco-Prussian War: Step Toward Total War "Total War I: The Great War" (Bourne) The Western Front & Birth of Total War (BBC) Patterns of War Since the 18th Century Power, Technology & Total War (French views) The Conduct of War, 1789-1961 (Fuller) • Review (JSTOR) • More • More • More • More The Age of Total War, 1860-1945 (e-book) Great War, Total War ... 1914-1918 (German view) A World at Total War ... 1937-1945 (German view) WW II as Total War (European Home Fronts) Lethality & Casualty Trends • Weapon Lethality & Dispersion (graphic) Road to Total War (WW II bombing) Air Power and the Logic of Mass Destruction Strategic Bombing in WW II Hiroshima and the Evolution of Total War "No Substitute For Victory" (MacArthur, 19Apr51) • Alt There IS No Substitute For Victory Why Has America Stopped Winning Wars? (2015) War: SometimesThere Is a Substitute for Victory • Did Stalemate Equal Victory? (Korea & Vietnam) Low Intensity Conflict USMC Small Wars Manual (1940) • pdf • Background "Small Wars Manual:" Analysis & Relevance • pdf Small Wars: Principles & Practice (Caldwell, 1906) • pdf • Background Why the Strong Lose (Parameters, 2005) Small Wars Journal • Archive Irregular & Unconventional War Insurgency • Counterinsurgency Counterinsurgency Portal (Air War College) Theory & Practice of Insurgency & COIN (Bernard Fall) Counterinsurgency Scorecard: 1981-2011 (RAND) • Case Studies: 1978-2008 (RAND) Fighting Insurgencies (Foreign Affairs, 2009) Is there a future for Counterinsurgency? (2007) The End of Counterinsurgency? (Startfor, Jun 12) US Interagency Counterinsurgency Initiative Guerrilla Warfare Origins of Guerrilla Doctrine (1982) US Army & Irregular Warfare (e-book) Counterinsurgency Ops (JP 3-24, Oct 09 - pdf) • Discussion (Dec 06) ; • More (w link to FM3-24) Cultural Barriers to COIN (Jeffrey Record, 2006) Role of Airpower in Counterinsurgency Airpower in French Colonial Wars • Portuguese Wars Evolution of US COIN Doctrine (Crane, 2006) • pdf Irregular Warfare Conference (Oct 06 - slides) Long Small War: Indigenous Forces for COIN COIN Warfare: Theory & Practice (Galula 1964) • Review Savage Wars of Peace (book review, 2003) Fighting a Global COIN (Donnelly & Serchuk, 2003) Patterns of Insurgency & COIN (Lynn, 2005) Best Practices in COIN (Mil Review, 2005) Principles, Imperatives & Paradoxes of COIN (Mil Review, 2006) Learning COIN: Observations From Iraq (Mil Review, 2006) Lsns From a Successful COIN (Philippines, 1899-1902) COIN in Iraq: Lessons From Philippine War Lessons from the Philippine War Managing COIN; Lessons From Malaya (Mil Review, 2007) • Alt Phase IV Ops: Where Wars Are Won (Crane, 2005) Military Writings of Mao Tse-tung • On Protracted War • Alt • Strategy in Revolutionary War Guerrilla Tactics in Vietnam Civic Action: USMC Experience in Vietnam Why Great Powers Fight Small Wars Badly Conterinsuregency in Iraq & Afghanistan (2012) Doctrine, Guerrilla Warfare & Counterinsurgency Urban Operations (JP 3-06, 2013) Block to Block: The Challenge of Urban Ops • Urban Warfare: It's History & Future FM 3-06 Urban Operations (2003) • 2006 • Case Study: Stalingrad Lessons of History Why Study War (Hansen) The Four Lessons of History Quotations: Lessons of History • Alt • More Lessons of History (Harold James) Lessons of History (Wm Urban) The Lessons of History (Michael Howard, 1982) Why Don't We Learn From History? (Liddell Hart) • The Significance of Military History How Do We Learn From History? (AHA) History as a Way of Learning Lessons Learned (video summaries, CFR) Foreign Policy Lessons From History Lessons of the Roman Empire for America British Experience in Iraq (1917) Lessons from the Thirties (JSTOR) D-Day and the Lessons of History Lessons of History for Invaders Defining the Lessons of History On History (Peter Landry) The Lessons of History (Durant & Durant) Edmund Burke on the Lessons of History Reflections on the Lessons of History Four Lessons of History (Charles A. Beard) • Alt Cultural Approach to the History of War Lessons Learned From War The Warnings of History (NY Times, 2016) History & the History of War (John Shy) • pdf Civil War: Decline of Decisive Battle • pdf Why the North Won the Civil War • More British Lessons From American Civil War Lessons froe Philippine War • More Lessons of Russo-Japanese War Lessons From WW II Lessons of the Forgotten War (Korea) North Korea & The Lessons of History Lessons From History: Vietnam & Iraq Iraq War: Will We Learn From History? Lessons Learned: Urban Combat (FM 3-06.11) Iraq, Grand Strategy & Lessons of Mil History Jt. Military Operations Historical Collection (Korea; Desert Shield & Desert Storm) Nothing Less Than Victory (Lewis, e-book) Profiles in Audacity: Great Decisions (e-book) American's Changing Self-Perceptions McNamara's 11 Basic Tenants on War McNamara's 11 Lessons from Vietnam • Fog of War (video) Never Fight A Land War In Asia (Stratfor) • Alt • Source? • MacArthur quotations • More • Viscount Bernard Montgomery • SecDef Robert Gates (Feb 2011) Center for Army Lessons Learned (pubs) • Report Index Return to Top	American Way of War History of American Wars **** U.S. Army Campaigns • Streamers Wars & Conflicts of the US Navy (list & streamers) The American Military System (CMH) • The American Army, 1775-1917 US Global Defense Posture, 1783-2011 (RAND) • Key Findings • Recommendations The Duality of the American Military Tradition History of the National Guard American Way of War (Oxford Com to Mil Hist) Foundations of the American Army (CMH) • The Question of a Peacetime Army • Civilian Control • The Militia The Army and the Nation (FM 7-21.13) American Military Experience (Shy, 1971) America's Distinctive Way of War (WSJ, 2011) Early American Way of War (Higginbotham, 1987) Early American Ways of War 1600-1815 War Making on the Frontier (1607-1814) Washington & Tradition of Civilian Control • Newburgh Conspiracy (1783) Jefferson & Hamilton on Standing Armies Jefferson on a Standing Military Jefferson & US Maritime Defense Policy Jefferson on the Need For a Navy Jefferson's Gunboat Navy Establishment of US Military Academy (1802) Constitutional Roots Constitution of the United States of America • Discussion (Wikipedia) Lincoln on the real threat to America • Full Constitution Basis: Military & War Powers • War Powers Clause • "The Law of Nations" Clause • Background War Powers Act of 1941 War Powers Resolution of 1973 • Compliance War Powers and the Supreme Court US Code Title 10: Armed Forces • Alt • 10 USC: Organization & General Military Powers US Code Title 50: War & National Defense The Federalist Papers (complete texts) US National Guard (history & laws) What is a Standing Army? Quotations on Standing Armies • On Militia • 2nd Amendment & Standing Armies Militia and the Standing Army State Militias & the US (AF Law Review) Milita, Standing Armies & 2nd Amendment Debate on a Standing Army (1798-1800) Militia Act of 1792 • Text • Alt Militia Act of 1903 (Dick Act) • United States National Guard Current Milita Legislation (Title 10 U.S.C. 311) For Standing Armies (Clausewitz On War, Ch. 5) • Adam Smith (Wealth of Nations, CH. 1) Against Standing Armies (Thomas Jefferson) • Jefferson's Call for Universal Service • James Madison quoations • More • Jacob G. Hornberger • "It Takes A Militia" (review, Gart Hart book, 1999) • More Reviews Madison: Raising An Army, 1812 (lesson plan) Second Amendment Issues Origin & Meaning of Right to Bear Arms U.S. v. Miller (Text: intent of 2nd Amendment, 1939) • Discussion Commentary: Original Intent of 2nd Amendment • More Commentary • Historic Roots Commas in the Second Amendment • English Professor Anaylzes 2nd Amendment Quotations on 2nd Amendment • More America's First Battles (chronology) • More The American Citizen-Soldier, 1775-1861 Citizen-Soldiers or Regulars: Views on Military Establishment 1775-1781 Reorganizing the Army (post-Span-Am War) American Isolationism & Expansionism (JSTOR) US Non-Intervention American Way of War Today American Way of War (Air University bibliography) Eagle' Talons: American Experience at War (e-book) War & the Military in America (SHSU) Grand Strategy & American Foreign Policy New American Way of War (Jeff Record, 2002) New American Way of War (Max Boot, 2003) • Alt American Way of War and Peace in Comparative Perspective (Wilson & Lyall) • pdf 100 Rules: New American Way of War • Alt American Way of War (Cebrowski & Barnett, Jan 03) Technological War: Reality & American Myth War at the Millennium (internal link) The Wars of America (syllabus, Rutgers) Airpower: American Way of War (Atlantic, Jun 02) American Way of War or Way of Battle? (2004) Toward An American Way of War (2004) • pdf Primer: Paradox of the American Way of War Paradox of "New American Way of War" (2004) Why America Fails to Win the Peace (2006, pdf) Why America Fails to Win Every War It Starts (2017) History of US War Powers (Mil Law Review, 93) What Happened to Declarations of War? Who Takes Us to War? (Krauthammer, Jun 11) The American Way of War Revisited (Linn, 2002) Trends in American Major War & Peace (1983) National Style in Strategy (Colin Gray) War is a Racket (e-book) • Smedley Butler • Background on book Eisenhower: Military-Industrial Complex Weinberger Doctrine (internal link) How American Regrads Its Warriors Why We Serve (Colin Powell, 6 Nov 11) American Way of War: Post-Cold War Everything You Thought You Knew About the American Way of War is Wrong (2002) Austerity and the End of American Intervention Why Has America Stopped Winning Wars? (2015) Reflections on the 9/11 Decade (Sep 2011) Six Military Stereotypes That Are True How America's Wars Changed English Language Americans at War (Smithsonian) On the Meaning of War Memorials U.S. Flag Officers (numbers & rules) US Army Commanding Generals and CoSs Return to Top
Grand Strategy Grand Strategy • More (D R Worley) Grand Strategy (Air University bibliography) • Council on Foreign Relations portal Grand Strategy: Literature, Statecraft & World Order The Shaping of Grand Strategy (review) Problems & Pitfalls of Grand Strategy (SSI) Why Grand Strategy is Tough for Academics Surprise, Security & The American Experience The Myth of Grand Strategy • Alt Defining & Teaching Grand Strategy • PDF Grand Strategy & US Foreign Policy (case studies) Grand Strategy for America (book review) Five Pillars of American Grand Strategy Criterial of a Sensible Grand Strategy (Spinney, 2015) 8 Myths about American Grand Strategy • Alt Grand Strategy vs. Military Strategy Grand Strategy and International Law National Interest (definition) Military Power & National Interests National Interest and Strategy (2002) • Rebuttal (2003) Key Strategic Issues List (Army War College, 2011) The Grand Strategy of the United States (2014) Grand Strategy i& American Foreign Policy (2012) Instruments of National Power (internal link) Hegemonic Stability Theory • Long Cycle Theory • Four Phases of Long Cycle Theory • Source • Six Cycles of the Modern Era Strategy Strategy (Wikipedia) Strategy (Britannica) Quotations on Strategy Definitions Quotations on Strategy • More Quotations from Books on Strategy • Strategy (B H Liddell Hart) Definitions of Strategy (corporate) 33 Strategies of War (Google book) Concepts of Strategy Strategy: Theory (RCMH) • Practice Makers of Modern Strategy (Paret, Google book) Teaching Strategy for 21st Century Why Strategy Is Difficult (Colin Gray) National Values => Mil Strategy Military Strategy (Wikipedia) Military Strategy: Historical Perspectives Fabian Strategy (Wikipedia) Strategy & Policy Course (USMC CCE) Policy and War (case study, NWC) Theory & Strategy Resources (AU) • Essays on Strategic Art Military History pre-20th Century Geopolitics, Geography & Strategy (Colin Gray) Land Strategy: Past, Present, Future • pdf Strategic Questions w/o Answers (pdf) • Summary (Find: Crowl) Toward a Theory of Strategy Process of Strategy Making (NWC) Environment of Strategy Making (NWC) How Budget Crises Have Improved U.S. Strategy • Alt Case Studies: Strategy & Theory (NWC) • American Revolution • Napoleonic Era • WW I • WW II • Chinese Civil War & Korea • Vietnam • Gulf Wars • Terrorism: Strategies & Policy • Global War on Terrorism Weinberger Doctrine • Dealing With a Potential "Nuclear Hitler" (1995) • Weinberger's Six Tests (AF Mag, 2004) • Analysis (AF Mag, 2014) • Speech: "The Uses of Military Power" (Nov 84) • pdf • Decision to Fight in Gulf War (AF Mag, May 91) • "The Use of Force" (application of Weinberger) Origins of the Weinberger Doctrine, 1980-1984 Weinberger v. Weinberger-Powell (2004) • Alt Iraq: Return to Weinberger? (Jeff Record, 2007) Give War A Chance (political-military divergence) We Ignore Weinberger At Our Peril (2001) Mil Power in Pursuit of National Interests The World At War (FAS) Major Theater War (FAS) Military Strategy bibliography (lonked) US Military Strategy (ICAF) American Way of Victory USMC CCE Courses • Theory and Nature of War • Strategy & Policy • Operational Level of War • Ops Other Than War (case studies) Coercive Military Strategy • More • Coercive Diplomacy Air Power As a Coercive Instrument Surprise Attack (Google book) • Strategic Military Surprise: Incentives Opportunities Preemptive & Preventive War Doctrine (C Gray) Military Strategy & Tactics (overvirew) Military Planning (e-books) Harry Summers on Strategic Thinking (interview) • Video of Interview Strategy in the Age of Nuclear Weapons Geopolitics The Heartland Theory Intoduction to Geopolitics The Geopolitics Reader Geopolitics of the U.S. (Stratfor, Aug 11) • Pt 2 Geopolitical Trends of Major Regions (Stratfor) Geopolitics, Nationalism & Dual Citizenship Geopolitics & Geoeconomics Geopolitics in Eurasia (video slides) • Source Geopolitics, Geography & Strategy (Colin Gray, 1999) The Deoman of Geopolitics (Herwig, 2011) Military Geography for the Professional • Alt • Alt • Choke Points Russia's Geographic Challenge (video) The State of the World: A Framework (Stratfor) US Naval Dominance & Importance of Oceans Why Geography Matters Strategy: Bridging Policy & Operations (2001) Operational Art Historical Perspectives of Op. Art (CMH) Operational Art (AirU links) • More (NWC) Roots of US Operational Art • pdf Operational Level of War (USMC CDC) Operational Level of War (bibliography) Essense of Operational Warfare • pdf Maneuver Warfare: Napoleon to Now Operational Warfare Briefing (JCS) Historical Perspectives of Op Art (CMH, e-book) Major Theater War Phases Blkitzkrieg to Desert Storm: Evolution of Op War Tactics Tactics (Britannica) • Military Tactics • Detail (lsubcatagoreis) Weapons & Tactics Through History Tactics 101 **** (Armchair General - series intro) • Mission Analysis • Decisive Point • Archive (reverse order: first article last) Military Geography (NDU e-book) Terrain Considerations The Basic Elements of Combat Linear formations (mid-18th C, scroll down) • Battle of Fortenoy (1745: classic example) • Image • Another ("facing off") • Panorama • Another • Map • Period Map Tactics: Age of Muskets (cached) History of Drill • Maurice of Nassau (drill innovator) Role of NCO in Drill & Tactics The Bayonet & Linear Warfare 18th c Infantry Tactics 18th C Infantry Tactics (American Rev) Infantry Tactics (17th c to mid-19th c) • Formations • Infantry Evolution • Artillery Technology & Tactics • Evolution of Cavalry Tactics • 1792-1803 • 1803-14 • 1861-65 Tactics - Napoleon to Civil War • Army Organization - Mid-18th c Tactics (USMC MCDP 1-3, 1997) • Alt • pdf 20th Century Tactics, Doctrine & Org Linear Warfare to Swarming (ppt) Clausewitz and Non-linear War (Oct 2003) Fourth Generation of War (Lind) • The Canon (Original "Fourth Gen" article) • Part 2 • Part 3 Five Generations of Warfare FM 3-06 Urban Operations • Alt Napoleonic War Tactics (internal link) US Civil War Tactics (internal link) Wargame Rules (portal) Friendly Fire Amicicide: Problems of Friendly Fire Friendly Fire Incidents: WW II	Theory of War Military Theory & Grand Strategy (AU portal) Roots of Strategy (GoogleBook) Makers of Modern Strategy (Google book) War Theorists (US Mil History Companion) Theory of War Portal (Bellum) • Cached Alt • Air War College Theory & Nature of War (USMC CCE) Theory of War (USMC MCDP 1 - 1997) Sun Tzu: Art of War (e-book) • Text • Portal • Blog Machiavelli: Art of War • Alt • Text Carl von Clausewitz (Mil History Companion) Clausewitz for Beginners Clausewitz Homepage • On War (Graham translation, 1873) • Alt • Other on-line versions • Other translations • Review of On War • Search • Index • Subject Index • Word Index Clausewitz Bibliography Clausewitzian Trinity • Teaching Note Clausewitz: A Bibliographical Survey Clausewitzian Trinity in WW II & Vietnam Toward a Theory of Applied Strategy Clausewitz: Military Center of Gravity Center of Gravity: Still Relevant • pdf Misreading Clausewitz (re: WW I) Clausewitz: Ltrs on Strategy • pdf Readings on Clausewitz Value of Studying Clausewitz Keegan & Trashing of Clausewitz Causewitz: Passion for War (review article) Clausewitz in English (e-book) • Book Review • Other commentary Summary of Clausewitz (Boyd) • Critique Jack Welch on Clausewitz Cannae (case studies, von Schlieffen) • Battle of Cannae (Wikipedia) • von Schlieffen summary of Cannae Antoine-Henri Jomini (Wikipedia) The Art of War (Jomini, 1862 ed) •More • Table of Contents • Article Summaries • Excerpts • Present Theory of War and Its Utility • Alt • pdf • On Certain Types of War • On Military Institutions • On Strategic Lines and Points • Alt • On Modern Maritime Expeditions Comments on Jomini • 2 • 3 • 4 Clausewitz-Jomini Interaction • Fundamental Differences Clausewitz, Jomini & Mil Strategy Clausewitz, Jomini & American Civil War du Picq: Battle Studies (c 1868) Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung Military Writings of Mao Tse-tung • On Protracted War • Strategy in Revolutionary War Theory & Nature of War (USMC CSC) Basil Liddell Hart (1895-1970) • More • Papers of B H Liddell Hart J. F. C. Fuller (1868-1966) Foundations of the Science of War (Fuller, 1926) • Original Document (pdf) Generaliship: It's Diseases and Their Cure (Fuller, 1936) British Military Thought: Fuller & Liddel Hart Alfred Thayer Mahan • More • Bio • Influence of Sea Power ... (e-book) • Alt • Ch. 1, Elements of Seapower • Synopsis • Impact of book • Mahan on US Naval Expansion (1902) • Impact of Seapower (analysis) Sea Power & Other Studies (Bridge, 1899) Air Marshall Giulio Douhet • AF Mag bio • The Command of the Air (1921) • Review • Douhet's Influence Revisited Hap Arnold: Fundamental Principles of Air Power Air Power In War (MRAF Authur Tedder) • pdf John Boyd: Impact on Strategic Thinking • Biography • More • More • More • Destruction & Creation (theory-1976, pdf) • HTML • Patterns of Conflict (briefing: background) • Slideshow (196 slides) • ppt • Boyd & Military Strategy (portal) • Strategic Theories of John Boyd • How John Boyd Beat the Generals • Alt Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War • "Boydmania" (review) John Boyd and American Security The Strategic Theory of John Boyd • Birth of the OODA Loop • Boyd: Architect of Modern War (mag pp 24-28) Forty-Second Boyd and the Big Picture • Pt 2 Herman Kahn • On Thermonuclear War (1960) • Excerpts • On Escalation • Kahn's Escalation Ladder André Beaufre (deterence theory) Leadership Great Leaders in the Art of War Generalship: Diseases & Cure (Fuller) Great Captains (list) • Van Tien Dung (Vietnam, 1975) On Protracter War by Mao Tse-Tung The Prince (review) pdf Grand Campaigns in History • Grand Campaigns: A Re-examination Dissent Dissent in Wars Military Dissent: The Newburg Legacy (2006) A History of Pacifism (NY Times, 28 Aug 11) New Definition of Military Valour - Saying No To Politicians (Guardian, Apr 06) Generals Speak Out (links to articles on dissent) • Why Iraq Was A Mistake (LTGEN Greg Newbold, Aug 06) • Top-Down Review for Pentagon (MGen Paul Eaton, Mar 06) • Related NY Times article A Failure in Generalship (Yingling, May 07) Generals Call for Rumsfeld Resignation (NY Times, Apr 06) Protest in Wartime Contending With Hitler: German Domestic Resistance (e-book) Cold War: Anti-Nuclear Protest (worldwide) • U.S. • In Music: "Merry Minuet" (Kingston Trio, 1959) • Lyrics • "Eve of Distructuin" (Barry McGuire, 1965) • Lyrics Anti-Nuclear Movement in the U.S. Protest Against the Vietnam War The Imact of War on Humanity Why Veterans Miss War Return to Top	Technology & War Technology & War (Guilmartin, pdf) The Strategy of Technology (e-book) Ctr for Strategy & Technology (Air U) Military Innovation (Murrary & Guilmartin) War and Invention (1931) Technology & Defense (Singapore MoD) Industrial Revolution & Warfare (19th c.) • Evolution of Modern Warfare • Impact & Major Trends • Timeline: 19th c. Tech & War Influence of Weapons on History The Fog & Friction of Technology Military Technology Military Technology Britannica: Military Technology Inventions and War (1941 -- JSTOR) 50 Weapons That Changed Warfare (download) Weapons Dictionary Weapons Technology (portal) Intro to Military Equipment (tutorials) Weapon Manual Infographics (HistoryNet.com) How Stuff Works: Tech of War Naval Technical Notes Innovations in Marine Technology Jet Genesis Turbine Engines (History, Theory) Tactical Aircraft Primer Stealth Technology Strealth Aircraft Primer Stealth Aircraft References A Brief History of Unmanned Aircraft Tactical Missule Technology, 1950-1990 How a Cruise Missle Works (interactive) History of Guided Weapons Precision Guided Weapons (history) Precision Guided Weapons Proximity (VT) Fuses • Development • Alt Smart Fuses • Standard Fuse Military Space Resources Military Explosives Briefing (NROTC) Shaped Charges & Reactive Armor Fuel-Air Explosive • Demo Ballistics • More • Internal • External • Terminal • Coefficients • Powder • Rifling • Bullets • More • Rifle Barrel Technology Ammunition, Fuzes & Propellants • More Super Gun Nuclear Weapon Technology (primer) Anti-Helicopter Mine Weapon Resources Jane's Defense Federation of American Scientists • US Munitions & Weapon Systems • US Aircraft • US Navy Ships (profiles) How Stuff Work Weapons Portal Battle Stations series (modern weapon videos) US Army Ordnance Museum Royal Artillery Museum US Land Warfare Systems History of Technology How Europe Missed the Transistor (Spectrum, Nov 05) Military Revolutions & RMA Dynamics (and Definitions ) of Military Revolutions Definition: RMA (Wikipedia) RMS (definitions & brief history, CRS, 1995) Patterns of RMA (history, National Interest) RMA Portal (SourceWatch) RMA Bibliographies (AU Library) • Project on Defense Alternatives Thinking About RMA (Williamson Murray, 2007) Background on RMA The RMA Debate (portal) • History & Context • Asymmetric War The Military Reform Project (portal) Transformation of War (AWC portal) • RMA The Revolution in War (background, pdf, pp.13-17) War Made New (Google book) • Warfare - past & present (analysis) Thinking About RMA (pdf) War as We Knew It: Real RMA (pdf) Purpose of War (AF Mag) RMA Revisited (Canadian) War, Politics, RMA & Clausewitz (1995) Effects of Military Innovation (RMA) A Conceptual Approach to Transformation Revolution to Transformation (JFQ 2002) Mil Rev 1560-1660 - Myth? (Parker - JSTOR) Mil Revolution 1500-1800 (book reviews) Mil Revolution: Origins & Tests (Guilmartin) Wars of Louis XIV Military Revolution (course outline, UWisc) 17th Century Europe (course outline, UWisc) 17th Century RMA • Arms & Tactics • Ships & Navies • Soldiers & Governmentt Military Revolution at Sea Military Revolution (images: pike & musket) (squares, tercio) Spanish Tercios (1525-1704) • Evolution & Tactics • Diagram • More: HistoryWorld.net • More: Wikipedia Linear formations (images -- scroll down) Ancien Régime Warfare & Mil Rev Military Rev: Medieval Perspective Military Rev: Early Modern Europe Trace Italienne & Mil Revolution 1567-1648 Gettysburg to Gulf: Tech Change (NDU) Cavalry to Computer: Patterns of Mil Rev • pdf Industrial Revolution & Warfare (MTSU) • Impact: Industrial Rev on 19th c War • Timeline: 19th C Warfare & Technology Napoleonic & First World War RMAs 19th C Naval Technology Revolution • Technology Issues • Breech Loading Rifled Artillery • The "ABCD" Construction Initiative • Atlanta & Boston • Chicago • Dolphin • More "Steel Navy" Construction 19th Century Naval RMA (2000, pdf) The Submarine RMA (WW I) The Interwar RMA (book: Williamson Murray) • Review Military Power and the RMA (Hallion, 1999) Transformation in Concept & Policy (JFQ, 2005) Understanding 4th Generation War (Lind) • Alt • pdf • History • 1st Generation • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • Marine Corps Gazette article, Oct 89 • Alt • Expanding Remarks (Dec 03) • More (Fall 04) • pdf • More (Jan 05) William F. Lind • Articles (chronological) • More • Last of "On War" series (15 Dec 09) Fourth Generation War (FMFM-1A "manual") • Wm. Lind Explanation Harnessing New Technology • pdf Fourth Gen War and Other Myths (Echevarria) Problems With 4th Gen War (Echevarria-2005) The Sling and the Stone (Google book) Endless War (Ralph Peters) End of Major Conventional War? (2004) War at the Millennium (internal) Possibilities: Information Age Warfare Information Operations (Project AF 2025, 1996) Precision Munitions and New Era of Warfare 21th Century Warfare Issues Return to Top
Weapons Dictionary of Weapons Pre-Modern Era Weapons Ballistic Weapons (Guilmartin) Early Gunpowder Weapons (15th c) • Timeline • Artillery • Handguns 18th Century Arms (vignettes) Ordnance Techical Information (all types) ** Weapons & Warfare (Probert Encyclopedia) 20th Century Weapons (Digger History) Weapons (West Point video series) Gunpowder & Ballistics History of Gunpowder • More Gunpowder • Black Powder • More Gunpowder & Cannon (Calvert; detailed) • Alt Black Powder Basics & Manufacture • British Gunpowder Mill Gunpowder & Saltpeter • More The Saltpetre Man (1853) Smokeless Powder Powder & Primers History of Explosives & Propellants (IE) Gunpowder Revolution (early artillery, firearms) • Alt Military Explosives (explosives vs. propellants) Impact: Gunpowder Revolution (chart) Ballistics • More (technical) Ballistics: Historical Perspective • pdf Explosives in War (extensive) Bullets & Cartridges Kinetic Projectiles Bullets • Minié Ball • More (Wikipedia) • Burton Ball (US Minie Ball) • More • Photo • More • More • More (scroll down) • Delvigne-Poncharra Bullet European Bullets • Pt. II • Photos Caliber (Wikipedia) Bullet Caliber Conversions Bullet History, Design, Manufacture Metalic Cartridge Nomenclature Bullet Types (photos) Bullet Nomenclature Cartridges History of Center Fire Cartridge 19th c. Cartridges (translated from Spanish) • Site map (translated) Ammunition of the World Modern Bullet Theory & Design (scroll down) Modern Small Arms Ammunition • Ballistic characteristics (data) Ammunition photos Raufoss Round • Video Ballistic Effects (9mm-50FI-400-class cal, video) Small Arms Military Firearms Database ** History of Firearms to 1500 Early Firearms (15th to mid-19th c) Infantry Small Arms (1700 on) Early Handguns (late 15th c) • More Musket to Machine Gun (history) History of Small Arms (unusual) Small Arms History (thumbnails) Guns Through the Centuries History of Muzzle Loaders History of Firepower (video) History of Firearms • Terminology • Anatomy of Firearms • Ballistics Firearms History (portal) • Bow to Early Firearms • Early Ballistics • Late 18th c Firearms (period docs) • Long-Range Shooting Top 10 Combat Rifles • Video • Four Phases of Firearm Development (photo) Evolution of Firing Mechanisms • Percussion Caps (Scientific American, 1869) • Manufacture of Percussion Caps • Percussion Cap Photo Muskets (images) • 17th Century Matchlock Musquette (1600-1660) Wheelock Firearms Flintlock Mechanism • Components • Animation Flintlock FAQ • How Flintlocks Work • Loading & Firing a Flintlock (video) Manual of Arms, 1764 • Original Musket Accuracy & Windage • Statistics Firearm Photos (Arundel Militaria) Gun's World (firearm history portal) • Exploded Firearm Drawings • Cutaway Photos Musket to Breech Loader (BBC) • Alt Birmingham Barrel Proof House Flintlock Pistols & Muskets (photos) Evolution of 19th c Firearms Brown Bess (American Rifleman) • History of War.org • Wikipedia • Firing (video) • Why it's called "Brown Bess" The Charleville • More U. S. Firearms Evolution (Springfield Armory) • More • More • The Guns at Springfield (video history of arsenal) Flintlock Model 1795 M1816 Flintlock International Firearms (extensive) Rifle (history) • By Type • Tech Data The Rifle (Tales of the Gun video series) The American Rifle Rifling & Bullet Spin (technical) Polygonal Rifling Old Rifles (1850-1950) Evolution of Military Rifles (Patton site) Development of the British Service Rifle The Ferguson Rifle (Brit) • Alt • Wikipedia • Details & Photos • Specs French Rifles Minié & Enfield '53 Rifles Whitworth on Rifling Whitworth & Enfield Rifles Compared (1857) USA Rifled Arms (1816-WWII) Civil War Small Arms (internal link) Mid-19th c Military Rifles • More US Firearms of the Civil War Era • More Rifled Musket M1855 • Technical Detail • More Springfield M1861 Rifled Musket • M1863 • Operation & Impact on Civil War **(video) Breechloading M1866 Springfield "Trap Door" Rifle M1865-M1868 Springfield "Trap Door" Rifles • M1865 • M1866 M1873-M1888 Springfield "Trap Door" Rifles • More • M1873 Springfield Carbine (Little Big Horn) • Comparison, M1873 Rifle & Carbine • More • M1873 "Trapdoor" Springfield Video Needle Gun • Dreyse Needle Gun (German) • More • More • Analysis • Cutaway • Chassepot Needle Gun (French) • More • Details • More • Comparison: Dreyse vs. Chassepot Cartridges Late 19th C Rifles Martini-Henry Rifle (UK, 1871) • More M1892 Krag-Jørgensen • Photo • Detail • Development History • Techical Review Mauser Rifles • Mauser M1871 • Mauser 98 • History • Specs • Mauser 98K (WW II) Mosin-Nagant (Russia) • Photos • More Historic Atlas of Arms • Original (Italian) Modern Military Arms (20th c) Military Rifles (20th c) • Lebel Rifle (8 mm, French) • M98 Mauser • M1903 Springfield • M1917 Enfield • M1 Garand US Firearms (US Army, 20th c) M1903 Springfield • More • More • History M1911 .45 cal Pistol (History) M1917 Enfield M1 Garand Rifle • More • More • More • Detailed History • Development (c 1938) • More • Sniper Model • Detailed Photo • More • M1 Maintenance Manual • Animation • Feed Cycle • Video M1 Carbine • Details M14 Rifle M16 Rifle • More • AR-15 History Future US Firearms Small Arms Portal History of Snipers World Guns • Military Rifles US Infantry Weapon Reference (modern) Modern Firearms 20th Century Arms Top 10 Combat Rifles (video) • Details Walther P38 Pistol (details) Historic Firearms Automatic Weapons Machine Gun: History, Development (e-book) • Full-Automatic Macine Gun Development • History (Wikipedia) • More • Machine Gun Development • More Russian Rapid Firing Gun (late 17th c) Rapid-Fire Guns of the American Civil War Gatling Gun • History • Evolution • Patent Model • Operational Animation • In Civil War • More • More • Description & Servicing (1878) Mitrailleuse (French) • More Machine Gun Systems: • Recoil • Blowback • Gas System WW I Machine Guns: Allies • More • Central Powers Madsen light MG (Danish, WW I) • Wikipedia • More Chauchat (French, WW I) • More Pulemyot Maxima PM1910 MG (Russia) American "Machine Cannons" (c 1889) Colt Browning M1895 "Potato Digger" MG • Browning M1917 & M1919 (water-cooled) • Browning M1918 (BAR) • More • More • Browning M2 Machine Gun British Machine Guns • Maxim Gun • Documentary • Hiram Maxim • Vickers Gun • Lewis Gun • Bren gun German Machine Guns Maxim MG 08 Family • MG 08 • More • MG 08/15 • German MG-34 • MG-42 • MG-42 Soviet Machine Guns Kalashnikov Site Submachine Gun History • Types • More • Bergmann MP18 (WW I) • M1A1 Thompson Submachine gun • Video • M3 "Grease Gun" (USA) • More • MP-38/40 "Schmeissers" (Germany) • Sten (UK) • PPSch-41 (USSR) Sten Gun Assault Rifle History • More • Definition • Early Development (Infographic) • MP-44/StG-44 (Sturmgewehr-44) • AK-47 • "Tool of Modern Terror • More • ebook • AK-series Lineage in MP/StG-44? M-14 (US) M16 Rifle • AR15/M16 Identification Guide • M16 Rifle Variants • AR-15 History M-4 Carbine • Lineage • CAR-15 • CAR-15/XM-177 • XM177 Lineage Other Infantry Weapons** Bayonet (history & evolution) • More • More • Bayonet Identification • Plug • Rod (Photo) Trench Knife Grenades • History • More • Details • Types • Cross-section Grenades in the Civil War Grenades in WW I History of Grenades & Grenade Launchers • International grenades (20th century) M79 Grenade Launcher M203 Grenade Launcher M107 Anti-Material Rifle (modern) M1014 Shotgun (2001) Land Mines (primer) • Anti-personnel • Anti-tank Flamethrowers (primer) • Detail • Animation • Graphic Mortars • Use in WW I Barbed Wire in War Body Armor (history) • More • More • More • How Modern Body Armor Works • Demo • US Body Armor (Korean War) • More • Current Marine Body Armor Inert-ord.net Rifle Grendades	Artillery Artillery (Wikipedia) • Basics Artillery Terms & Nomenclature • Glossary (Naval Historical Ctr) History of Artillery (Guilmartin) History of Artillery (RNZA) • Early Rifling • Projectiles Artillery Throught the Ages (NPS) • Alt • Early Smoothbore Cannon • Rifling Early Cannon Artillery (14th - 16th Century) Gunpowder Artillery (late 15th c) Napoleonic Artillery (e-book) • Article (WTJ) • Napoleonic Siege Mortars (detailed) History of Rifled Cannon (1861) Cannon Glossary • More Gunfounding (classic) • US Civil War Early Cannon Ignition • Friction Primer History of Artillery (extensive portal) • History of the Gun • History of the Mortar • Carronade • Howitzer • Armstrong Gun • Disappearing Guns • Breech Mechanisms • Obturation • Muzzle Brakes • Gun Rule Artillery Projectiles (IE) • Shells • Civil War Artillery Ammunition Ammunition, Fuzes & Projectiles (20th c) Gun Carriages Gun Sizes: Pounders vs. Inches Shrapnel • Wikipedia • More • Shrapnel v Shell Fragments • Shrapnel Shell (WW I) Artillery Pieces (mid-19th c on) Bronze Guns (Washington Navy Yard Russian Artillery Museum (photos) Shuvalov Cannon (Russia 1753, oval bore) • Closeup • Front View • Side View Rectangular Bore Gun (Russia, 18th c) Square Bore Siege Gun (Russia, 16th c) Tsar Cannon (Russia, 16th c) • History French Artillery (in French) History, US Field Artillery • doc Armstrong 12 pdr Field Gun (UK, 1859) Evolution of US Artillery • pdf Civil War Artillery • More (NPS) Civil War Artillery Basics • More • Crew & Ammunition 12-pounder Napoleon Model 1857 • More • Video Civil War Naval Ordnance American Dynamite Guns Modern Artillery Characteristics Artillery Systems (thumbnails) French 75 Recoil Mechanism (animated) • Source (Fr) • Gun Components (Fr) French 75 in WW I • French 75 in US Service (photos) Large Gun Component Details (20th c) Artillery of the Great War • French 75 Field Gun • German 7.7 cm Field Gun • German 10.5cm Howitzer ("Big Bertha") • German Paris Gun German Flak 88 • Images & History Modern Artillery Ammunition Ordnance Images • Ordnance Categories (background) • Tech Data US 175mm Gun (Vietnam - video) Railway Gun Museum • TOC History of Railroad Guns German Gustav 80 cm Gun • More 14 inch Gun (Fort MacArthur Museum) Dalhgren 12-in Gun Big Guns of WW I US Navy Raiway Batteries (WW I) 280mm German railroad Gun 280mm Atomic Cannon Little David - US 36-in. Mortar Self-Propelled Artillery Crusader SP Artillery Davy Crockett Early Artillery Rockets (NPS) 19th c Military Rockets History of the Rocket 1804-1815 Rockets in Early American Wars (JSTOR, 1946) Congreve Rockets Katusha Rocket Launcher (Soviet, WW II) US Army Missile Programs Naval Guns Naval Guns • Naval Guns (Tales of the Gun series) Naval Cannon Fabrication Nelsonian Naval Ordnance Early Naval Guns • Alt • More Carronade • More • More Naval Cannon Fabrication • More Naval Ordnance Technology (c 1937, detailed) • Gun Barrel Construction Naval Gun Factory • More (c 1952) • Pt 2 Naval Ordnance in War Naval Gun Definitions & Details (20th c) • Ammunition, Fuzes & Projectiles Naval Gunfire Support Naval Weapons (internal link) Tanks Tank Encyclopedia Tanks (Wikipedia) • By Type • Oxford Companion to Military History Development of the Tank in WW I (internal link) Essays on Armor Historic Tanks Top 10 Tanks (Military Channel videos) Ninety Years of the Tank • Photos Armored Fighting Vehicles (WW I to Cold War) Patton Armor Museum (photos) Armored Vehicle Reference (modern) First Tank Proposal • Supporting Correspondence Tank Data & Profiles • More (portal) German Armor of WW I (cached) French Tanks (1916-1995, in French) French Char B Tank (1930) WW II Tanks (internal link) WW II Tank Images (models) • More • WW II Tank Comparison Graphic German Armor Images (w/ profiles) • Tanks Czar Tank (curiosity, c 1918) Russian Tank Museum Soviet Tank Development (WW II) • Soviet tank plans T-34 Tank • Video T-54/T-55 Series Tanks T-72 Medium Tank Japanese Tanks (WW II) Reactive Armor Tiles US Armored Vehicles (FAS) US Tanks (M26-M48-M60) • M47 Patton M551 Sheridan • Service Use M1A1 Abrams Interactive Tour Combat Vehicle Reference Guide Self-Propelled Artillery M113 Armored Personnel Carrier • History Anti-tank Weapons Anti-Tank Weapons (overview) Anti-Tank Weapons & Vehicles AT Cartridges (WW I) Shaped Charges Primer • More HEAT Round US Tank Destroyers (WW II) • More WW II AT Weapons (dead tank photos) US Bazooka (M20 3.5 in. Rocket) • More • History • More • More • More German WW II Anti-tank Weapons • More Panzerfaust • Panzerfasut graphic • Another • Panzerfaust Photos Panzerschreck • More RPGs (primer) RPG-7 • More Soviet Anti-tank Dog (WW II) • More APFSDS Anti-tank Round Missiles Against Tanks, 1950-1990 AT-3 Sagger (USSR) M-47 Dragon (US) TOW Missile (US) Kinetic Energy Missile XM109 25mm Light Anti-Armor Rifle Mines Land Mines Claymore Mine Chemical Warfare Chemical Weapons Convention History of Chemical Weapons Western Policies on Poison Gas Use US Army Protective Mask (history, pdf) Intelligence Intelligence Bibliography History of US Comm Intelligence Keegan: Intelligence & War (review, pdf) Intelligence & Foreign Innovation (review, JSTOR) Studies in Intelligence (CIA) Impact of Intelligence on Battle NSA History Articles Signals Intelligence (NSA) Deception Deception Ops (CGSC bibliography) Deception in Warfare (AU bibliography) Quotations on Deception Dummy Battleships, WW I WW II Deception Operations (pdf) British WW II Homeland Deception Normandy Invasion Operations Soviet Operational Deception in WW II Deception in the Invasion of Japan Psy Ops & Propaganda Psychological Operations (Psywarrior.com) "The Falling Leaf" (psywar journal) Propaganda • More What is Propaganda? Propaganda Leaflet Dissemination • Leaflet Drop: O-2B Vietnam • Leaflet Drop (F/A-18) Quotations on Propaganda Propaganda Posters • Discussion • Article (doc) • US Posters • More • Soviet • PRC Media and War (Imprl War Museum) Propaganda & War Movies Why America Fights: Patriotism & Propaganda War Made Easy (politcal spin on US wars - video) Comic Books & Cartoons As Psywar Weapons Electronic Warfare Start of the Digital Revolution Human Issues In War Experiencing War (LOC Veterans History Project) The Face of Battle (combat stress) Soldier Kit Through the Ages (13th C - 21st C) Women and War (Imprl War Museum) • Images War Letters Project Human Element & Air Combat Witness to War (oral histories) The Draft Conscription When the Draft Calls Ended (AF Mag, 2008) • Comment: Draft to All Volunteer Force (AVF) History of Draft (Selective Service System) • More • Induction Statistics (1917-1973) Your Chances of Being Drafted About Selective Service What Happens During A Draft? US Military Conscription (ThoughtCo) • More • Reasons For & Against • More Draft Lottery, 1969 When the Draft Calls Ended Should We Reinstated Draft? (2000) The Case for the Draft (2005) • More (2007) • More (2017) All-Volunteer Force Proven (2003) Plans to Mobilize Retirees Updated (2005) Economic Arguments Against Draft (2016)	Defense of the Homeland Fortifications Fortification • More Fortifications (Guilmartin, RCMH) Castles & Fortifications of England & Wales • Brief History of Castle Building (UK) • History of Forticiatation Armament Universal Features of Fortifications • pdf Sieges (Wikipedia) • Siege Engines Fortification Links Trace Italienne (essay) • Wikipedia • Drawings • Glossary (translated) • Glossary Fortifications (15th - 16th Centuries) • 17th - 18th c Fortification Books (19th C, e-books) Marshal Vauban • RCMH • Wikipedia • Career overview • Military Engineer • Vauban's Innovations (translated) • Photos, Drawings (French) Attack, Defense of Fortified Places (1757, excerpt) Dictionary of Fortification • Images Glossary of Fortification Terms • Pentagonal Vauban Fortress • Crownworks • Bastion Dictionary of Military Architecture Dictionary of Fortification (illustrated) Fortifications of the World DB Fortified Places (international, portal) • Belfort Fortifications (US, portal) Fortresses Web Ring Star Forts of Paris (Fr, satellite photos) Fort McHenry (internal link) Fortified City (Almeida, Portugal) Belgian Forts of the 20th Century Fortresses of Liége (WW I) • Armaments • Details The Forts of Verdun (WW I - 1916) Maginot Line • Wikipedia • Concept • Video Contra View of Maginot Line • History • More • More • More • Development & Construction • Design (macro) • Detail • Detail • Organization & Operation (French) • Maginot Line Glossary • More Links • Tour • More • Maps & Diagrams Maginot Line (tour) • History (no frames) Maginot Line Operations & Controversy (internal Link) Andre Maginot • Wikipedia Fortified Town: Mont Louis (Fr) (images) Field Fortifications (West Point, 1856) Field Fortifications (Civil War) Coastal Defenses Coastal Defense & Fortification • Coastal Defense (GlobalSecurity.com) US Fortifications (early history) Harbor Defenses of US • First, Second & Third Systems • Third System (1850-1884) • Taft & Endicott Boards (1886-1917) Forts That Defended America (Google book) US Seacoast Fortifications, 1830-1945 Defending America's Coastline (NPS) Coastal Defense Study Group (portal) US Coast Artillery Corps • Wikipedia US Coastal Defense: Historical Context • Third System (1850-1884) Evolution of Guns in US Coastal Defense US Coastal Defense Forts US Harbor Defense Forts (maps c. 1921) Fort Monroe, VA (1834) • More Fort James Jackson, GA (Second System) • More • Virtual Tour Fort Trumbull, CN (2nd & 3rd Systems) • pdf Fort Adams, RI • History • Joseph C. Totten and the Third System Fort Hancock, NY (history, NPS) Harbor Defenses of the Delaware River Baltimore Harbor Defenses • Fort Carroll, MD • Fort McHenry, MD (internal link) • Baltimore Harbor Images Potomac River Defenses for Washington Hampton Roads Defenses Fort Sumter, SC (3rd System) • Fort Sumter National Monument (NPS e-booklet) Gulf Coast Fortifications Fort Taylor, FL (Key West) Pacific Coastal Defenses Fort St. Philip (LA) (1817, plan, NARA) Fort MacArthur (Coast Artillery; Nike missiles) San Francisco Bay Seacoast Defense • Historical Context • Design Evolution & Details • Fort Point (c. 1860) • More • Harbor Defenses, 1891-1945 • Fort Dynamite (1895-1904) • Fort Miley (c. 1900) • Battery Chamberlin (c. 1904) • WW II Seacoast Defense in San Francisco • Gun Defenses & Minefields (photos) • Forts Barry, Baker & Cronkhite • Cold War Era, 1952-1974 Russian Coast Artillery Surviving Towers (Delaware) Spithead Forts (UK, c 1860) Sea Forts (UK - WW II) • More • More • More • Wikipedia • Diagram •Thames Estuary Defenses (map) Air Defense History of Ground-Based Air Defense (e-book) AAA Defenses (WW II) Wasserfall (German SAM) History of Army Air Defense Cmd History US Air Defense (Air Force Mag) Early Warning Links SAGE System Nike Missile System History • More Nike Missile Portal • System History • Ajax • Hercules • Photos: • Ajax • Hercules • Patriot Nike Missiles and Sites Nike Missiles @ Ft. MacArthur Nike Missile Site Links SF-88 (original) • More • Photo Tour • Analog Computer SF-88 (National Park Service) Nike Site SF-88L Volunteers BOMARC System (cached) Ballistic Missile Defense Air Defense Artillery Magazine Cold War Air Defense (internal link) Bomb & Fallout Shelters (images) Logistics Logistics (Scroll down for multiple discussions) • Readers Companion to Military History • Canadian Forces Logistics Branh Handbook • Military Logistics (Wikipedia) "The Logistician" (quotation) • Quotations on Logistics Logistics and the Western Way of War The Long Haul: Sustainment in Large Combat Ops Logistics Portal (Air University) DOD Joint Logistics Course Pure Logistics (NDU, history, pdf) Logistics, The Practical Art of Moving Armies (Jomini) Logistics & Modern War (JSTOR, 1945) Logistics (How the Army Runs, pdf) Feeding Mars: Logistics in Wesern Warfare • Review • Review The Logistics of War: A Historical Perspective The Logistics of Waging War, 1982-1993 Military Logistics: A Brief History U.S. Army Logistics: 1775-1992 • More For Want of A Nail (history of QM supply mission) History of Navy Combat Logistics Spearhead of Logistics: History of US Army Trans Corps Early Transport & Logistics Logistics Links • Defintions • Quotations Feeding Armed Forces (RCMH) History of the Can • More War and Industry (RCMH) Lessons From Alexander the Great Moving Armies By Sea (c 1799) War Finance • More (RCMH) History of US Taxes & War • US Tax Timeline • Tax History Museum Century of Power Projection (AUSA, pdf) Logistics Bibliography (US Army CMH) US Quartermaster Corps History • QM History Portal • Museum • QM Timeline • WW II • Quartermaster History (Global Security) History of the Quartermaster Supply System US Subsistance Dept. (Revolution to Civil War) Ordnance Corps History US Army Trucks (photos, modern) Sierra Army Depot (vehicle storage) AMARG/AMARC (D-M "Boneyard") • Database • Background • More • Photos • More • History • Video • Video Industrial Warfare War & Industry (RCMH) Mobilization (bibliography) AF Journal of Logisitics (articles) Naval Logistics Bibliography Classes of Supply Logistics Case Studies (JCS) • Multimedia Course Logistics in the Revolutionary War Logistics in the Age of Sail Napoleon in Russia (logistical analysis) Sherman, Atlanta & The Sinews of War • Alt (scroll) Supplying the AEF (1917-18) British Logisitcs WW I US Oil Industry in WW I & WW II • Alt Liberty Truck (WW I) • US Army Transportation in WW I U.S. Army Transportation Corps • More • US Army Transportation Museum • More Allied v Axis GDP (graph, 1938-45) • More • GDPs of Individual Belligerents (table) Military Logistics in WW II The Big "L" - American Logistics in WW II • pdf • Google Book • Review Logistics in WW II (background & overview) Logisitics in the 1941 Victory Plan Sinews of War (logistics in WW II) • Details Mobilizing US Industry in WW II • Alt • Google book • pdf • Government (now Air Force) Plants Mobilization (CMH e-brochue) US Army Transportation & Logistics in WW II Transportation in WW II (video) Trains in WW II (video) • Army Troop Train (video, 1943) US Army Quartermaster Corps in WW II Logistic Support of the Armies (May 41-Se p44) • Volume 2 (Sep 44-Feb 45) • Inception of Overlord & Logiic Aspects • The Overlord Logistical Plan Clearing of Scheldt Estuary (2 Oct-7 Nov 44) • Logistics Limitations on Tactical Planning • Port Discharge & Shipping Problems • Transportation Developments • PDF (Both Volumes) Logistics and the Broad-Front Strategy • Logistics in W Europe (video, 38:05-42:55) Antwerp & German Effort to Cut Supply Lines Logistics & Patton's 3rd Army (cached) • .doc US Army Trucks in WW II • More • More • Studebaker US6 truck (w/ graphic) Red Ball Express • Map • Other Routes Bibliography: Logistics in W II (NDU) Port Chicago Disaster (Jul 44) East Coast Oil Pipelines (Big Inch, Little Inch) WW II Tank Output • US • Ger • USSR Use of Horses in WW II Logistics in Operation Barbarossa Army Small Freight Ships (FS) (WW II) Rapid Deployment Logistics (Lebanon 58) Early Logistics in Vietnam (1967) Logistics in Vietnam (CMH: Vietnam Studies series) Exercise Nifty Nugget (1978) • More • Analysis Desert Storm Logistics (NDU) • pdf Gulf War & 16 Log Principles The Management Margin in War Operator-Logistician Disconnect Reporting War Famous War Correspondents War Stories (covering war) • War Reporting & Technology Reporting in Time of Conflict (Harold Evans) Reporting War (US News) Role of Press in War: Lessons from past Press & Military: Tet 1968 Press In Vn As Agent of Defeat (JSTOR, 1989) Return to Top
Law of Armed Conflict Laws of War (Wikipedia) • Additional Background The Laws of War (documents, 1856-1975) • Treaties & Laws (International Red Cross) Laws of War (Google book) Law of War (Intrn'l Law of War Assoc.) Outlawing War & The Law of War (JSTOR) Law of Armed Conflict (Air U, links) • More Law of Land Warfare (FM 27-10, 1956/1976) • Alt HTML • pdf • Index for Geneva & Hague Conventions Law of War Deskbook (USA JAG Sch, '05) • pdf • Ch. 1: History of the Law of War How Rules of War Work • Introduction (thumbnail) Law of War - Outline • Book Review Legal Analysis of Changes in War Constraints on Western War (book rvws) When does War Exist? (JSTOR, 1932) Brief History of Law of War Law of War & Civilian Workers Nature of War (von Molke the Elder) Rules of Engagement (BBC Film) • More ROE Handbook for JAGs Factors In Developing ROE (NWC Review) Articles of War & UCMJ Law of Armed Conflict & ROE (USAF) Crimes of War Proj. - Legal Targeting History of Humanitarian Laws • Essential Rules Army Law of War Resources Manual for Courts Martial (pdf) Operational Law Handbook (USA JAG School) AF Int'l & Ops Law Deskbook Law of Naval Ops (NWP 1-14M) Blockades: (Overview) • US Foreign Policy Encyclopedia • Oxford Miltary History Companon • Reader's Companion to Military History • Blockades in US History (Oxford US Mil History) Law of Blockade (1903) History of the Law of Blockade (JSTOR, 1916) Blockades: Legal Considerations (ICRC) Blockade As An Act of War • Examples Laws of Blockade Prize Law Declaration of Paris, 1856 • Text • US Position London Declaration of 1909 • Text Air Blockade of Iraq (Northern & Southern Watch) Crimes of War (e-book) • Crimes of War Project • Misconceptions on Laws of War • Civilian Immunity • Combatant Status • Military Objectives & Legitimate Targets Law of War (book review) Gulf War: Legal and Moral? Law of War (links) Laws of War (RCMH) Rules of War & Arms Control Treaties (Fletcher) • Treaties (Univ of Minn) On the Law of War & Peace (1628) • pdf • Hugo Grotius Bio • Portal • Portal Humanitarian Law - Treaties & Documents (ICRC) Geneva Conventions (overview) • More • History of Geneva Conventions • Geneva Conventions, Core of Int'l Law 1st Geneva Convention (Wounded, 1864) • Thumbnail • Alt Text Geneva Convention III (War at Sea, 1899) Geneva (Gas) Protocol of 1925 • Impact on Herbicide War (Vietnam) Geneva Conventions of 1949 Treatment of POWs (Geneva III, 1949) • Text (linked by article) • Signatories Convention on Conventional Wpns (Geneva, 1980) • Text of Convention • Protocols • Status • US Reservation, Declaration & Understandings "Superfluous Injury & Unnecessary Suffering" The Hague Convention • Documents (1899-1954) Law of War on Land (Hague II, 1899) Law of War on Land (Hague IV, 1907) Hague Rules of Air Warfare (1923) History of Arms Control (Encarta) • More (Wikipedia) Current Arms Control Agreements (DoD) • More (FAS) • Arms Control Agencies (DoD) Militarism, Arms Races & Arms Cntrl (essay) Ban on Crossbow • 2nd Lateran, 1139 - #29 • Commentary (scroll down) • More Washington Naval Treaty (1922) • Document White Phosphorus: Legal Status Arms Control Assn. (current initiatives) Just War Theory Just & Unjust War Origin of terms jus ad bellum & jus in bello Airpower & Morality (AF mag editorial) Allied Area Bombing Revisited Dresden and the Law of War • Ethics of Raid Rolling Thunder & Law of War Linebacker & The Law of War Finding Appropriate Targets (AF Mag) Principle of Objective in LOAC (doc) Posse Comitatus Act • More • Def Posse Comitatus Resources Cluster Munitions (Foreign Policy, pdf) Lieber's Code (ROE, April 1863) • Alt Title 50, US Code: War and National Defense • Chapter 33: War Powers Resolution • Title 10: US Code: Armed Forces • Title 32: National Guard Strategic Bombing Doctrine: Moral & Legal? Civilian Casualties In Iraq & Other US Wars Return to Top	Land Warfare History of Land Warfare ** • More U. S. Army Cntr of Military History The US Army (FM 1) • Operations (FM 3-0, 2001) • Alt (2008, pdf) American Military History (book) The War Times Journal ** Land Warfare Papers (AUSA) Abrams Doctrine: Reserve & AD Force Integration US Army Infantry Museum Face of Battle (FAS) Small Wars Journal • Archive Block By Block: Urban Operations (case studies) Urban Operations (FM 3-06, w/ case studies) History of the British Army • Alt • Soldier Life in the British Army Olive Drag (military portal) Steel Pots: History of US Helmets Military Camouflage • Digital Camouflage Special Operations Code Names Land Warfare Systems (FAS tutorial) • Direct Fire Weapons • Indirect Fire Weapons • US Land Warfare Systems Historic Army Helicopters (WWII - SEA) The Military Horse Airborne & Air Mobile Operations Airborne Forces Airborne Ops in WW II: A German Appraisal (CMH) First US Airborne Operation (Husky, 1943) Airborne Operations (Armchair General) • Airborne Fundamentals • The Marshalling Plan • The Air Movement Plan • The Landing Plan • The Ground Tactical Plan History of Airborne Warfare History of U.S. Air Mobile Warfare (1950-1965) Airmobility 1961-1971 (CMH, VIetnam Studies) Air Warfare Aerial Warfare (overview) Air Force Historical Support Division USAF Historical Documents Royal Air Force History • More • More • RAF Center for Air & Space Power Studies Air Warfare Strategy Air Strategy (RCMH) (cached) Evolution of British & US Strat Bombing Air Warfare Tactics & Weapons Dicta Boelcke (first tactical doctrine, Sep 1916) • Background on Oswald Boelcke • More Air Combat Tactics • Air-to-Ground Basics: Bombing Aircraft Guns • Video (Tales of the Gun series) • Bullets Between the Blades (forward-firing guns) • WW II Fighter Gun Effectivemess Aircraft Guns of the World History of Aerial Navigation USAF Air Warfare Doctrine Global Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power (USAF vision statement, 2013) USAF History & Evolution USAF LeMay Center for Doctrine USAF History & Museums Program • Air Force Historical Support Division (researh & books) • Air Force Historical Research Agency (archive) • Access Defining Aerospace Power (1999) Opinions & Thoughts on Airpower Air & Space Power Course (USAF) • Background • Alt College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research & Ed. (CADRE) • Air & Space Power Mentoring Guide Doctrine, Technology & Air Warfare Illusions of Airpower (Crane, 2001) The Airpower Revolution (Atlantic, Apr 02) • Limitations on Airpower in SEA (Atlantic, May 02) • The American Way of War (Atlantic, Jun 02) The First US Air Staff (Jun 1941) Evolution of USAF Doctrine (AF Mag, Jun 04) Air Force Doctrine Documents (AFDD, current) • Circa 1997 Centralized Control, Decentralized Execution (origin) Air Force Roles & Missions: A History • Roles & Missions: Notes on Vietnam (pp 208-212) Ten Fundamental Truths of Airpower (2006) • Source Document (AFDD-2, 2006 - pdf) • PDF • Discussion Six Paradoxes of Airpower (AF Mag, 2009) The Age of Airpower (van Creveld - review) Why Air Forces Fail (e-book) Bogus Charges Against Airpower (AF Mag, 2002) • More Bogus Charges Against Airpower Airpower Overview (FAS) The Air Campaign (FAS) The Limitations of Air Power Sky High: Illusions of Air Power Aerial Bombing of Cities Psychological Effects of Airpower Terror Tarketing & Impact on Morale Air Strategy: Targeting For Effect "The Bomber Will Always Get Through" (1932) Air Lessons of WW II (Hap Arnold) Case Studies in Strategic Bombardment (AFHSO) Case Studies in Air Superiority (AFHSO) Case Studies in Close Air Support (AFHSO) Airpower in Three Wars (Momeyer: AFHSO) History of Air Interdiction • Text • More Air Interdiction in Three Wars (AFHSO) Major USAF Contingency Ops (1947-1997) History of Military Airlift Command,1941-1991 Brief History of Air Mobility Command History of Air Mobility Command (documets) US Military Airlift: History, Requirements, Plans • Air Mobility Mission • Air Mobility: The Strategic Use of Nonlethal Airpower • US Military Airlift Command (1947-1991, Pt 1) • Pt. 2 Rapid Global Air Mobility 1915-1949 Airlift Doctrine Evolution of Air Mobility (AF Mag) Air Movement Planning (select Disagree) • Alt • Evolution of Military Transport Aircraft • Pt. 2 Origins of Battlefield Airlift History of Airlift/Troop Carrier (McGowan) History of US Aerial Refueling (pdf e-book) A Brief History of Aerial Refueling • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3 • Pt. 4 • Pt. 5 The Tanker's Role in America's Wars The Tanker Saga (AF Mag) Air Mobility Command Aircraft (current) Airlift/Tanker Quarterly magazine USAF Installations **** (history & details) The Risk Takers (AF pioneers) American Airpower Comes of Age (Hap Arnold) Carl Spaatz: Airpower Strategist Carl A. Spaatz and the Air War in Europe USAF Doctrine • Airpower • Tenants of Airpower Fall of the Fighter Generals (2001) Air Force Roles & Missions: A History (AFHSO) Air War College Online Gateway • Issues, Doctrine & Warfighting • AU Military History • References • Military Index to the Internet Centenial of Flight • Essays on Airpower On Airpower (articles) Air Power Australia (think tank) Air University Library • Bibliographies Air University Press e-books Significant USAF Operations (AFHSO) • Alt Air Battles / Operations (AU) Air & Space Power Journal • A&SPJ Index Air Force Historical Studies Office • Pubs AF Historical Research Agency • c 2012 • Historical Support Div. • Alt • USAF Historical Studies (WWII =>) • Alt Concise History of the US Air Force • pdf US Army Air Forces (history, org) Significant Events in USAF History (tumbnails) USAF History Highlights (AFHSO) USAF Installations Worldwide (2018) Air Force Historical Foundation Air Force Magazine Archives • Special Collections National Museum of the USAF • USAF History • Weapons • Engines Aeronautical Systems Center History USAF History Video Air Warfare Photos (text in Korean) • Great Warplanes Air Aces Homepage US Aerial Victories - All Wars Aircraft Nose Art About.com History => Aviation Chandelle (aviation history journal) Post-WWII Air Wars History of the RAF • RAF Histories RAF Aircraft Histories Royal Air Force Museum Soviet Aviation Links Military Aviation Portal Military Aircraft (general categories) • Attack • Bombers • Fighters • Carrier-based World Military Aircraft (Air Vectors) • More Aviation Zone (Heavy Aircraft Portal) Evolution of Modern Aircraft (NASA) Encyclopedia of non-US Mil Aircraft Military Aircraft Database Aviation Images Aviation Portal Historic Wings (portal) US Military Aircraft (Baugher) USAF Bombers & Weapons (detailed) US Military Aviation Deisgnations Aerial Weapons (Guilmartin - RCMH) (cached) Aerial Munitions (e-book excerpt) • More Practical Military Ordnance Identification • Aerial bombs • Fuzes Aerial Weapons (overview) • Bombs • Alt • Dumb Bombs • Napalm • Fuze Detail (graphic) • Fuel-Air Explosive • BLU-72 FAE • Photo General Purpose Bombs • More • More Dumb Bombs (FAS) • Alt • Smart Bombs Air Weapons (NMUSAF, all wars) • SEA Conflict Aerial Munition Details (Navy training course, pdfs) • Bombs, Fuzes & Associated Components (pdf) History of Very Heavy Conventional Bombs Chemical Bomb (MC-1) • MM43 Cluster Bomb Emergence of Smart Bombs (AF Mag) PGMs: Background & Effectiveness History of Guided Weapons Aerial Torpedoes • Mark 13 Aerial Torpedo • More • Development (p. 31) • Background • Photo • General Arrangement Drawing • Operational History • Photos • US Navy Aerial Torpedoes & Tactics (video) History of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles • More (Air & Space Mag) • More • UAV History & Current Ops • Unmanned Air Vehicles History of Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles • Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles Drones & UAVs (NY Times topic) History of UAVs (USMC CSC '89) • More UAVs: History & Future (ACSC, 1997) • pdf Air Force UAV's: Secret History • Alt Firebee Drone • More • More • Photo Details • More MQ-9 Reaper History of Cruise Missiles (Vectorsite) US Airlift History Portal (cached) • History of Troop Carrier/Tactical Airlfit Over the Hump (Tunner - AFHSO e-book) • Alt Air Refueling History • The 90 Year Tanker Saga (AF Mag) • pdf w/images • Office of Air Force History • Flight of the "Question Mark" • Photos • Video • AR in the 1930's • AR in the Post-war Era: KB-29 & KC-97 • Photos • B-50A Lady Luck II (first non-sop around the world) Role of Aerial Refueling in US Wars (e-book) Filling Stations in the Sky (Aviation History) Aerial Refueling Bibliography Aerial Gunners & Defensive Airmament • Bomber Defense (pdf: Flight Journal, Win 2001) • Trainng Gunner, WW II Aerial Reconnaissance History Energy Management Air-to-Air Tactics Toss Bombing Two Decades of Stealth (AF mag) • w/ images JASSM M61 Tactical Nuke EMP Weapons BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" PGM's (Vectorsite) Laser Guided Bombs (FAS) GBU-43/B MOAB • More GBU-28 Bunker Buster (Flash) Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP: GBU-57) Missiles Against Aircraft, 1950-1990 USAF Folk Songs	Sea Warfare Naval Battles By War (Wikipedia) Naval Warfare Strategy (US Mil Hist Companion) • Sea Warfare in US History US Naval History • USN Ships (by name) • More US Naval History & Heritage Cmd • Articles: Chronological • By Title • By Conflict • US Navy History Publications • By Subject • More • History of the US Navy • More • Photo Collection • By Ship • More • US Navy Ship Strength (1866-present) Navy Department Library • By Conflict • US Naval History Video Seas of Liberty (US Navy history video) US Navy Battle Streamers Hampton Roads Naval Museum Birth of the US Navy (Mariners' Museum) Influence of Sea Power on History (Mahan) Naval History & Strategy (portal) • Navy & Marine Corps Living History Assn. Naval Warfare (NDP 1, pdf) Emergence of Modern Naval Warfare USMC History & Amphibious Warfare (internal) History of the US Coast Guard • At War History of the Royal Navy • Bibliography • RN Warships thru History RN in early modern period (1707-1815) Royal Navy Ships of the Line (list: 1660-1882) • Ship of the Line (definition) • Rating system of RN sailing warships • More • RN Frigates in the Age of Sail • Frigate Classes (17th-19th centuries) Royal Navy in 20th Century (naval-history.net) Warfighter's Encyclopedia The Caravel • History Fire Ships & Hellburners (16th C) Tactics: Crossing the "T" Naval Tactics in the Age of Steam Martime History Virtual Archive Naval Warfare History (CFCSC, cached) Seapower - Important Sea Battles US Naval History Maps USN/USMC History Portal Naval-History.net (20th century) Maritime History Portal Blockades (internal link) Warships of the World (historic) Historic Naval Ships (preservations) Ships of the Royal Navy • 1860 - present Genesis of the Ironclad (Crimean War) Non-US Ironclads, 1855-1880 Warship Plans & Profiles (1900-1950, all nations) • More • More • US Cruisers • Early Carriers • Later US Carriers • US Subs (inbrd profiles) • German Subs US Navy Ships (1883-1989: info & silhouettes) Intro to Ship Types (WW II) US Ship Pictures **** (NavSource) Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships • By Subject & Type • w/ Photos USN Ship Reclassification (1975) Warships on the Web Historic Ship Photo Tours Naval Ship Photos (portal) Brassey's Naval Annual (1888-1913, extracts) US Naval Ship Registry History of the Russian Navy HMS Warrior (1860) • Details Maritime Art • Tom Freeman Naval Ports & Dockyards of the World A History of Navigation Naval Technology Articles • More (ship & gun design technology) History of Naval Design History of U. S. Shipbuilding Contruction of Wooden Ships Development of Square-Rigged Ships Ship Capstans (design detail) Early US Steam Navy • Early USN Steamship Comparisons • Steam Propulsion History (US Navy) • History of Screw Propeller First Steam Screw Propellor (1804) Demologos, First Steam Warship (1815) Early Marine Steam Engines (1840) • More (1878) Triple-Expansion Steam Engine (details) Steam Turbines (Parsons, 1911) • Alt Sir Charles Parsons & Marine Turbines • More • Parsons Lecture on Turbines (1911) • Alt Titanic Propulsion System (recip & turbine) • More • More • Engine Model • Propellors • Engines on sister ship Britannic The Ram on 19th Century Warships Torpedo Defense Measures in Ship Design Shipbuilding in WW II (internal) Naval Weapons (overview) Naval Weapons of the World **** (1880-present) Naval Guns (USN: mid-19th century) USS Vesuvius (dynamite guns, 1890) Naval Technology (RN WW II) World Naval Technology (20th c) • Naval Weapons of the World (1880 on) • US Naval Guns • Naval Ammunition Naval Gun History (internal link) Gun Turrets • Large Turret Cutaway • Animation • 16-inch Gun Turret Operation (Training film) • 16"/50 Battleship Gun • 8" Naval Gun Operation (Training film) Evolution of Battleship Gunnery 1920-1945 US Sub Deck Armament (WW II) Bofors 40mm Anti-aircraft Gun • More • Video History of Torpedoes (Wikipedia) History of Early Torpedoes (1800-1870) • Pt. 2: Description of US Torpedoes **** (1880 to ~1976) US Navy Torpedoes (thru the '30s) • Mk 13 Torpedo (aerial) • Photo (NMUSAF) • Pt. 2: The great torpedo scandal, 1941-43 • Alt • Mark 14 Torpedo (background) • Cutaway • Problems with Mk XIV Torpedo • Pt. 3: Conventional torpedo development 1940-46 • Pt. 4: Development of homing torpedoes 1940-1944 • Pt. 5: Post-WWII Heavy Weight Torpedoes Submarine Torpedo Tubes Whitehead Torpedo History Torpedoes • Firing Procedure • US Types • Howell Torpedo (1870-1889) • British Torpedo History • H2O2 Propulsion • More • Russian Shkval Rocket Torpedo Submarine Torpedo Development (Interwar) US Torpedoes in WW II USN Mk14 Torpedo (cutaway & specs) • Images • Engine Operation • History & Problems in W II US Accoustic Torpedo (Fido, WW II) • Photo WW II Sub Torpedo Tubes (details) Anti-Torpedo Nets Torpedo Under Keel (video) • Images Aerial Torpedoes (internal) Missiles Against Ships, 1950-1990 Anti-Submarine Warfare Amphibious Warfare (internal link) History of Mine Warfare • Case Studies • "The Lesson That Never Stays Learned" The History of the Sea Mine (pdf) Torpedo [Mine] Warfare (1878) • Pt 2 Bushnell Keg Mine (c 1776) Civil War Torpedoes (Mines) US Naval Mines (images) • Mk 6 Mine Mines in the Atlantic (WW II) • More Minesweeping • More (pdf) Mine Warfare US Minesweepers (MSO) Miscellaneous History of the Russian Navy (book) • Russo-Japanese War Sinking Warships US Navy Ship Camouflage • More • More • Illustrated History • Dazzle Camouflage • More • WW II History q • WW II Patterns History of U. S Merchant Marine Naval & Military FAQs USNI Photo Archive USMC Historical Prints Return to Top
Ship Types Ships of the World (encyclopedia, all eras) World Warships 1900-1950 (by country & period) • US Navy Ships Maritime Quest (extensive!) • More • 20th Century Battleships (chronological) • Warships by Country • By Country & Type USN Ship Designations Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships • Hazegray version • w/ Photos WW II USN Ship Recognition Manual ** (ONI 222) • List of US Naval Vessels w/ Profiles Preview (ONI-54-I) • Index to All WW II Belligerents • Excerpts • United Kingdom Naval Vessels • Japanese Naval Vessels • German Naval Vessels • Italian Naval Vessels US Navy Ships, WWII (Ship Details, internal) US Navy Ship Photos ** (NavSource: history) • US Navy Ship Details Profiles (c 2000) • More US Warships, 1883-1989 (w/ profiles) • US Interwar Battleships, cruisers, destroyer US Submarine Profiles Ship Model Photos • More • More • More • FineArtModels.com (detailed) Warship Photos & Data Probert Encyclopedia of Ships Historic Naval Ships (museum ships) Capital Ships The Naming US Navy Ships Aircraft Carriers Evolution of Aircraft Carriers • Video History of US Aircraft Carriers US Navy Attack Carriers (US NHC) US Navy Aircraft Carriers Essex-class Aircraft Carriers • Details • History • Video (Top 10) • Model details List of World Aircraft Carriers (Wikipedia) Escort Carriers (ship details) • Photos • Casablanca-class • Later Classes (T3 hulls) • More (Wikipedia) • List of Escort Carriers • Life Aboard an Escort Carrier in WW II Aircraft Carrier Models Monitors & Early Battleships HMVS Cerberus (c 1870) Battleships History of Battleships • Video • Pt 2 • Pt 3 • Pt 4 World Battleships • More (stats) Pre-Dreadnought Battleships • More • US pre-Dreadnoughts • British and German pre-Dreadnoughts • HMS Agamemnon (last British pre-Dreadnought) • IJNS Mikasa (last surviving pre-Dreadnought) Dreadnought Battleships • HMS Dreadnought • More • More • Details • Diagram (2-view) • Cutaway • More The Dreadnought Race (1905-1914) HMS Warspite (1915-1946) • More HMS Royal Oak (1916-1939) USS Texas (BB-35, last WW I-era Dreadnought) • History & Details • More • More • More • More • Restoration • Photos (then & now) • Photos (2003) Battleships of WWII • UK • Germany • Japan • Analytical Comparison US Battleships (NHC) • Short History • Photos • USS Monitor to • USS Iowa • More • US Battleships (BB-1 to BB-71) • By class Evolution of US Battleship Gunnery • Pt. 2 History of US Battleships (w/ timeline) • More • Great White Fleet (1907-1909) • More • Indiana-class (BB-1 to BB-3) • Pre-Drednaughts (BB-13 to BB-17) • First Generation (USS South Carolina BB-26) • Second Generation (USS Nevada BB-36) • Third Generation (USS Iowa BB-61) US Dreadnoughts: BB-26 to BB-54 US Battleships • More • More • Links US Battleships of WWII • Size comparison • USS Iowa-class • Development • More • Video • Details • Development • Turret Tour Development of Iowa-class • Model details • 16"/50 Battleship Gun • 16 in. Gun Turret Cutaway Drawing • Animation • Cutawy of Iowa-class turret • More • Video Montana-class (never built) • More • More • Images USS Missouri Grounding (Jan 50) USS New Jersey History (documentary) • USS New Jersey transciting Panama Canal (1983) Ships Named for States End of the Battleship Era Iowa-class: Battleships or Battlecruisers? • Battleship vs. Battlecruiser (history & analysis) Battlecruisers Battlecruisers (origin & history) • More • More • Discussion • Comments • Video Battlecrusiers of the US & UK, 1902-1922 • More • Jackie Fisher History of the Invincible Class • Invincible • Inflexible • Indomitable HMS Repulse • More • Photos HMS Renown • More • Photos HMS Hood • More • Photos • Design • Battle of the Denmark Strait (May 1941) Battlecruisers Lost in Action The Search for America's Battlecruiser US "Large Cruisers" vs "Battlecruisers" Lexington-class Battle Cruisers • More Alaska-class Battle Cruisers • More • More Cruisers Cruiser (background) US Navy Cruisers (list) • Alphabetically • More History of US Cruisers • Slideshow • Photos • USS Olympia (1895) • More • More • Virtual Tour Royal Navy Cruisers Destroyers History of US Destroyers • More • Overview • US Navy Destroyer Portal • Photos (NavSource) • US Destroyers By Name • Another Flush-deck ("Four-pipe") Destroyers of WW I • APDs: High Spped Transports in WW II Fletcher-class Destroyers • More • Profile View • Armament • Video (Top 10) • Video • Cutaway • Virtual Tour (USS Kidd) • More Destroyer Armament • 5 inch/38 Mk 30 Mount Destroyer Escorts (DE) • DEs in WW II (internal) • DE Stats & Alpha List • By Hull Number w/ History ASW: WWI, WWII, Cold War Submarines History of Submarine Warfare **** (portal) Submarine in Naval War, 1901-2001 (JSTOR) • Sub Types/Classes Submarine History - 400 Years • Alt • More • More • Technical History of Submarines (video) • Saga of the Submarine (All Hands, 1967) Submarine Chronology • U.S. • World Bushnell's Submarine • David Bushnell Sub Pioneer Monturiol Sub Pioneer Simon Lake Sub Pioneer John Holland John Holland and his Submarines • USS Holland (Holland VI) • Cutaway Century of RN Subs • More Centennial of US Submarines US Sub Force History (1900-40) • 1941-45 • Cold War US Submarines (photos) • Photo essay, 1900-1940 US Sub History (Pre-Nuc) • Sub Force Stats US Sub Force Museum Submarine Recruiting Posters Loss of S-5 (1920) US Subs on China Patrol (Interwar Years) V-class Subs: Predecessor to WWII Fleet Subs US Subs of WW II (by hull number) US WW II Submarine Technology (by class) US Fleet Type Submarines in WWII (ebook) US Fleet Sub Tech Manual U.S. Fleet Submarines in WWII (Pt 1: Gato-class) • Interactive Cutaway • Systems • Systems & Procedures Virtual Sub Tour (USS Tang) • USS Pompanito • USS Ling Allied Subs in WW II (histories) Nimitz the Submariner WW II Submarine Profiles • Germany History of US Sub Design (inboard profiles) Inland Sub Construction (WW II) • Manitowoc Submarines • Moving Subs to Sea (procedures) • Sub Side Launch (image) Post-WWII Sub History (USS Irex) History of US Torpedoes History of Sub Periscopes Cold War Submarines (internal link) Submarine Films Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) • Sterling Engine • HSwMS Gotland US Minesweepers (MSO) US Navy Tankers • More US Coast Guard Cutters (profiles)	Amphibious Warfare USMC History • History Division • More • Marine Corps University Press US Marine Corps Publication Search US Marine Corps in WW II **** • More (internal) History of Amphibious Warfare • Timeline: 19th century • Guantanamo Bay • Timeline: 1901-1938 • 1901 • 1910 • 1914 • 1914: Vera Cruz • 1915: Gallipoli • More • British Beetle Landing Barges • First dedicated Troop Transport • Timeline: WW II • Guadalcanal • Sicily • Timeline: Cold War USMC Amphibious Doctrine - Gallipoli Connection US Marine Corps Historical Center Amphibious Ships (NavSource) Modern Amphibious Operations Amphibious Warfare (NROTC) Amphibious Operations (USMC CCE) Devlpmnt of US Jnt & Amphib Doctrine, 1898-1945 (pdf, 23MB) Advanced Base Ops in Micronesia (USMC, 1921) Doctrine in WW II • Evolution of Amphib Warfare, 1920-41 • Landing Ops Doctrine (FTP-167, US Navy, 1938) • Landing Ops On Hostile Shores (FM 31-5, 1941) • Naval Amphib Ops Doctrine (1941) • USMC Amphibious Doctrine (WW II summary) From Gallipoli to D-Day (BBC) Development of Amphibious Assaults in WW II Amphibious Ops, WW II (photo essay) • Pt. 2 Amphibious Warfare Photos - WW II Amphib Warfare Lessons (ppt, UTx NROTC) • Gallipoli - Pt 1 (ppt) • Pt 2 (ppt) • Interwar Years - Developing Doctrine (ppt) • Pacific Strategy & Guadalcanal (ppt) • Okinawa - 1945 (ppt) • Inchon - 1950 (ppt) • Urgent Fury - Grenada, 1982 (ppt) • Blackhawk Down - Somalia, 1993 (ppt) Amphib Warfare (U Ariz NROTC, ppt - 2 of 20) Amphibians Came to Conquer (e-book) • Amphibious Warfare Doctrine • Logistics at Guadalcanal Development of Amphibious Assault History, Amphib Tng Ctr (US Army, WW II) Combined Operations (Royal Navy) Sealion v. Overload: Planning Critique Logistics Over the Shore (LOTS) US Amphibious Warfare Ships (photo archive) US Amphibious Ships & Craft (book) Attack Cargo Ship: AKA • More • USS Rankin (AKA-103) High Speed Trasport: APD • USS Pavlic (APD-70) • More Landing Craft (portal) • Another • More • More • More • Allied Landing Craft of WW II • Landing Craft Graphic • Alt Development of Landing Craft (USMC in WW II) Landing Craft in RN (WW II, Combined Ops) Landing Craft Histories (specific classes) LST (Landing Ship, Tank) • History • History • Details • The Unloved, Unlovely, yet Indispensible LST • LST Memorial • Photos (models) • Graphic • 2-view LST-325 • History • At Normandy LST, LCT, LCI • LCA, LCVP, LCM • DUKW, LVT USN Small Landing Craft LCM (Landing Craft, Mechanized) • More LCT (portal) • Evolution (LCT => LCU) • More • More • Crew Narrative • LCT/LCU Photo Archive Landing Craft Support [LS(L)] • More • More LCPL LCVP (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel aka Higgins Boat) • Details • More • Graphic • Graphic • Components • LCVPs off to war (photos) • Photos • Photos • Patent • Higgins and the Boats That Won WW II (e-book) • Andrew Jackson Higgins (bio) • Higgins Industry • Photo • Higgins Memorial site • Alternate (cached) • D-Day Museum Army Watercraft • More • LSV Amphibious Vehicles • Portal ( US Fighting Vehicles) The DUKW • More • More (pdf) • History • DUKW (documentary) • Surf operation • Army News Video (1942) LVT (Landing Vehicle Tracked) • History • Varients • Details • More • More • Photo • More AAVTP7 Assault Amphibian (modern) Amphibious Warfare (NROTC Manual, pdf) USMC Recruiting Posters Return to Top	Merchant Shipping History of U. S Merchant Marine American Merchant Ships & Sailors (e-book) US Merchant Marine in WW I • Merchant Marine Posters • More • Merchant Ships in US Navy Service The Bridge to France (e-book) • Protecting ships from submarines • Convoys The "Hog Islander" Ship • More • More • Photo • Line Drawing Hog Island Shipyard (WW I) • More • More • More (Time, 13 Jan 1941) • Hog Island Controversy Troops Transported (1917-18) U. S. Merchant Marine in WW II • Photos Allied Merchant Navy (WW II) • Tribute to Merchant Seamen WW II Cargo Ship Technology Canadian Fort and Park-class Ships Liberty & Victory Ships (NPS Lesson) Liberty Ships • More • More • Photos • History & List of Ships • Storoes Liberty Ship Interactive Diagram • Cutaway Last of the Liberty Ships (shipbuilidng) Victory Ships Portland ME Shipyard Photos Portland Ships Are Good Ships (e-book) Shipyard Posters (WW II) How Liberty Ships Were Built Lessons Learned From LIberty Ship Program WW II Tankers T-2 Tankers • More • Details & Photos Commissioning a Navy T-3 Tanker (USS Elokomin) Concrete Ships (WW II) • WW I • SS Arthur Talbot • SS Vitruvius End of the Concrete Ships WW II Troop Ships & Crossings Armament of Merchant Ships & Small Combatants • Armament of US Merchant Ships Merchant Marine at D-Day Quotes on the Merchant Marine (WW II) US Maritime Commission Fact Sheet (22 May 45) Merchant Marine in Korea Return to Top

Return to Top

Antiquity Early Warfare Mesopotamia: Cradle of War Hellenic Warfare (comprehensive) Ancient Galleys Greek Tension Artillery Great Battles (wargames; scenarios, OBs) Alexander the Great at Issus • The Oblique Order Great Battles of Rome Roman Legion Roman Military Equipment Roman Weapons & Armor Roman Army on the Move Punic Wars (portal) Battles of the Punic Wars (portal) Rome v. Carthage Hannibal Portal Hannibal Crosses the Alps Cannae (216 BC) - excellent graphics • Wikipedia • Wargame ("Click here to CONTINUE" at bottom) • Map Metaurus (207 BC) Elephants in War Map: Roman North Africa	Middle Ages Longbow Portal English Longbow • More • More Medieval English Longbow Longbows, Arrows & Fletchers Nature of Longbow Strings Decline of the Longbow Longbow vs. Crossbow Crossbow Portal • More Crossbows: Banned • More (internal link) The Crusades (1096-1291) Third Crusade (1189, Animated Map) Mechanical Artillery • More • More • More Early Gunpowder Weapons Renaissance (14th - 16th c.) Renaissance (definition, Wikipedia) Renaissance Armies: The Spanish The Foot Soldier (14th-15th c) Infantry Combat Tactics (14th-16th c) Renaissance Battlefield Tactics Tercio (Wikipedia) Spanish Tercios (1525-1704) • Evolution & Tactics • Diagram Spanish Tercio (16th c) Hundred Years War (1337-1453) • More • Overview • Chronology Battle of Crécy (1346) • More • Documentary Video • Map • Account of the battle Battle of Agincourt (1415) • More • Documentary • Animated Map • Map Christopher Columbus (EU portal) • Voyages and Later Life Log of Christopher Columus' First Voyage War of the Roses (1455-1487) The Galley In Combat (Guilmartin) Battle of Lepanto 1571 (Guilmartin) • More (Wikipedia) Spanish Armada (1588, Guilmartin) • More (Wikipedia) • More • More • More • Image • Image • Interactive Map Drake's Great Armada Turtle Ships: First Ironclads?	17th Century Wars of the 17th Century History of the 17th Century (course outline) Seventeenth Century War Military History, late 17th c Soldier's Drill, 1660-1715 Thirty Years War (1618-1648) • More • Timeline Peace of Westphalia (1648) • Westphalian Sovereignty • Westphalian System Gustavus Adolphus & Flexible Firepower (Breitenfeld, 1631) • More Gustavus Adolphus & Dawn of Modern Warfare (pdf) France: Historical Maps 18th Century Wars of the 18th Century Warfare in the 18th Century • Summary Art of Warfare in 18th Century (translated) Frederick the Great • More Prussian Tactics (Frederick the Great) Reveries on the Art of War (Maurice de Saxe) The French Army in the 18th Century The Seven Years War (1754/56-1763) • The First Global War • aka French & Indian War • Portal • More • More • Animated Map • Battle of Leuthen ((1757) French & Indian War (e-book excerpt, pdf) • Overview Map (USMA) • More • Period Maps Battle of Quebec (cached) • More • Map (ineractive) • Map (period) • Map (USMA) Quebec Campaign (narrative) Moving Supplies in N America (1759) N America After French & Indian War (map) 18th-19th Century Arms • Weapon Photos Britain As A Military Power, 1688-1815
American Revolution American Revolution, 1701-1791 Causes of the American Revolution • More Coming of the Revolution (1754-1775) • Currency Act (1764) • Document • Quartering Act (1765) • Document • Intolerable Acts (1774) • Causes & Necessity of Taking Up Arms (6 Jul 1775) • Document American Revolution Overview • Timeline (1763-1783, LOC) American Revolution or War of Independence? British View of American Revolution (BBC) Events Leading to Independence (portal) • More Societal Impacts of the American Revolution Revolutionary War (Wikipedia) American Revolutionary War (Overview: CMH) • Phase One (thru 1776) • Alt • The Winning of Independence (1777-1783) • Alt • Map: Major Battles • Map: Campaigns • Detailed Campaigns & Battles (internal link) War for Independence, 1775-83 Wars of the Am. Revolution (essay) The American Revolution (Trevelyan, 1912) • Vol 2 • Vol 3 • Vol 4 US Army CMH Resources • Revolutionary War Bibliography Militrary History of Revolutionary War • Military & Diplomatic Course of the War • National Park Service (overview) • Library of Congress • History Hub • British Battles.com • USHistory.org (1765-1777) • Rev War Places & Things (Sons of Am Rev) • Articles Maps of the American Revolution • Animated Battle Maps American Revolution Timeline • Timeline 1775-1783 • Another • Annotated Timeline Picture Field Book of the Revolution (1850) • Volume II (Lossing) Revolutionary War Battle Sites Battles of the Revolutionary War (portal) Revolutionary War Staff Rides Paul Revere's Ride (his narrative) Writings of George Washington (e-book) Washington & Benedict Arnold Crisis (1780) Writings of Samual Adams (e-book) Founding Fathers: Young Men of Revolution Fates of the Signers of the Declaration Diplomacy in American Revolution (US DoS) Foreign Relations and the Naval War Alliance With French • Early History • People of the Alliance Strategies & Tactics • More British Grand Strategy • British Strategic Plan (map) • Alt • British Strategy (1776) • British Strategy (1777) • British Strategy (1776-77) • Howe's Blunder • British Strategy (1778-79) • British Strategy (1779-80) Washington's Strategy (letter, Sep 1776) Limiting Factors for Washington's Strategy British Planning Prior to Saratoga Rev War Strategy Case Study (NavWC) British & American Strengths & Weaknesses Battle Tactics 18h Century Warfare (Saratoga, NPS) • More (Sons of the American Revolution) Colonial Militia Tactics Rev War Unit Designations British & Colonial Unit Definitions 18th Century British Army • History • Weapons • References British First Foot Guards in N America (1776-1783) • "Scipio" (Grenidier Guards slow march - wav) Revolutionary War British OB Organization of British Army in Am Rev (e-book) Hessians: Best Army Money Could Buy • More British Articles of War (1762) The Continental Army (CMH e-book) • More (Wikipedia) State Militias • More Washington's Use of Militia •Full article Creating a Continental Army (LOC) Logistics: Why Britain Failed (JSTOR, 1976) Logistics in the Revolutionary War Supplying the Continental Army • Supply Problems During Revolution Supplying Washington's Army (CMH e-book) Feeding the Army (Cowpens) Revolutionary War Campaigns • BritishBattles.com (links to battle descriptions) War Overview & Early Campaigns (maps) Battle Timeline & Links • Another Contemporary Maps • Index Battle Maps (USMA Atlas) • War Overview Map (USMA Atlas) • War Overview Map (A B Longman) Virtual Battlefield Tours Paul Revere's Ride (map) Lexington: First Blood (April 1775) • Lexington (History of the USA, 1904) • Lexington-Concord Staff Ride (WPI ROTC) • Map • Lexington • Concord • Battle Road (interactive mural) Fort Ticonderoga (May 1775) Bunker Hill (June 1775) • Map • Background (NPS) • Lesson Plan • Bunker Hill (History of the USA, 1904) • Bunker Hill staff ride (WPI) • Massachusetts Historical Society site • Maps Battle of Bunker Hill (analysis, 1896 - JSTOR) Canadian Campaign (Sep 1775-Oct 1776) • Map Washington and the Army at Boston (1776) Northern Campaign 1775-1777 (LOC) New York Campaign of 1776 • Map • Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn) (27 Aug 1776) • More • Map • Historic Map • Battle of Harlem Heights • Map Hessians in the New York Campaign (1776) Retreat from New York (map) Christmas Campaign (Dec 1776 - Jan 1777) • Christmas Campaign Map Crossing the Delaware (Dec. 26, 1776: painting) • Updated Battle of Trenton (Dec 1776) • Map • Account Rev War Turning Point 1777-1778 (LOC) Battle of Princeton (Jan 1777) • More • More • Prelude to Battle (map) • Map of Battle • Lord Howe's After Action Report Siege of Savannah • Map Siege of Newport • Map Virtual Tour of the Revolution in 1777 Philadelphia Campaign of 1777 • Timeline Battle of Brandywine (1777) • More (WTJ) • More • More • More • More • Map • Detailed Map • Animated Map Brit Northern Campaign (June-Oct 1777) • More (overview) • More • Map (NPS) • Map (USMA) • Burgoyne's Plan • Plan execution Oriskany (Aug 1777 - NPS) Bennington (Aug 1777 - NPS) • More Battle of Saratoga (Oct 1777 - NPS) Saratoga Campaign • Map (USMA) • Setting the Stage (NPS) • Saratoga Campaign (animated map, ppt) • 1st Battle (Freeman's Farm, 19 Sep) • 2nd Battle (Bemis Heights, 7 Oct) • More (Creasy: 15 Decisive Battles) • Staff Ride (WPI ROTC) • Overview • Saratoga Staff Ride Atlas (USMA, pdf) • Detailed Description Valley Forge (Dec 1777-May 1778; portal) von Steuben: The Real Story Winter at Valley Forge Pa-NJ Campaign (May-Jul 1778, map) Battle of Monmouth (June 1778 - WPI Staff Ride) • Map Sullivan's Campaign Against Iroquois (1779) Southern Phase 1778-1781 (NPS) • LOC • Southern Campaign (animated map, ppt) • Timeline War in the South (maps): 1780 • 1781 Nathanael Greene (1742-1786) • More • More Greene's Southern Campaign (JSTOR) Greene's 1781 Campaign (Smithsonian) Greene's Southern Campaign & Mobile War Irregular Warfare in the South Papers of Gen. Nathanael Greene (review) Nathanael Greene & Civil-Military Relations Battle of Cowpens (Jan 1781) • More • More • Cowpens: America's Cannae • Map • British Attack • Counterattack • Daniel Morgan • John Edgar Howard • Cowpens Staff Ride • Army CGSC version • pdf • Virtual Battlefield Tour Battle of Guilford Courthouse (Mar 1781) • NPS • More (wargame) • Map • Virtual Battlefield Tour Alliance With French • Early History • People of the Alliance French Forces in America French Finances & the Am Rev (JSTOR) Lafayette's Virginia Campaign • Map Washington's March to Yorktown • Map Washington, Rouchambeau and the Yorktwon Campagn • Routes of Americans & British to Yorktown (map) Va. Campaign & Siege of Yorktown (CMH) • Siege of Yorktown (NPS) • Victory at Yorktown (Google book, 2004) • Military History Encyclopedia on the Web • US History.com • History of the USA, 1904 • British Battles.com • Yorktown (e-book) • Battle of Yorktown • Period Map • Map (USMA) Yorktown & Battle of Virginia Capes • More (internal link) View of Cornwallis's Surrender at Yorktown The World Turned Upside Down (surrender details) Yorktown: Articles of Capitulation Eyewitness to Yorktown Why Cornwallis Lost at Yorktown How A Revolution Saved An Empire (NY Times) Tactics & Weapons of the Revolution Weapons of the Revolution • Muskets • Flintlock Rifles • Brown Bess (American Rifleman) • History of War.org • Wikipedia • The Charleville • More • The Ferguson Rifle (Brit) • Wikipedia • Details & Photos • Specs • Bayonets The "Browning" of Musket Barrels Musket Drill • Film clip Artillery • More • More Weapons Technology (bibliography) Soldier Life (portal) Revoutionary War Soldier Uniforms of the Revolution (cached) The Minutemen British Grenadiers Revolutionary War Medicine Treatment of American POWs Revolutionary War Home Front (LOC) Society of the Cincinnati • Homepage Naval History of the Revolution (e-book, 1913) • Alt The War at Sea (History of the USA, 1904) Continental Navy (Mariners' Museum) US Naval Historical Ctr Resources Esek Hopkins, First US Admiral Ships of the American Revolution US Navy OB 1776 Ships of the Continental Navy John Paul Jones • Biography • Biography • John Paul Jones Commemoration (1907; e-book) Journal of John Paul Jones (extracts) Whitehaven Raid (1778) • More (w/ photos & map) Cruise Around the British Isles (1779) • Map Battle of Flamborough Head (23 Sep 1779) • Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis • Detail • More • More • More (scoll to "Serapis") • Battle Map • Animated Map • Google Earth Map Penobscot Expedition (1779) • Map • More • More • More • More (w/ maps) • Naval Historical Center • Samual Adams on Penobscot Expedition • Paul Revere Diary Accouint • Other Accounts Battle of the Virgina Capes (Sept 1781) • More • More • More • Map US Marines in Revolution (prints) Analogies: Am Revolution & Vietnam War Historians and the Mil History of the Am Rev Modern Historians Confront Am Revolution Lewis & Clark Expedition • Journals • More • More Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail • Detailed Map Battle of Tippecanoe (Nov 1811) Return to Top	US Naval War with France History of the US Navy 1775-1890 Franco-American Diplomacy (!778-1843) Quasi-War With France, 1791-1800 • More (Wikipedia) • More (US DoS) • Documents (Avalon Project) • More (Napoleon Series) Alexander Hamilton and the Quasi War Privateers in War With France US Navy History, 1787-1801 War With France: Linked Timeline Constitutiion vs. La sVengeance (1800) Thomas Jefferson on Napoleon Bonaparte Louisiana Purchase Barbary Wars Barbary Wars (overview) • Background • More First Barbary War 1801-1805 •Wikipedia • More • Early American Review Causes & Conduct of the First Barbary War Victory in Tripoli: Lessons for War on Terror • Counterpoint How Did the US Defeat the Barbary Pirates? Jefferson and the Corsairs of the Mediterranean Jefferson Versus the Muslim Pirates America and Muslim Pirates Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror • More • More Treaties With the Barbary States • Documents Details on the Barbary Wars (blog) Stephen Decatur & USF Philadelphia • More • Philadelphia images • Map, Tripoloi Harbor Jefferson's Gunboat Navy Jefferson on the Need For a Navy French Revolution French Revolution • Timeline of the Revolution • More History of the French Revolution • Pt 2 French Revolutionary Wars • Timeline of the Revolutionary Wars Napoleon In the Revolution Levée en masse • Text The First Coaliton (1792-97) • More The Second Coaliton (1798-1801) Napoleon in Egypt (1799) • More Peace of Amiens (1801) Napoleon Takes Charge Revolution: Linked Outline (extensive!) Napoleonic Europe Influence of the Napoleonic Revolution Age of Fighting Sail Timeline Warfare in the Age of Sail Naval Warfare Overview (Calvert) History of Navigation Maritime Core Knowledge Portal Nautical Terms • More Anatomy of a Man-of-War Sail Configurations • More • More • Sail & Mast Nomenclature • Sailing Ship Rigging (history & discussion) • Details • Full-Rig Ship • Barque • Schooner • Sloop Royal Navy Ship Rating System (Napoleonic Wars) • Sloop-of-War British Naval Supremacy (essay) Royal Navy, 1793-1815 Naval Strategy & Tactics (c 1805, essay) Life in the 18th-century Royal Navy • More • More • More RN During Napoleonic Wars • More Broadside (Nelson's Navy Portal) • Armament • Frigate Engagement (narrative) Nelsonian Battle Tactics • More Naval Strategy & Tactics (circa 1805) Nelsonian History Napoleonic War Naval Combat (French) Naval Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797) Battle of the Nile (Aboukir Bay, 1798) • More • More • Chronicle & images Naval Battles of the Napoleonic Wars Prelude to Trafalgar (Cape Finisterre, July 1805) • History of War.org The Trafalgar Campaign (History of War.org) Napoleon & England • Pt II The Invasion Scare (1805) • Nelson rejoins fleet French Plans Prior to Trafalgar Battle of Trafalgar • Wikipedia • History of War.org • Nelson's Navy.com • HistoryNet • More • About.com • Guardian Unlimited (interactive) • BBC Trafalgar Animated Map (BBC) Trafalgar - British OB Naval Strategy & Tactics (c 1805) • Ships of the Royal Navy at time of Trafalgar Nelson's Tactics at Trafalgar HMS Victory • More • Wikipedia • About.com • HMS Victory Photos • More (circa 1900) • HMS Victory Documentary Video • Victory vs. Le Redoutable: Comparison Le Redoutable at Trafalgar (captain's narrative) Santisima Trinidad (plans) Admiral Collingwood's After Action Report Trafalgar After Action (image & description) Trafalger and the Balance of Power Long-Term Impact of Trafalgar Admiral Horatio Nelson • Nelson (National Archives, UK) • Nelson at Trafalgar (HistoryNet) • Nelson & Sea Power (esssay) The Life of Horatio Lord Nelson (e-book) • Alternate (continuous text) Nelson and the Royal Navy Nelson: Letters & Dispatches French Commander: Admiral Villeneuve Royal Marine on HMS Belleisle (narrative) • Belleisle artwork Finale to Trafalgar (Cape Ortegal, 3 Nov 1805) Fighting Sail Resources • Naval Chronology, 1793-1815 • Ship Types Construction of Wooden Ships Economics & Politics of Naval Timber Trade, 1776-1786 French Frigate Hermione (reconstruction) RN Infrastructure Facilities The Gunboat War (Britain v. Denmark, 1807-1814) • More • More Algerine Pirates & Birth of US Navy • Naval Act of 1794 • Text US Super Frigates • More • Knox, Humphreys and the Super Frigates The Frigates (Great Ship video series) Old Ironsides Goes to Sea (Great Ship video series) Building a 44-gun Frigate (US) US Frigates in War of 1812 (internal link) Naval Guns (internal link) Saturation Bombing & Chemical War (c 1812) • Alt Nautical Glossary • More RN Ships, 1780s to 1840s War of 1812 War of 1812 • Canadian Campaigns • Napoleon Guide (causes & overview) • Royal Scots Grenadiers.com • War overview map • Calvert (detailed) • Livingston (outline) • War of 1812 Casebook • Articles • Center for Military History (e-book excerpt) • Named Campaigns, War of 1812 (CMH) • War of 1812 Links • History Central (battles) • Galafilm (Canadian) • The Northern Campaign (Ontario Archive) • History of War Online • War of 1812-14 Portal • Battles • Summary • War of 1812 Bicentennial Site • Timeline War of 1812 (Goebel, Vectorsite) Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812 (e-book) War of 1812: C³ & Strategies • More War Documents • More Origins of the War of 1812 Causes of the War of 1812 • More • More Origins of the War of 1812 Origins of the War of 1812 (John Quincy Adams) Origins of the War of 1812: Changing Interpretations (JSTOR, 1941) The Chesapeake Affair (1807) • pdf War With the US (Canadian view; causes) President Madison and the War of 1812 • More The Continental System • More Significance of the War of 1812 Debate on the Naval Establishment (1812) Naval Reinterpretation of War of 1812 War of 1812 Timeline • Another • Another • Timeline: Causes & Events War of 1812 & European Wars Military History of the War of 1812 War of 1812 Campaign Maps Patuxent Amphibious Campaign (1814) Battle of Bladensburg (Aug 1814) Attack on Washington (contemporary reports) The Burning of Washington • Wikipedia Battle of Baltimore (North Point, Sept 1814) • Battle of North Point • Animated Map • More • More • More • More • Battle Details • Map • OB • Defense Plans (JSTOR) • More • Details • US Commander's Report • British Commander: MGen Robert Ross • British View • Attack launched from Bermuda Fort McHenry History • Aerial photo • Defense of Fort McHenry (13-14 Sep 1814) • NPS Historical Pamphlet • Rockets • Bombs • History & Culture (NPS) • Wikipedia • Overview • More • More • The Troops • US Naval Forces • Supporting Defenses & Armament • Virtual Tour • Detailed Diagram • Map • Teaching Resources • Star Spangled Banner • Old Music New Orleans Campaign (detailed, c 1867) • Part 2 • Timeline • Map Battle of New Orleans (8 Jan 1815) • More • More • More • Detailed (scroll to p 98) • More • Map • Detailed • Period Map • Battle of New Orleans (T Roosevelt) • Impact of Battle of Faial • Virtual Battlefield Tour • Song (music & lyrics) Treaty of Ghent (Dec 1814/Feb 1815) • More 17th Regiment of Foot (US) Weapons of the War of 1812 Primer on 19th c Warfare (Calvert) Infantry Maneuver Manual (1812) Forts of the War of 1812 War of 1812 At Sea (USN Historical Ctr) • Mor The Navy in the War of 1812 (gunboats) • doc Sea Power in Relation to War of 1812 (Mahan) Naval Operations 1812 • 1813 • 1814 British View: Naval War of 1812 Naval Actions on the Great Lakes Battle of Lake Erie • More • Building the Squardon Brig Jefferson (Lake Ontario) US Super Frigates • More USS Chesapeake (history) Chesapeake vs. Shannon • Images • The Fate Chesapeake USS United States USS Constitution • More • More • More • Timeline • Battle Documents • Construction Details • Video • Photos • Virtual Tour • 200th Anniversary • More • Photos • USS Constitution during Civil War Constitution vs. Guerriere USS Constellation Hull Design (National Archives) Pacific cruise of USS Essex (1812-1814) Battle of Faial (Fayal, Sep 1814) • More • Poem • Impact on Battle of New Orleans • Capt. Samuel Reid • More • History of the Wonderful Battle ..." (Reid, 1893) • Alt • After Action Report (pdf) • Privateer Brig General Armstrong • More Privateers in War of 1812 (General Armstrong) Battle of Faial (scroll to pp 183-89, "But most notable ... ") • Alt (pp 136-41) Loss of USS President (Jan 1815) Creek War, 1813-1814 Creek War (1813-14) • More Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Mar 1814 - NPS) Return to Top	Napoleonic Wars • USMA Maps The French Army 1600-1900 • The Revolutionary Army • The Napoleonic Imperial Army Napoleonic Wars • Webring Napolean: Background & History (Ch 4) • Tactics • Empire Maps • Links • Bonaparte Timeline (1769-1879) Napoleon: His Impact and His Army (***) • Alt • Alt • Revolutionary Army • Napoleonic Imperial Army • La Marseillaise* (music) The Life of Napoleon (illustrated) • International Napoleon Society (e-book) • Memoirs of Napoleon by Bourrienne (e-book) • Polygraphicum.de (illustrations) • History of War (Rickard) • Wikipedia • History World.net • LaborLawTalk Dictionary • PBS • Rise & Fall of Napoleon (ThinkQuest) • History Channel • Napoleon Series • Channel4 (UK) • Rise & Fall of Napoleon (ThinkQuest) • Timeline • Circumstances of Napoleon's Death Napoleonic Wars • Nations Involved • Oxford Companion to Military History • The Wars of Napoleon (Google book) • Napoleonic War Summary (WTJ) • Timeline (Timelines.info) • History of War.org (Rickard) • Invasions of the Great French Wars (1792-1815) • Napoleonic War Images • Artwork • War Times Journal • The Napoleonic Guide • Napoleonic Alliance • Military History Encyclopedia on the Web • Wikipedia • History Guide • Channel4 (UK) • Guide to Napoleon's Empire • Rise & Fall of Napoleon (ThinkQuest) • M. Anderson (Fortune City) • eHistory (cached) • Military Heritage.com • SolarNavigator - Battle of Waterloo • HistoryNet.com The Napoleon Series • Index • Military Articles • Battle & Treaty Listing • Campaigns & Battles • Organization, Strategy & Tactics • Map Archives • Virtual Battlefields • Politics & Diplomacy • Life of Napoleon • Bibliotheca Napoleonic Literature (portal) • Napoleonic History Menu Napoleonic Wars Web Ring Napoleon Site (French; great artwork) Napoleon Site (English; bad translation) Napoleon: Correspondence (1797-1815) Continental System Napoleonic Warfare (Oxford US Mil History) Napoleon's Army (scroll down) Origins of Napoleonic Warfare British Army During Napoleonic Wars • Organization of the British Infantry History of the 95th (Rifle) Regiment History of the Grenadier Guards (reenactors) Prussian Army During Napoleonic Wars • Prussian Infantry • Infantry Organization & Tactics • Prussian Artillery Napoleonic Strategy (Wikipedia) Fr Military Institutions before Franco-Prussian War Levée en Masse • Text Organization of Forces (Napoleonic series, index) • Grande Armée & Military Innovation • Thumbnail • Development of The Corps D'Armée • Evolution of General Staff (1795-1815) • Evolution of French Doctrine (1792-1815) • Organization: French Infantry Demi-Brigade (1793) Innovation in the Napoleonic Era History of the Imperial Guard • Infantry of the Imperial Guard (detailed) Napoleon's Use of His Imperial Guard Grande Armée (Wikipedia) French Corps (Wikipedia) Batallion Care Orders of Battle: Grande Armée • OB: X Corps de la Grande Arme in 1812 Napoleon, Operation Art & Jena Campaign Napoleonic War and Logistics • pdf Napoleon as a Commander: Limits of Genius Bataillon Garde Marsch (audio) La Victoire est à nous (audio) Napoleon's Campaigns • Timeline • Napoleon's Campaigns (Wikipedia) • Battles • More • Campaigns & Battles (PBS) • Napoleonic Campaigns (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911) Campaign Maps (USMA Atlas) • Napoleon Series Map Archives Italian Campaign (1796-1797) Egyptian & Syrian Campaigns (1798-1799) Major Battles of the Napoleonic Wars (1805-1814) • History of the Period Napoleon & England • Pt II Plans to invade England (1797-1798) Plans to invade England (1803-1805) • More (BBC) Napoleon at the Boulogne Camp (1805) • e-book, 1907 • Reenactment video French Plans Prior to Trafalgar Battle of Trafalgar (internal link) War of the Third Coalition (1805) Ulm-Austerlitz Campaign of 1805 Prelude to Austerlitz Napoleon at Austerlitz (1805) Battle of Austerlitz (Dec 1805) • Map • Austerlitz (Intr'l Napoleon Society) • HistoryNet.com • Austerlitz Animated Map • Austerlitz Reenactment Photos Austerlitz and Jena Prussian Campaign of 1806 Scharnhorst, Prussian Reformer • More Battle of Heilsburg (1807; tactics) The Peninsular War • More Peninsular War (1807-14) • Battles The War in Spain (1808-1814) • The First Guerilla War Wellington: Peninsula & Waterloo Napoleon's Total War Aspern-Essling (April 1809) • Map Battle of Bussaco (1810, pdf) Soldier of the Seventy-first (British soldier, 1810) Disasters of War (Goya print series) Napoleon in Russia (1812) • 1812 Overture • Napoleon on Why He Would Not Attack Russia (1811) • Napoleon's Campaign in Russia Anno 1812 (e-book) • Overview (Wikipedia) • March to Moscow • More • More • Images • La Grande Armée of 1812 in Russia Napoleon in Russia (logistical analysis) Advance into Russia (details) Russian Campaign (animated map) Napoleon's Campaign in Russia (e-book) Battles in Russia (w/ map) Battle of Borodino (Sep 1812) • Wikipedia • More • Commanders' Comments • Campaign prior to Borodina • Panarama & Map • Virtual Battle of Borodino • Comparing Battles of Gettysburg & Borodino • pdf • Video from "War & Peace" (1967) Napoleon in Moscow • More (Moscow fire) Napoleon's Retreat From Moscow • More • Crossing the Berezina River • Map 1 • Map 2 • Battle of Berezina (Nov 1812) • Building the Bridges at Berezina • Russian Campaign Artwork • Losses of Grande Armée (Minard Map) Lessons Learned From Russian Campaign Why Did Napoleon Fail in Russia in 1812? Minard: Russian Campaign (graphic) • Overview • Map - Large Scale (translated) • Translations & Interpretations • Graphic Overlaid on Europe (w/ mouse overs) • More • Variations Russian Army During Napoleonic Wars Wars of Liberation (1813-1814) Battle of Leipzig ("Battle of Nations," Oct 1813) • Wikipedia • More Battle of Paris (March 1814) The Hundred Days ( 20 Mar - 8 Jul 1815 ) • More Actually 111 days War of the Seventh Coalition • More Waterloo Campaign • Map • The Campaign of Waterloo (e-book) • Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Prelude to Waterloo • Map • Quatre Bras (June 16, 1815) • More • More • Ligny (June 16, 1815: Napoleon's last victory) Disputed Passages: Campaign of 1815 (JSTOR) Waterloo Campaign Map (USMA) • Movements, June 17-18 • Another (unit details) • Brussles & Vicinity (Movements to June 16) • Quatre-Bras & Ligny (June 16, 1815) • Situation, morning of June 18, 1815 Battle of Waterloo • Detail • Map • Guide to Waterloo Battle (C 1915) • Contents • Battlefield Background ; • Battle Chronology • Detailed battle synopsis w/map ** • BritishBattles.com (maps & images) • History of War.org (Rickard: synopsis) • Waterloo Battlefield • Chronology • Battle Details & 3D Map • Analysis of French Defeat • Napoleonic Guide • Creasy (1815) • BBC • Napoleon at Waterloo Game • Historical Note on Battle of Waterloo • Battlefield Terrain Walk • Hougoumont Farm • Haie Sainte Farm • More (pdf) • Charge of the Scots Greys (art, Elizabeth Butler) • Scots Greys • More • Video: Opening Moves • Pt 2 • From 1970 movie, "Waterloo" (Steiger & Plumber) • Ordinary Cavalryman's View • French Guard at Waterloo (cached) Waterloo Battle Maps: 1000 hours (USMA) • 1600 hours • 1930 hours • Situation: 1115 hrs (detailed map) • 1945 hrs • Battle situation, 1900 hours (unit details) • Another • Animated Map • Interactive Game (BBC) • Battle Simulator (PBS) • Summary Map (Wikipedia) • Sharper Waterloo Mocumentary (Art of War video, 5 parts) • Another version (true aspect ratio) • British Squares vs. French cavalry • Investigative Documentary (5 parts) Three Armies, Three Commanders The Duke of Wellington (BBC) • More • Wellington As Soldier • Wellington on Waterloo Comparison of Wellington & Bonaparte Controversy Over Prussian Role • Prussian Pursuit of French After Waterloo Why Napoleon Lost • More French OB • British OB • Prussian OB Uniforms of Waterloo • French Line Infantry • International Uniforms Prussian Army 1815 Women at Waterloo Waterloo Today • Lion Hill How Waterloo Shaped Europe (Stratfor video) Prussian Pursuit of French After Waterloo The Race to Paris (Prussians vs. British) Napoleon After Waterloo Napoleon's Surrender • Video Commentary Napoleon at St. Helena • Map • Comments from an aide • Napoleon in Exile • More • Reports of Russian Commissioner to St. Helena • Description of Napoleon at St. Helena • St. Helena: 'Cursed Rock' of Napoleon's Exile Return of Napoleon's Body to France (1840) Logistical Statistics • Conscription Napoleonic War Casualties • Details Napoleonic Era Weapons & Tactics** Napoleonic Strategy & Tactics • Alt Napoleon's Failures & Defeats Napoleon & Maneuver Warfare (Harmon lecture) • 100 Days Campaign French Infantry: Napoleonic Wars • Organization & Tactics (superb!) • War Times Journal • Channel 4 (UK) • Age of Musket (French Revolutionary War tactics) • Peninsula War tactics Napoleonic Wars Infantry Tactics • Pt. 2 • More Tactics (Pt. 1) • Pt. 2 • Lines • Columns • Squares against cavalry (click link) • Video • Skirmishers Forming Square Battalions French Army Tactics 1807 (eyewitness) Napoleonic Artillery (e-book) • Artillery Tactics & Combat • More • More • War Times Journal • Rickard French Artillery in 1807 The Artillery of System An XI Artillery Train of the Guard: 1800-1815 French Artillery, 1789-1790 Napoleonic Cavalry Tactics Armies, Battles, Tactics (cached) • Napoleonic Infantry • More • Imperial Guard • Napoleonic Artillery • Images • Mobile Forge • Napoleonic Cavalry • Infantry Tactics • Pt 2 • Pt 3 • Pt 4 • Artillery Tactics • Cavalry Tactics • Pt 2 • Pt 3 Infantry Tactics (1803-1814) Resurrecting the Lancers Flags of the Napoleonic Wars Legacies of the Napoleonic Revolution Bonapartists in America (1815-1850) Congress of Vienna • Tutorial Europe 1815-1848 (animated map)

Return to Top

American Civil War

History of the Civil War (Rhodes, 1917)

History of Civil War: 1861-1862 (Jensen) ****
• 1863-65 ****

The American Civil War (Goebel) ****

Battles & Leaders of the Civil War **** (4 vol)

Complete History of Great Rebellion (1881)

War of the Rebellion: Official Records

Books on the Civil War (Google) • More

Summary of Civil War (Mil History Companion)
   • Reader's Companion to Military History
   • Civil War: An Overview (Grimsley)
   • More

Naming the American Civil War
• Naming the Battles & Armies

Civil War Portals • List of Topics • Battles
   • Jensen's Guide to the Civil War
   • NY Times Topics
   • PBS • Facts Page
   • History of War.org (Rickard)
   • Civil War SuperPortal (David P. Smith)
   • Civil War 101 (teaching resources)
   • The War for States' Rights
   • American Civil War.com
   • Shotgun's Civil War Portal (Civil War Home)
      • Civil War Potpourri
   • e-history (Ohio State) • Articles
   • VectorSite
   • MilitaryHistory.About.com
   • Answers.com (Overview)
   • American Civil War Homepage (Hoemann)
   • Civil-War.ws
   • War Times Journal
   • Civil War Homepage (Civil-War.net)
   • Civil War Web • Papers & Articles
   • Civil War@Smithsonian
      • Weapons • Soldiering • Cavalries
   • Military History Online
   • Son of the South.net
   • CliffsNotes

US Civil War FAQ
• Short Summaries

Civil War Quotations

Civil War Narrative Bibliography (NPS)

Civil War Documents & Books Portal (cached)

Civil War Resources Mark Grimsley, OSU

Civil War Historical Documents

Confederate Military History

Essays on the Civil War

Secession (Southern View) • More

The Gathering Tempest (1854-60)

Both Sides Claimed George Washington

Causes of the Civil War (Richard Jensen)
   • James F. Epperson
   • William L. Barney, US Mil History Companion
   • Documents • Consequences
   • Civil War History.com (Southern View)
   • MililtaryHistory.About.com
   • Univ. of Pittsburg (Political & Social Origins)
   • Montgomery College (Craig Livingston)
   • Wikipedia

THe "Needless War" Doctrine

Cornerstone Speech (Alexander H. Stephens)
• Analysis (Wikipedia)
• Contemporary News Account (Wikisource)

Causes & Consequences (1864, e-book)
• Alt

Causes of the Civil War (The Four Traditions)

How Slavery Ended in America

Comparison Between N & S • More
• Economies of North & South
• US Population 1860 (by state, free & slave)

Home Front Balance Sheet (1861, Richard Jensen)

America on the Eve of the Civil War (PBS)

Why the War Came

First Shots? (Before Sumter, Jan 1861)

Fort Sumter, SC (3rd System fort)
• Fort Sumter National Monument (NPS e-booklet)

Crisis at Fort Sumter • Background

Road to Fort Sumter

Civil War Timeline (linked)
   • Civil-War.net (very detailed)
   • Civil War Homepage (day-by-day, linked)
   • Library of Congress
   • Key Events of Civil War (Feldmeth)
   • Spartacus (w/ battles)
   • History Place
   • US History (East, West - linked)
   • Department of the Interior
   • American-At-War.net
   • American Civil War.com

Political Party Timeline (1836-1864)
• Shifting Political Landscape (maps)
• Video Timeline

Images of the Civil War (internal link)

New York Times, 1860-66

Harper's Weekly, 1861-65
• Background • Cartoons

Newspaper Opinions

Campaign & Battle Maps (USMA)
   • Civil War Campaign Maps (PBS)
   • Library of Congress
   • American Civil War.com    • Civil War Maps (archived)
   • Civil War Maps By State
   • Civil War Maps & Charts (period) • More • More

Army Ctr for Military History

Official Records, War of the Rebellion
• Index • Atlas • Alternate Source

Official Records of Both Armies (on-line)

McLean - Present at Beginning & End

Picketline (analytical essays)

Quotations on the Civil War

Civil War Terminology • More
• Pictionary

Naming the War • Names • Discussion

Naming Civil War Battles

British Officer's View of Confederacy

Abraham Lincoln Online

Lincoln's Extension of Exec Powers

Lincoln, Baltimore & Domestic Politics (e-book, c 1887)

Lincoln As Commander-In-Chief

Lincoln As Leader (NY Times, 27 Jan 13)

Quotes by Abraham Lincoln • More

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln Meets Confederates (Feb 1865)

Eyewitness to the Civil War (narratives)

Emancipation: Military Necessity? (Grimsley)

Emancipation Proclaimation (text)

The Civil War & International Diplomacy (DoS)
   • Preventing Recognition of the CSA
   • Trent Affair - Tension With Britain
   • The Alabama Claims

Diplomacy of the Civil War
• US Mil History Companion (pp. 134-38)
• US History.com

The American Question Abroad (CivilWarHome)

Cotton Diplomacy (Livingston) • Overview

Civil War Turining Points: European View

US-Russian Treaty

Great Britain and the American Civil War (e-book)

A World on Fire (UK-US relation, review)

British Sympathies in Civil War (JSTOR)

Slavery As A Diplomatic Issue (JSTOR, 1945)

Confederate Diplomacy (JSTOR, 1966)

Civil War Diplomatic Sites in London

Military & Diplomatic Course of the War

Strategic Overview (Grimsley)
• Synopsis
• Overview of Civil War Strategies (map)

Civil War Armies (portal)

Civil War Strategy & Tactics
   • Civil War Home
   • More (RCMH - cashed)
   • Middle Tennessee State U (summary)
   • Millitary Art in the Civil War
   • Northern Strategy • Southern Strategy
   • Command & Strategy (book review)

Mobility & Strategy in the Civil War

Clausewitz, Jomini & the US Civil War

Union Strategy (map - PBS) • More

Developing The Union Strategy (eHistory)

North/South Strengths/Weaknesses

North-South Balance Sheet

Development of Union Strategy

Union Grand Strategy (lesson plan)

First Civil War Strategy (Anacoda Plan)

Simultaneous Attack Strategy (1864)

Attrition Strategy

Confederate Vision & Strategy

Southern Strategy

Confederate Tide Rising (Strategy, 1861-62)

Taken at the Flood (Confed Strategy, 1862)

Strategy of the Civil War Leaders

Impact of Napolean on S & T

Why Lee Invaded Maryland (1862)

Strategy for the Gettysburg Campaign
• Logistics for the Gettysburg Campaign

Gettysburg's Decisive Battle (Mil Review, 2004)

Developing Campaigns: Op Art in the Civil War

Origins of Modern Warfare: Ideas, Organization
• More

U.S. Grant and Operations

Interior Lines of Communication • More

Military Art in the Civil War

Why a War of Attrition

The Operations of War (1869, e-book)

Organization of the Armies (internal)

Command & Control in Civil War

A Prussian Observes the American Civil War
• Overview • Lessons Learned

Civil War In4 (4 min. videos on CW topics)

Evolution of Civil War Tactics (staff ride)

US Army, 1846-1861 (Grimsley)

US Regulars Archive (tactics portal)
   • Casey's Infantry Tactics (1862; e-book)
   • History of US Infantry Tactics (1855-65)
   • Instruction for Field Artillery (1861; e-book)
   • Cooke's Cavalry Tactics (1862; e-book)
   • On the Tactical Use of Three Arms (1865)

Civil War Tactics • Outline • More

Evolution of CW Tactics (Jomini impact) • More

Impact of Weapons on Tactics (Jensen)
• Video • Video • Video

Infantry Tactics (US Army, 1861)

Influence of Napoleon on Civil War Strategy & Tactics
• Tactics: Napoleonic Era vs. US Civil War
• Attacking Artillery Batteries: Napoleonic v Civil Wars

Innovations in Infantry Tactics 1850-1865

Civil War Tactics in Perspective

Civil War Infantry Tactics (WTJ)

Civil War Infantry Assault Tactics (JSTOR)

Military Art [tactics] in US Civil War

Rifled Musket Tactics • More • More

Sharpshooters • Sharpshooter Uniforms

Civil War Cavalry • More (NPS)

US Army Cavalry Tactics (1862)

Cavalry Tactics: Civil War & Europe • More

Evolution of the Field Artillery Battery (pdf)

Artillery Deployment at First Bull Run (pdf) • Alt

Civil War Artillerists
   • Henry Jackson Hunt, USA
   • Edward Porter Alexander, CSA
   • Stephen D. Lee, CSA
   • John Pelham, CSA

Union Deception

Industrial Revolution & Warfare
• Evolution of Modern Warfare
• Impact & Major Trends

Technology & the Am Civil War (Mil Review, 2004)

The First Modern War

Civil War & Industrial Revolution

Civil War Technology (Tennessee)

CW Technology - Old, New, Expmtl

Civil War Tech: What Was In & Out

Military Developments in the War

Weapons & Ships (photos)

Technological Innovation & Weapons (portal)

Civil War Weapons (overview) • Outline • Clipart
• More • More • Smithsonian Institution

Grenades in the Civil War

Civil War Era Firearms • More • More • More
   • Civil War Firearms (e-book) • Guns of the Civil War
   • Civil War Small Arms (Anglefire)
   • Small Arms (National Park Service)

Guns of the Civil War (video)

Rifles vs. Smoothbores (use of buck & ball)

Rifled Muskets (loading instructions)

Spencer Rifle

Rapid-Fire Guns of the American Civil War

Gatling Gun (internal link) • In Civil War

Civil War Artillery (NPS)

Introduction to Civil War Artillery (ehistory)

Civil War Artillery (technical)

Civil War Artillery
   • Basics & Terminology • Characteristics
   • 12-pound Field Guns (including Napoleons)
   • Rodmans & Confederate Columbiads
      • More    • More
      • Rodmans at Fort McHenry, 1840-1865
   • Brooke Rifles & Smoothbores
   • Dahlgren Rifles & Guns
   • Parrott Rifles • More • Projectiles
   • Civil War Forts & Batteries
   • Siege Artillery

Civil War Artillery (models) • More

Civil War Naval Ordnance (history)

Federal & Confedrate Arms Manufacturers

Civil War Arms & Equipmt (Nat Archieves) • Pt 2

West Point Foundry • pdf

Tredegar Iron Works • More

Gun Inventors
   • Thomas Rodman • Alt • Alt
   • Admiral John A. B. Dahlgren • More
   • Robert P. Parrott • Obituray

Signal Corps in Civil War
• Signal Flags

Beardslee Telegraph Machine

Military Telegraph Service • More • Portal

Code-Breaking in the Civil War

Balloons in the Civil War • More
   • T. S. C. Lowe Narrative
   • Balloon over Yorktown
   • Proposal: Balloons for Bombing (cached)

Civil War Photographs **** (The Atlantic) • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3
• HistoryNet.com • Soldiers • Destruction • More
• Library of Congress • More

Mathew Brady & Impact of Photography
• Brady's Photo Gallery (Smithsonian)
• Brady's Photos of Antietam Dead

Battlefield War Council (Timothy O'Sullivan)

Civil War Art (Don Troiani) • Battle Scenes

Civil War Times Archives

Civil War History Archives

America's Civil War Archives

Civil War Photographs (NARA)

Civil War Talk Web Rings

Bloody Crucible of Courage
(book review, evolution of tactics)

American Civil War - Land

American Military History 1861 (CMH, 2005)
• 1862 • 1863 • 1864-5

War of the Rebellion (official reports) • eHistory
   • Accompaning Atlas (index) • Individual Plates
   • Costliest Battles • Casualty Figures
   • Full document

Civil War Armies (portal)

The Union Army in the Civil War

Organization of the Armies • More • More
   • More • More • More • More • More
   • Union Army Generic Organization (graphic) • More
      • Tactics • More • More • More    • More • More

Campaign & Battle Maps (USMA) • More
   • Jespersen's Wikipedia Civil War Maps
   • American Civil War.com
   • Battle Maps • More (PBS) • Animated Maps
   • Map: Union Control 1861-65 (CMH)
   • Map: Areas of Operation (CMH)
      • Eastern Theater (CMH)     • Basic Map (USMA)
   • Civil War GIS Maps
   • Civil War Battlefield Virtual Tours
   • Battlefield Panaramic Photos

Civil War Overview (campaign thumbnails)
   • List of Battles (Wikipedia)
   • Encyclopedia Britannica
   • Civil War at a Glance
      • Major Campaigns of the War (USMA map)
      • EasternTheater • Western Theater
      • Union Strategy in West (w/ map)
   • Civil War Prelude (animated map, ppt)
   • Civil War Overview (animated map, ppt)
   • War in the East, 1862 (animated map, ppt)
   • Battles & Leaders of the Civil War (1887)
   • Battlefields (NPS)
   • Battle Guide (RCMH)
   • Major Battles (excellent graphics!)
      • By State • More • More
   • Civil War Unit DB
   • Battle Statistics and Thumbnails

Battlefield Links (Click "History") • More

Battles by Campaign (NPS)

Battle Summaries (NPS) • By State `

War in the Western Theater (e-book)

Virtual Battlefield Tours

Civil War Staff Rides

First Blood (Baltimore, April 19, 1861)
• Federal Hill in Civil War

Virginia in the Civil War
• Battles in Virginia (index map, 1861-65)
• Map of Battles in Virginia (1892, detailed 2.9 MB)

History of the Army of the Potomac

Washington Defenses (NPS, e-book)
• Interactive Map (NPS)

Manassas to Appomatox (Longstreet)

Manassas Campaigns (NPS) • Battles (NPS)

First Manassas/Bull Run (21 Jul 1861) • NPS • More
• First Manassas Campaign Map • CMH • More
• First Bull Run Staff Guide • PDF

Artillery at 1st Bull Run

War Watchers at Bull Run • Alt

Northern Virginia Campaign 1862 • Map

Second Bull Run/Manassas (28-30 Aug 1862) • More
• Staff Ride Briefing Book • Map

Ball's Bluff (Oct 1861) • Staff Ride Guide (PDF)

Confederate Heartland Offensive (Ky, Tn)

Battle of Shilo (Apr 1862)
• Map (CMH) • Period Map (excellent detail)

Shenandoah Valley Battles
• Importance • Strategy • Campaigns
• Campaign Battles (map, pdf)

Peninsular Campaign (Sum 1862, NPS)
   • Wikipedia • Campaign Map
   • Campaign Battles (map, CMH) • Va. State map
   • Union Naval Attack on Drewery's Bluff (May 1862)
   • Union Naval Support at Malvern Hill (July 1862)

Peninsular Campaign (portal)

Why Lee Invaded Maryland (1862)
   • Lee Moves North
   • Maps: Maryland Campaign (day-by-day)
   • Map: Maryland Campaign (tourist, pdf)

Antietam (Sept 1862, portal)
   • Campaign (Union view) • Confederate view
   • Antietam On the Web
   • Detailed Battle Maps    • Period Map (detailed)
   • Antietam Timeline
   • Antietam (animated map, ppt)
   • Antietam Stafff Ride Guide • PDF (updated)
   • NPS Portal • Casualties • Park Map (pdf)
   • Military History Online

Lee's Lost Order No. 191 • More

Capture of Harper's Ferry (Sept 1862) • Map

Brady's Photos of Antietam Dead

Fredericksburg (Dec 1862) • Details
• Map (CMH)
• Period Map (detailed but rustic)

Fredericksburg: Gettysburg for Other Side

Stones River (Dec '62-Jan '63)
• Map (CMH) • Maps (NPS)
• Stones River/Murfreesboro (NPS Lesson)

Chancellorsville (May 1-3, 1863)
• Map (CMH) • More (NPS)
• The Campaign of Chancellorsville (text file)

Gettysburg Campaign (NPS) • More • Map
   • Situation, June 1, 1863 (USMA map)
   • Engagements (1 Jun-26 Jul 1863)
      • Map (19-24 Jun) • Map (25-28 Jun)
   • Campaign Battles in Maryland (map, pdf)

Strategy for Gettysburg Campaign
• Logistics for the Gettysburg Campaign

Gettysburg (Jul 1-3, 1863)
   • More • More
   • Gettysburg National Military Park Guide (NPS)
   • Multimedia Description of Battle
   • Orders of Battle: • USA • CSA
   • Prelude to Battle (strategy) • More
   • Day 1 • More Detail • Map (pdf)
   • Day 2 • More Detail • Map (pdf)
   • Day 3 • More Detail • Map (pdf)
   • Gettysburg: Third Day
   • Night Battle For Cemetery Hill
   • Battle for Little Round Top
   • Little Round Top After Action • pdf
   • Pickett's Charge (Jul 3, 1863)
   • Picket's Charge: Lee's Mistake of All Mistakes
   • Picket's Charge (Cyclorama)

Gettysburg Maps (USMA) • Day 2 • Day 3
   • Echos of Gettysburg: Day 1 • Day 2 • Day 3
   • Retreat from Gettysburg (Jul 4-13)
   • Maps: All three days (good detail) • Summary map
   • CMH • Three-day Overview (B&W)
   • Battle Timeline & Maps
   • Maps of Individual Actions
   • Battlefield 1:50K Map (1904)
   • Large Period Maps
   • Period Map (Willcox; detailed)
   • Period Map (LOC-Ditterline; detailed)
   • Period Map - Day 2 (highly detailed)
   • Gettysburg Battlefield (game quality, png)
   • Battlefield Panarama (Pennsylvania RR)
   • Newspaper Reports of the Battle
   • Animated Map: Day 1 • Day 2 • Day 3

Gettysburg: Discussion & links
   • Gettysburg's Decisive Battle (Mil Review, 2004)
   • Gettysburg: Narrative & Maps
   • MilHistory Online
   • Gettysburg (description & multimedia)

1st Minn Volunteers (highest casualties)

Aftermath of Gettysburg

Generals at Gettysburg • More
• A Study in Command (book review)

Lee at Gettysburg (critique of his decisions)

Gettysburg: Official Histories

Comparing Gettysburg & Borodino • pdf

Gettysburg Monuments (photos)

Vicksburg Campaign (Dec 1862-Jul 1863) • pdf
• Map (American Civil War) • Map (CMH)

Failed Attack on Vicksburg (May 1863)

Valley Campaigns of 1864

Chickamauga (Sep 1863)
   • Chickamauga Prelude • Battle
   • Map (period, color) • Map (1863) • Map (1895)
   • Staff Ride Handbook

Chattanooga Campaign (Sep-Nov 1863)
• More • Map (CMH)

Army of the Cumberland (Battle Reports)
• Atlanta • Chickamauga

Civil War in North Georgia

Fort Wagner and the 54th Massachusetts

The Atlanta Campaign

Sherman, Atlanta & The Sinews of War

Georgia Battle Map • Map (CMH)

The Atlanta Campaign • Map • Chronology
   • Kennesaw Mountain
   • The Battles for Atlanta
      • Battle of Peachtree Creek • More • More
         • Peachtree Creek Digital Map
      • Battle of Atlanta • More • More • Map • Map
      • Battle Sites on Georgia Tech Campus (then, now)
      • Battle of Atlanta Digital Map Project
      • Maps: Troop Movements, Atlanta Campaign
      • Map: Atlanta Defenses (color) • Another
      • MGen James Birdseye McPherson • More • Map
      • Eyewitness to Battle of Atlanta
      • Map: Federal Defenses After Fall of Atlanta

Sherman: Ltr to Atlanta Mayor • Alt

Sherman Takes Atlanta (Jensen)

Why was Atlanta an Important Target?

Visiting Battle of Atlanta Today
• Guide to Battle of Atlanta Landmarks (AJC)
• Atlanta Campaign Tour Guide (book)

After Atlanta

Sherman's March to the Sea (Rhodes, 1901)

March to the Sea (NGeorgia.com)
   • Wikipedia
   • March to the Sea (thumbnail)
   • University of Georgia (documents, narratives)
      • Campaign Map
   • Son of the South.net
   • eHistory
   • Grant's Guidance to Sherman

Andersonville (NPS)
• Sherman's Inabililty to Liberate Andersonville

Sherman's March Through NC
• Campaign Battles (map, pdf)

Sherman's March & Law of War
• Notes

Battle for Charleston (POWs as shields)

Last Confederate Shot At Washington (Jul 1864)
• Battle of Monocacy (Jul 1864)

Overland Campaign (4 May - 15 Jun 1864) • Map
• Staff Ride Handbook (pdf)

Wilderness & Spotsylvania CH
• Wilderness, May 5-7, 1864
• Spotsylvania Court House, May 7-19, 1864

Cold Harbor (May-June 1864) • More

Wilderness to Petersburg • Map (CMH) • Map
• Campaign Battles (map, pdf)

St. Albans VT Raid (Oct 1864) • Detail • More

Richmond Campaign (1864-65, NPS)

Petersburg (1864-65, NPS)
   • Battles • Sequential Maps • Quiz
   • Final Assault at Petersburg
   • Attack on Fort Stedman
   • Railroad Gun (photo)
   • Petersburg Map (large file)
   • Siege of Petersburg & Impact on Citizens

Richmond (NPS)
• Evacuation of Richmond (eyewitness)

Retreat to Appomattox (map, pdf)

Battle of Appomattox Court House (9 April 1865)
• Lee's Surrender • More

The Myth of Appomattox: It Ended the War

Johnston's Surrender to Sherman, N Carolina

The Last Battle (Texas, May 1865)

Fortifications in the War

Lieber's Code (ROE, April 1863)

Digest of Military & Naval Laws (CSA, 1864)

The Civil War Armies (portal)

Military Leaders

Military Leadership of the North & South

On the Trail of Grant & Lee (e-book)

Memoirs: Grant, Sherman & Sheridan

Memoirs (U.S. Grant, e-book)
• Alternate (searchable) • Excerpts

U. S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity (bio, e-book)

Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant (Fuller, e-book)

Memoirs (W. T. Sherman, Guenberg)
• Vol I, Pt. 2 • Vol II, Pt. 3 • Vol II, Pt. 4

Memoirs (W. T. Sherman, e-book) • Alt
• Excerpts: Shilo to Memphis

Sherman's Last Speech (31 Jan 1891)

Sherman: Bio & Links • Quotations

Sherman in Europe (1872)

Sherman and the "Indirect Approach"

Admiral Farragut by Alfred Thayer Mahan

Personal Memoir of P. H. Sheridan • Alt

Letters of Gen. Geo. Pickett, CSA

The South's Feuding Generals

Personal narratiave, VMI cadet

Soldier Life

The Civil War Soldier (NPS)
• The Soldier in 1863 • More • Uniforms

"Citizen Soldiers: Why They Fought" (NPS)

What Motivated Soldiers to Fight

The Confederate Infantry Private

How Civil War Soldiers Lived

Civil War Camp Life • More

Soldier Life • More • More (statistics)

Soldier Life - Road to Atlanta

Civil War Casualty Figures (detailed)
• Regimental Losses

Prisoners of War

Feeding the Soldier • More • More • Hardtack Specs

Soldier Training & Equipment

Equipment of a Cvil War Infantryman

Civil War Medicine • More • More • More

Nursing & Medicine in Civil War ****

Statistics • More

Problems of Returning Soldiers

Civil War Soldiers' Experience (Lesson Plan)

Lessons Learned

Decline of the Decisive Battle • pdf

Why the North Won the Civil War • More

Why the North Won and the South Lost

Lessons Learned By Europe (JSTOR)

Lessons From A Prussian Observes (excerpt)

After the War: A Southern Tour (e-book)

Civil War - Total War

American Origins of Total War, 1860-1880

Total War (Wikipedia)

The South at War 1861-65 (Grimsley)

The Road to Total War (Grimsley)

1864-65: Total War (Grimsley: book excerpt)

The Hard Hand of War (Grimsley, GoogleBook)
• Review (Howey) • Review (Feltman)

Lincoln, Pope and the Origins of Total War

Sherman and Total War

Sherman's March & Law of War • Notes

Lieber's Code (ROE, April 1863)

Total War in South vs. Frontier (Grimsley)

Mobilizing for Total War (Jensen)

British Lessons from US Civil War

American Civil War - Sea

Civil War At Sea • Intro • Overview
   • Dakota State University (portal)
   • US Naval Historical Center
      • Chronology of War at Sea (NHC) • Alt
   • Detailed Chronology
   • Civil War @ Smithsonian
   • Short History of War at Sea
   • The Naval War (Grimsley -- scoll down)
   • War at Sea (annoying audio)
   • Civil War Naval Bibliography

Naval Strategy of the Civil War
• More (details of both sides; pdf)

Official Naval Records (both sides)
   • Operations of the Cruisers (Jan 1861-Jan 1863)
   • Vol. II (Jan 1863-Mar 1864)
   • Vol. III (Apr 1864-Dec 1865)

Navies of the Union & Confederacy

Civil War Naval Forces • List of Ships

Civil War Ship Types

Americam Naval Flags of the Civil War • More

Civil War Naval Art (Tom Freeman)

Union Navy During Civil War

Union Navy Ships

Life on a Union Warship

USS Constellation • History • Restoration

USS Constitution during Civil War

Weapons & Ships of Civil War

Mine Warfare in the Civil War

Confederate Navy • More • Alt • More
• Confederate Navy Ships • More (w/ photos)

Confederate Naval Strategy (w James Bulloch)

James Dunwoody Bulloch, Confederate Agent
   • More • More • More • After the War
   • Secret Service of CSA in Europe (Bulloch) • Details
      • Vol. 2 • Details

Matthew Maury & the South's Gunboat War

Confederate Naval Buildup

Confederate Naval Buildup: Too Little, Too Late

Confederate Navy Research Center

Blockading the South
   • Anaconda Plan • More
      • NY Times commentary (June 1863)
   • Union Blockade, 1861-1865 (essay, pdf)
   • Union Blockade (Wikipedia)
   • The Blockade Board & Union Naval Strategy
   • Overview (Grimsley) • More (Jensen) • More
   • Proclamation of Blockade • Legal Ramifications
   • Initiating the Blockade
   • Blockade Organization • Blockade Ops
   • Blockade Strategy Board Reports
   • Blockade & Diplomacy (Jensen)
   • Naval Operations, SE US, 1861-62 (map, USMA)

Blockade Impact: Brsitish Cotton Famine

Legal Issues of the Blockade (JSTOR)

Blockade Runners

Blockade Runners Through Bermuda

Fort Fisher NC & The Blockade

Ironclads & Blockade Runners
• Disposition of Ships

Battle of Hampton Roads • More • More • More
   • Infographic (Monitor, Virginia profiles) • Video
   • Action between USS Monitor & CSS Virginia (NHC)
      • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3 • Documents of Battle (NHC)
   • Reign of Iron, First Battle of Ironclads (e-book)
   • First Fight of Iron-Clads (eHistory) • Original (1885)
   • Dispatches from Hampton Roads
   • CSS VIrginia In the Battle
   • Confederate View From the Shore • Original (1885)
   • LT John Worden (Harper's, Mar 1862)
   • How the Cumberland Went Down
   • After the Battle
   • Hampton Roads: Decisive Draw (eHistory)

   • Ironclad (1991 Turner movie, full)
      • Opening Ship Scenes   • Battle Begins

   • Map of Battle (ship locations) • Another
   • Image of Battle (south from Ft. Monore: ship locations)
   • Image Essay • More Images

Personal Accounts: Buchanan (Virgina's Captain)
   • Notes from the surgeon of the Virginia (eHistory)
   • Crewmember Accounts (CSSVirginia.org)
   • Lt. Samuel Green (XO, "Inside Monitor Turret") • More

USS Monitor • More (Monitor Ctr) • Images (NHC)
   • Background (Gideon Welles, SECVNAV)
   • More • More • Negotiations
   • Building Monitor (Ericsson) • More
   • Monitor's Construction • More • Documentary
   • USS Monitor - plans (NHC: 1862)
   • Turret Detail • Engine (video: operating 1/16 model)
   • History & Restoration (video)
   • Virtual tour of Monitor • Turret Mechanisim
   • Virtual Tour of Turret
   • Later Actions • Drewery's Bluff • Malvern Hill
   • Preserving the Legacy of USS Monitor (NOAA)
   • Life aboard Monitor • Monitor After Hampton Roads
   • Loss of Monitor • More • Eyewitness Account
   • Monitor Photos (July 1862) • Images (NHC)
   • Monitor Digital Restoration
   • Battle, Loss & Recovery • Turret Recovery
   • Documenting USS Monitor
   • Monitor Artifacts

War, Technology & Experience Aboard Monitor (e-book)

CSS Virginia • Cutaway • Images
• Background • History (NHC)
• Later Actions (NHC) • End of Virginia

Planning & Construction of "Merrimac" (eHistory)

CSS Virginia Development & Technology

Building Virginia (w/ Freeman painting) • Image
• Virginia's Debut (w/ Freeman painting)

Virginia's Second Sortie (April 11, 1862)

Ironclads (portal) • Documentary (Great Shups series)

Ironclad Technology • More
• Euopean Ironclads (Harper's, Feb 1861)

Ironclads of the Civil War
• International Overview

Union Ironclads • Monitors
   • Period Illustrations (Harper's Weekly)
   • USS Monitor (internal link)
   • USS Galena • More • More • Images
   • USS New Ironsides • More • More
   • USS Keokuk • More

Confederate Ironclads

CSS/USS Atlanta

Confederate Ram Albermarle

CSS Neuse

Ironclad Digital Art • More (cached)

Cmdr. James Bullock, Confederate Master Spy

Laird Rams • More • More

The Man Who Stopped the Laird Rams

Confederate Cruisers • More

James Dunwoody Bulloch, CSA Agent • More
• "When Liverpool Was Dixie"(Bulloch's operation)
• Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe

Raider CSS Georgia

CSS Florida • More
• CSS Florida (e-book, NetLibrary)
• Oreto / Florida Image

CSS Alabama • Resources • Documents
   • Expeditions & Prizes • Voyage Map (interactive)
   • Detailed History • More • More
      • More • More • More (NHC) • More
   • Ship Description (Semmes) • Eye-Witness Image
   • Only known photograph (Singapore, Dec 1863) • More
   • Images • More • More • More • More • More
   • Model • Model • Laird Model • Plans

Building CSS Alabama (BBC, Liverpool history) • Pt 2
• Liverpool and the US Civil War

James Dunwoody Bulloch & Alabama (internal link)

CSS Alabama: The British Connection
• Laird Contract • Detail • Spy Reports
• Background • Escape from Liverpool • Career

CSS Alabama Association • Period Documents

Pirate Ship "Alabama" (Harpers, 1 Nov 1862) (scroll)
   • Description of Alabama and its operation (scroll)
   • Cruise of the Alabama (Harpers)
   • Winslow Homer Illustration (Harpers, 25 Apr 1863)

Captain Raphael Semmes • Detailed Bio
• More (Harpers, 3 Jan 1863) • Historynet.com • More

Alabama defeats USS Hatteras (Jan 1863)

Alabama's Battle Ensigns

Cruise of the Alabama and Sumter (Semmes)
• Escape to the Azores (scroll: Chapter XII =>)

Memoirs of Service Afloat ... (Semmes) • Details

Our Cruise in the CSS Alabama (1863)

Recollections of a Naval Life ... Alabama (John Kell)

Shark of the Confederacy (Google book)

USS Kearsarge • History • More • More
• USS Kearsarge photo • More

Battle of Cherbourg (19 June 1864) • More
   • Details of Ships, Battle • Images • Another
   • Detailed Description (official reports)
   • Captains' After-Action Reports • Semmes' Report
   • Sinking of the Alabama (Harpers, 14 Jul 1863)
   • Documents on Kearsarge vs. Alabama

"Battle Between Kearsarge & Alabama" (1907: scroll)

Alabama & Kearsarge (e-book, NetLibrary)
• Review • pdf • Another • Another

The End of the Alabama • Alt

"Sunday Encounter" (artwork, Tom Freeman)

The Alabama Claims • More

CSS Shenandoah: Last of the Rebal Raiders
• Shenandoah Claims

Charleston Harbor (Apr 1863)
   • Details • More • More
   • Ericsson Raft (torpedo deflector)
   • CSS Chicora • CSS Palmetto State
   • Charleston (Harper's image, 1861)

Battle of Mobile Bay (Aug 1864) • More • More
   • Graphc Depiction of Battle
   • Map of Battle • Another • Painting
   • CSS Tennessee at Mobile Bay
   • Tennessee vs. Hartford, Mobile Bay (Aug 6, 1864)

David Glosgow Farragut
• USS Hartford (model)

Farragut at Port Hudson

Civil War Submarines
• Submarine model images

CSS Hunley • More (Wikipedia)
   • History & Description • Model • More
   • Hunley Schematic (1902, cached)
   • Engineering Details • More • Torpedo
   • Digital Art
   • Impact on the Blockade
   • USS Housatonic
   • Documents on Sinking of USS Housatonic

Hunley Recovery Portal • Index • More
• Theories on Hunley Sinking • More • More
• Single Bullet Theory

CSS David (semi-submersible)

Tinclads - River Warships

David Dixon Porter

Admiral Porter's Ironclad Hoax

Winans Cigar Ships

Civil War Naval Art

National Civil War Naval Museum
• CSS Jackson

CSS Cairo

Battle for the Western Rivers (archived)

Conquest of the Lower Mississippi

Economics of the War

Economics of the Civil War

Impact of the Cotton Trade • More

Cotton and Its Role in the Civil War

Impact of Blockade (book review)

Why the North Won

Society & Ideology

Transportation & Supply

CW Industry & Technology

Logistics

Mobilizing for Total War
• More

Logistics in the Civil War
• More (Livingston)

Strategic Supply of Civil War Armies

Raising Two Great Armies

US Quartermaster Department (1861-63)

CW Logistics Portal

Opening the "Cracker Line" (E Tennessee)
• Steamer that opened the "Cracker Line"

Supplying the Atlanta Campaign

City Point, VA, Supply Depot

Stiver Quartermaster series: Supporting Victory
• Lifeline to Victory
• Gateway to Victory

Merchant Marine in Civil War

Studebaker Supply Wagon

Railroads in the Civil War

Railroads: Key to Strategy • pdf

Railroads in Civil War • Photos
   • Map: SE Railroads (1861, USMA)
   • Railroads of the Confederacy (b&w map; RR names)
   • Military Railroads • Map • 1863 map
   • Civil War Railroads (Tennessee)

Confederate Railroads (detailed)

Confederate Railroads: Prolonging the Inevitable

Decline of Confederate Railraods (pdf)

Confederate Military Railroads

Confederate Railroad Construction Plans

Builders of Confederate Locomotives

Confederate Track Manufacture

The Great Locamotive Chase

Substituting Food For Cotton

City Rail Gaps

River Transportation

Civil War - Home Front

The Civil War Home Front (NPS)
• More • More • Lesson Plan

Home Front Links: • North • South

Two Communities in the Civil War

Home Front Balance Sheet (1861, Richard Jensen)
• Home Front 1862 • Impact of Total War

Women in the War (Harper's Weekly) • Story

Northern Home Front (Jensen: portal)
• Rhodes, History of the Civil War (pp 341-364)

Southern Home Front
   • Failure of the Confederate Home Front 1863-65
   • The War for States' Rights
   • NC Museum of History • More
   • Richard Jensen (portal)
   • Mary Chestnut, A Diary From Dixie (1905)
      • Background • More
   • Rhodes, History of the Civil War (pp 366-397)
   • Civil War in Georgia (About North Georgia.com)

General Order 100 & Military Government

Southern Views of the War • More

Hard Times in the Confederacy (article, 1888)

Partisan Warfare in the Civil War

Confederate Irregular Warfare

Manpower Policies (Grimsley)

Union Draft • More (Livingston) • More

Confederate Conscription
• Conscription and Conflict in the Confederacy (review)

Conscription in the Civil War (1915)

NY City Draft Riots (Jul 1863)
   • In the Shadow of Slavery (excerpt)
   • Civil War Homepage
   • Wikipedia • More
   • Causes & Effects (essay: Alex Blankfein)
   • Harper's Weekly (August 1, 1863)
   • The Great Riots of New York (1873; pp.136-288)
   • Eyewitness Account Confederate Draft

Harper's Weekly, 1861-65 • Cartoons

Century Magazine (period articles on CW life) • Alt

Lincoln's Letter to Mrs. Bixby (lost 5 sons)

Lasting Impact of Civil War on U.S.

US Army in Reconstruction & Indian Wars

Return to Top

Other 19th Century Wars

Wars of the 19th Century

Industrial Revolution & Warfare (19th c.)
   • Evolution of Modern Warfare
   • Impact & Major Trends
   • Timeline: 19th c. Tech & War

19th Century Warfare

Infantry Assault Tactics (1850-1918) • alt • pdf

Primer on 19th c Warfare (Calvert)

Sea Battles, 1882-1918

Casualty Stastics, 19th Century Wars

Europe After 1815

Congress of Vienna

The Victorian Army (1854)
• The Victorian Soldier

Mexican War (Wikipedia)
   • Maps (USMA Atlas) • CMH
   • Notes on the Mexican War (Calvert)
   • Overview (Grimsley)
   • Infoplease.com (C³)

Mexican War (About.com)
• Roots of the Mexican War
• Summary of the war

US Artillery & Rockets @ Veracruz

The Campaign for Monterrey

Logistics in the Mexican War

US Army, 1846-1861 (Grimsley)
• History of the 2nd Dragoons
• Birth of the Dragoons

European Revolutions of 1848
• French • German • Italian

The Dynasties Recover (1849)

Crimean War, 1853-56 • More • More

Crimean War Site

Westward Expansion • Animated Maps

The West (PBS) • Other Links

Westward Trails (animated maps)

The Oregon Trail • More (e-book)

1865 Wagon Train (narrative)

The North American Indian (e-book)
• Map: Indian Tribal Areas

The North American Indian (notes)
• Battle of the Little Bighorn
• The Demise of the Buffalo

The Buffalo in Indian Culture

Eradication of the Buffalo (environmental warfare)

NativeAmericans.com (deep background!)
   • Indian Territory
   • Trail of Tears
      • Relocation History & Timeline

The Indian Removal Act of 1830

The Navajo Long Walk (1863)

The Frontier in American History (Turner, 1935)

History of the Transcontinental Railraod

US Indian Wars (Wikipedia) • List • Map
   • Named Campaigns of the Indian Wars (CMH)
   • Indian Wars (1865-1890, AMH)
   • Indian Wars, 1866-1890 (Grimsley)
   • Indian Wars Battles (map)
   • Indian Wars Animated Maps (USMA, ppt)
   • Cavalry Outpost Duties (manual)

The Indian Wars (Maybury)

The Crush of the Plains & Mountain Indians

US Army in the Indian Wars (CMH)

Phil Sheridan and the Indian Wars

Total War: "Hard War in the West" (Grimsley)

US Army Organization & Unit Histories (1896)

Artillery in the Indian Wars (pdf)

Trans-Mississippi West, 1860-1890 (map)

Atlas of the Sioux Wars (CARL, pdf) • Pt 2

Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868

Custer's Black Hills Expedition of 1874

Campaign of 1876 (Wyoming Tales and Trails)

Battle of the Little Bighorn (Jun 1876 - NPS)
   • Wikipedia • Thumbnail
   • Battlebield Handbook **** (NPS) • 1949 version
   • Oglala Sioux Chief Low Dog's Account of Battle
   • Campaign Maps
   • Logistics Lessons From the Little Bighorn
   • EyeWitnessToHistory.com
   • Significance of the Battle (littlebighorn.info)

7th Cavalry History (CMH. 1896)

Nez Perce War (1877) • More • Map
• Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Chief
• The Flight of 1877 (NPS)

Victorio's War (1879-1880) • More • Chronology

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

The Buffalo Soldiers • More • More
   • 9th Cavalry History (CMH. 1896) • More
   • 10th Cavalry History (CMH. 1896) • More
   • Tracking Victorio (artwork, Don Stivers)
      • Henry Flipper • More • More
      • Spartacus Educational
      • The Colored Cadet at West Point

Buffalo Soldiers At Fort Huachuca

The Pig War (US-UK, 1859-72)
   • American Camp • British Camp
   • Wikipedia • HistoryNet.com
   • Global Security • Map
   • Smart Science

Egyptian War of 1882 (UK PRO)

The River War (Churchill on Sudan, e-book)
• NY Times review (Jan 1900, pdf)

Nation-State Consolidation (1859-1871)

History of Germany

Road to German Unification

German Unification • Chronology
• Map • Sequential Maps
• Wikipedia

History of Prussia (German)
   • Military History (1740-1792) • Pt 2 • Pt 3
   • Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815)
   • Danish War (1864)
   • Austro-Prussian War (1866) • Pt 2
   • Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) • Pt 2

Prussia Emerges as a Military Power

The German Empire (Second Reich)

Bismarck

Bismark & German Unification
• Wars of Unification (outline) • Map

Austro-Prussian (Seven Weeks) War
   • Oxford Companion to Military History
   • Reader's Companion to Military History
   • Battle of Königgrätz (Jul 1866) • More • More

Helmuth Karl von Moltke (the Elder)

Franco-German Enmity

France, Germany and Natural Resources

How Prussia Overturned European Balance of Power

Franco-Prussian War

Maps: Prussia-Germany (1618-1914)

Maps: Germany (1812-Today)

Franco-Prussian War
   • Reader's Companion to Military History (overview)
   • World History at KMLA
   • Wars & Conflicts of 19th Century
   • MacroHistory (overview)
   • Encarta • Pt 2 (culmination)
   • Armed Conflict Events Data (OnWar.com)
   • Encyclopedia of Marxism
   • Artwork, F-P War

Maps of the Franco-Prussian War • More
   • Battles (German)
   • Overview Map (1.2M)
   • Siege of Paris

Ems Telegram (1870)

Franco-Prussian War (portal) • Another
   • Causes • Summary
   • Prussian Artillery Doctrine • Details
   • Siege Warfare

Chronology of Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)
• More • More
• Timeline: F-P War & French Civil War

Napoleon III (Louis Bonaparte)

Melmuth von Molke
• First Battle of Sedan (Aug-Sep 1870)

French Mobilization • French Logistics

Prussian Wagons • Munition Wagon
• Pontoon Wagon • Ponton Bridge Deployed

British Military Thinking & F-P War (JSTOR)

Improvements in Military Operations

The Siege of Paris (1870-1871)

The Civil War in France (March-May 1871)

Paris Commune (1871)

Civil War in France, 1871

Balloon Flights From Paris • More • More
• Krupp's Balloon Gun

Treaty of Frankfurt (May 10, 1871)

Sheridan: Account of Franco-Prn War

War Correspondent, F-P War

History of French-Germany War (e-book, 1871)

Franco-Prussian War: Step Toward Total War

Comparison of the Armies

Weapons of F-P War: Rifles (translated)
   • Chassepot Rifle
   • French machine gun
   • French artillery
   • Prussian artillery: 4-pdr • Another Image

Drill & German Infantry Tactics 1871-1914

French Tactical Doctrine 1870-1914

The F-P War & German Unification

F-P War and European Balance of Power

Germany & Europe, 1871-1945 (e-book)

German Way of War, 1870-1914

Prussian Officer Development (1860-1914)

The German Empire (1871-1918)

German Militaria (Frederick the Great => Hitler)

Imperial German Military Knowledge Base
• Imperial German Army Uniforms

Empires & Imperialism

Empire (background)

Graphic: 4,000 years of nations, states, empires • Source

Pre-modern Great Powers
• Maps • Maps - Mediterranean

Global Empires (lists)
   • Spanish Empire
   • British Empire • Trade Routes (multimedia map)
   • French Colonial Empires
   • Empire of Japan
   • German Colonial Empire

Trade Routes • Map

Reasons for Empire
   • Economic Reasons
   • Ideological Reasons
   • Strategic Reasons
   • Political Reasons

Comparing the Rise & Fall of Empires (tutorial)
• Comparing the Rise of Empires (tutorial)
• Comparing the Fall of Empires (tutorial)

The Rise & Fall of the Great Powers • E-Book

The Decline & Fall of Empires (Stratfor)

Decline & Fall of the Roman Empire

Must empires always self-destruct?

Why the Roman Empire Fell

Why Empires Fall: Ancient Rome to Putin's Russia

The Perils of Empire **** (America & Britain, 2019)

When Empires Fall, It's Never Pretty

Why Nations Fail • How Republics End

World-wide Imperialism

Imperialism (Wikipedia) • History • Definition
• Imperialism 101

Theories of Imperialism

Imperialism: A Study (John Hobson, 1902 - e-book)
• Alt • Excerpt

Colonialism (Wikipedia) • Chronology

New Imperialism (Wikipedia)
• Rise of the New Imperialism

The New Imperialism (1815-1870)
• 1870-1914

"New Imperialism" and its Fatal Flaws (post-9/11)

Quotations on New Imperialism

Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

Imperialism: A German View (1879)

Imperialism: A British View (1897)

French Colonial Empire • Map • History (slideshow)

Suez Canal • History of the Canal **** (video)

The British Empire
   • Evolution of British Empire • Animated Map
   • Rise & Fall of the British Empire • Hisorical snapshots
      • The British Empire: Was it different?
   • The Necessity for Imperium (1870 debate)
   • List of British Colonies & Map • Last Remaining

The Rise & Fall of British Naval Mastery

Timeline: British Age of Empire

Imperialism in Asia (map, 1914)

British Wars for Central Asia
   • Book: Tournament of Shadows
   • Early History (Engles, 1857)
   • First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842)
      • Book: Return of a King • Review
   • Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880)
   • Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)

Scramble for Africa (Wikipedia)

Foreign Concessions in China
• The Scramble for China, 1832-1914

Imperialism: Highest Stage of Capitalism (Lenin, 1916)

Cultural Imperialism

American Imperialism

United States: Inevitable Empire (Stratfor, 2011)

Informal Empire (1877-11916: Grimsley)

How America Hids Its Empire

American Imperialism (Wikipedia)

Territorial Acquisitions of the US (Wikipedia)
• Territorial Evolution of the US
• Texas Revolution (1835-1836) • Tutorial

History of US Imperialism (Wikipedia)

US Intervention in Latin America

War is a Racket (Gen Smedley Butler, USMC)

Timeline of U.S. Imperialism (1854-1919)
The Age of (US) Imperialism

US Foreign Policy in the Late 19th Century

"Manifest Destiny" (Harper's article, 1893)

The Burden of Imperialism, Then & Now (Grimsely)

American Imperialism in Editorial Cartoons

Impact of the Imperial Wars on US Army

The Birth of the New Navy (Grimsely)
• The Navy and Navy Policy, 1899-1916 (Grimsely)

Roots of Empire (Radical critique of current US policy)

Expansion in the Pacific

Panama Canal

Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War (Wikipedia)
   • PBS
   • Library of Congress
   • Grimsley (Ohio State)
   • NY Public Library
   • Small Planet Communications
   • Images (maps, ships) • More

Emergence to World Power (Am Mil Hist)

Spanish-Am War & US Empire

Spanish-American War Centennial
• Transportation to the Phillipines
• Reina Mercedes

Spanish-American War (essay: Trask)

History of the Spanish-American War
• More

Spanish-American War (C³) • More

Galvanizing Events Leading to War

Background to the war (Naval Historical Center)

Spanish-American War Timeline

Span-Am War Timeline (emphasis: Philippines & Guam)

Impact of Press on the War

Art & Images of the War With Spain

McKinley & The Spanish-American War (eHistoy, OSU)
• Political Cartoons of McKinley Era

Spainish-American War Political Cartoons
• More

USS Maine • Wikipedia

What Really Sank the Maine?

The Second Sinking of the Maine

Battles of the Spanish-American War

US Army Campaigns: War With Spain

Campaign Maps (USMA Atlas)

Battle for Santiago (map)

Assault on San Juan Hill (Kettle Hill)

TR and the Assault on San Juan Hill

Rough Riders (desription & artwork, CMH)

The Rough Riders (T. Roosevelt, e-book)

Buffalo Soldiers in the Spanish-American War

Gatling Guns in the Spanish-American War
• More

New York in the War With Spain

Impact of "Disaster' of 1898 on Spanish Army

Naval War With Spain (Nav Hist Ctr)
   • Overview    • More • Navy Planning • Documents
   • US ship images • Gunboats (light cruisers)
   • US Preparations • Spanish Preparations
   • Historical Bibliography

Battle of Manla Bay (May 1, 1898)
   • Dewey's Account of Battle
   • Naval Historical Center
   • Wikipedia
   • USS Olympia • Detailed photos • More
   • Contemporary Map
   • Detailed Map and Orders of Battle
   • HistoryNet
   • Capt Charles Gridley & Battle of Manila Bay • Alt

George Dewey (bio & battle prep details)

US Navy in the Campaign for Santiago

Battle of Santiago (July 3, 1898)
   • Oxford Companion to US Military History
   • Wikipedia
   • Detailed Map and Orders of Battle

Declaration of War Text

Images of the Spanish-American War

Treaty of Paris

Lessons of War with Spain (Naval Historical Center)

American Solders' View of Spaniards

Home Front Invasion Concerns
• The Flying Squadron

Philippine-American War

Philippine Revolution (1896-1898)

Philippine-American War (1899-1902)
• More (CMH) • More • Timeline • More
• PBS • More • Grimsley (OSU, outline)

American Imperialism of the Philippines

History of the Philippines (LOC, e-book) • Alt
   • Spanish-American War in the Philippines
   • Treaty of Paris
   • Mobilizing for War in the Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy • More

McKinley's Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation

Philippine Independence Day (June 12, 1898)

San Juan Incident (Feb 1899)

The Balangiga Massacre (Sep 1899)

Philippine Insurrection - 1899 (Military Review, 2004) • pdf

Lsns From a Successful Counterinsurgency (Philippines, 1899-1902)

The US Army & Irregular Warfare
• The Pacification of the Philippine
• The Philippines and Vietnam (comparison)

Lessons from the Philippine War • Alt

Nationbuilding & Pacification in the Philippines

Pacifying the Moros, 1899-1913

Philippine-American War Documents

Moro Crater Massacre (1906)

Images from the Philippine-American War

Photos of the Philippine Insurgents (LOC)

Comparison: Iraq & Philippines (commentary, 2005)

Bayan: Last Battle of Philipine War (May 2, 1902)

Krag-Jorgensen Rifle

Joint Operations in the Philippine War

Late 19th C Military Revolutions

Navies in Transition (developments, mid- late-19th c)

Brassey's Naval Annual (1888-1913,

Steel Navy (historic ships)

Pre-Dreadnought Battleships: US
• France • Russia

Modern Battleship (1904)

Dreadnoughts (development & impact)

Dreadnought and the Naval Arms Race

Dreadnought Battleships (extracts)

British-German Naval Rivalry

History of the Torpedo

Change & Continuity in 19th C Warfare

Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)

The Second Boer War (1899-1902)

Might Lessons of Boer War Have Prevented WW I Carnage?

The 20th Century: America's Time (video series)

Early 20th Century

Great White Fleet • More
   • US Navy Illustrated c 1908
   • Fleet Visits Australia (Aug-Sep 1908)
   • Images of Ships & Port Calls

Jamestown Naval Review (1907)

Modern Battleship (1914)

Navy Illustrated (1900 photos)

US Navy & Naval Policy, 1899-1916 (Grimsley)

Russo-Japanese War • More • Map
• Russo-Japanese War Research Society

Chronology of Russo-Japanese War !904-1905

Battle & Siege of Port Arthur (Feb 1904-Jan 1905)

Russian Navy in Japanese War

Battle of the Yellow Sea (10 Aug 1904) • Narrative

Battle off Ulsan (14 Aug 1904)

Voyage of the Baltic Fleet, 1904-1905

Baltic Fleet At Sea (photo & discussion)

Battle of Tsushima (May 1905) • Narrative

Naval Technical Notes

Reasons For Japanese Success

Treaty of Portsmouth (5 September 2014)

German Way of War, 1870-1914

Germany: 1890-1914
• Fleet Building & International Conflict

Return to Top

Return to Top

World War I

History of the Great War (weekly) • Week 1

The Story of the Great War (e-book, c 1919) • Alt
• Preface • Table of Contents • Chronology • Alt2

The Nature of World War I (summary)

Total War I: The Great War (Bourne)
• Photo essay

Germany: 1914-1918
• Germany and Europe, 1871-1945

The Guns of August (Google book) • Outline
• Video (1:39:58)

The Atlantic: WW I edition (Aug 2014)
• The Great War in Photos **** (The Atlantic)

WW I Portals
   • Western Front • Eastern Front • Casualties
   • Imperial War Museums: First World War
   • First World War.com * * * *
      • Encyclopedia of WW I
      • How It Began
      • Battles (all fronts) • Western Front
      • Primary Documents
   • Military History Online (essays)
   • Xenophile Historian: The Iron Storm, 1914-1945
   • World War I Today (portal) • Events • Technology
   • GlobalSecurity
   • The Great War in Period Media ****
   • War Cyclopedia (period, c1918)
   • National Archives of the UK
   • Mil History Encyclopedia on the Web (Rickard)
   • WW I Geographical Overview **** (animated map)
   • Internet Modern History Sourcebook
   • PBS • Historian Commentaries
   • University of Pittsburg
   • BBC: World War One * * * * • Home Front
   • World-War-1.info
   • worldwar-1.net
   • Tragic War, Futile Peace
   • Spartacus Educational (portal)
   • Mike Andersson site
   • Encyclopedia of World History
   • Columbia Encyclopedia
   • Encarta
   • Moonie (detailed)
   • National Archives
   • Trenches on the Web (portal)
   • World War One Through Dutch Eyes
   • P. Darlene McClendon (contemporary)
   • The History Project (WW I essays)
   • Eyewitness to History: WW I
   • Heritage of Great War (Dutch)
   • Tulip Academy
   • HistoryGuide
   • Great War With A Difference (period media)
   • UK Public Records Office
   • Western Front Association • Index (cached)
      • Western Front Battles
      • Battles & Tactics (cached)
      • Equipment & Weapons
      • Naval Actions
      • Articles by David Payne (cached)

WW I Essays (1918)

WW I Documents * * * *
• Articles & Commentaries

WW I: Nation By Nation
• Great Britain • France • Germany

History of the World War (e-book, 1919)
• GoogleBooks

Great War Quotations

WW I Database

World War I Timeline (Air Univ)
   • PBS
   • World War-1.net
   • History Place **** (detailed)
   • FirstWorldWar.com
   • Kilidavid.com (comprehensive)
   • Story of the Great War (Usher, c 1919)
   • National World War One Museum (1914)
      • 1915 • 1916 • 1917 • 1918
   • The Book of the War (1918, parallel timelines)
   • U-S-History.com (linked)
   • Stars & Stripes
   • US Involvement in WW I (Feldmeth)

Statistics of WW I
• Miscellaneous Statistics

WW I Casualties (Wikipedia) • PBS
• More • WorldWar1.com • More • More
• War Casualties Throught the Ages

Great War By the Numbers

Armies: Aug 1914 & Total Mobilized

The Great Illusion (1910)
• Text • More • Excerpt

Germany & the Next War (1914)
• Alt • Excerpt

Origins of WW I * * * *    • More Detail
   • Origins of World War I (Google Books)
   • Western Front Association
   • National Archives of the UK
   • Wikipedia
   • The Book of the War (1918, by combatant)
   • BBC
   • HistoryHome (UK)
   • Trenches on the Web
   • Sage on the Stage
   • Mike Andersson site
   • Loyal Edmonton Rgimt Museum (Canada)

Pre-1914 Documents (treaties, messages)

The Necessity of World War I (Stratfor)

Echos of Great War Still Resonate (Stratfor)

Causes of WW I (treaties) • pdf

Causes of WW I (interactive game) • More

Causes of WW I: Revisionist View

Causes & Conduct of WW I

Oil & The Origin of WW I • More

Top 5 Causes of WW I (Answers.com)

Analysis of the Origins of WW I

Contemporary History (NY Times Essays, 1914-18)

German Responsibility for WW I

Militarism (e-book, 1917)

Assisination of Franz Ferdinand (video)
• Crisis

Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Road to War

The Meaning of Mobilization in 1914

Cult of the Offensive & Origins of WW I (1984)

Expectations of War in 1914

The World War and What Was Behind It (e-book, US, 1918)

"Willy-Nicky" Telgrams (Jul-Aug 1914) • Alt

Why Did Britain Go to War? (archival material)

Sir Edward Gray & the Sarajevo Crisis

Imperialism & Roots of WW I

1914 Revisited: Allies, Offense & Instability
• Discussion & Relevance to Counterforce

Why Cooperation Failed in 1914

Run-up to War: Events thru 1914

Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum (July 1914)

Ultimatum to Belgium ( 2 Aug 1914)

War Declared (Aug 1914 news articles)

Declarations of War (chronology) • By Nation

Initial Enthusiasm for War (video)

Pact of London (5 Sep 1914 - no separate peace)

Events of Opening Days: August 1, 1914
• Aug 2, 1914 • Aug 3, 1914 • Aug 4, 1914

The Case for War (David Lloyd George)

Book of the War (e-book: causes, timeline - 1918)

Flags of Warring Nations

Netherlands in WW I • More • More

Schllieffen Plan (internal link)

The Birth of Total War (BBC)

"Total War I: The Great War" (Bourne)

Total War: Total History (overview, JSTOR)

Conundrum of the Casualties

Strategy & Technology (Bourne) * * * *
• Photo Essay (excellent!)

Character of Modern War (c 1919)
• Machinery of a Modern Army

Military Plans for War

Planning for War (multinational)

British & Allied Strategy

Strategy & Tactics

French Elan

How Prepared Was Britain?

British Cable Telegraphy in WW I: The All-Red Line

Tactics in WW I
• British FIghting Methods in the Great War
• Battle Tactics of the Western Front

The Character of Modern War (c. 1918)

Origins of the Stalemate

The Static Front: Why No Breakthroughs

Trench Warfare • More • More
   • The Attack in Trench Warfare (French, 1915)
   • Digger History
   • British Trench Warfare 1917-1918 (excerpt)
      • Trench detail (graphic) • Video discussion
      • Trench construction diagrams
   • Trench Warfare (video) • Tutorial (video)

Why Trench Warfare Was Not A Bad Strategy

Remembering Trench Warfare in WW I (Stratfor)

Engineers Support for Trench Warfare

Technology, Tactics & Organization
• Overview (19th C tactics & technology)

Innovations - Western Front • More

Breaking the Trench Deadlock

German Tactical Doctrine Changes • pdf

Sturmtruppen (Stormtroopers) • Alt
   • Wikipedia • WorldWar1.com • Poster
   • Oxford Companion to Military History
   • Weapons of German Sturm Tactics (video)

Hutier (Infiltration) Tactics

Creeping Barrage • In WW I

Genesis of Aerial Reconnaissance

British Inf Tactics (posters, May 1917, cached)

British Army in WW I

British Army: Professionals vs. Volunteers

British Intellignece in WWI

French Army in WW I

France at War (photos)

French Intelligence, WWI & WWII

French Archives

Belgium in WW I & WW II

American Neutrality
• "America Should Have Stayed Out" (Churchill)

US Foreign Policy 1914-1920

America's First World War • More

How We Entered the War (Tuchman) • Alt

Why & How America Joined the War

America's Path to War (timeline)

Sinking of the Lusitania (May 1915)

Zimmermann Telegram • Telegram text
   • More • More • More • More
   • Zimmerman Letter & Balfour Declaration
   • Severing Relations With Germany
   • Impact of Message (book review)

US WW I Political History

American Intervention - A War of Choice
• Wars of Necessity vs Wars of Choice

Wilson's War Message (April 2, 1917)

American Planning for WW I
• Search for Alternatives, Western Front

US Jt Planning Before WW I • pdf

Notes on US Entry into WW I (text)

Story of the AEF (Doughboy Ctr)
• Planning the AEF • Sizing the AEF

Map - AEF Locations in France

US Army Overseas (CMH)

Growth of the American Army

"The Americans Are Coming!" (photos)

American Army in France (Nov 1917)

America's Army in the War (W C Both)

History of the 113th FA, 30th Div (e-book, photos)

Army-Navy Fact Book (1917)

U. S. Marines in WW I

U. S. Troops in Russia

Why We Are At War Wilson)

Stars & Stripes (WW I)

General Pershing (Bbo)
• How Pershing Became U.S. Commander in France

Wilson's 14 Points (8 Jan 1918)

Wilson as Commander-in-Chief

Images of the Great War
   • World War I Document Archive • More
   • US Army Art
   • MilitaryPhotos.net (extensive!)
   • Imperial War Museim Photos
   • The Telegraph (UK)
   • Different Worlds: Pictures of the Past (UK)
      • German Photos • In the Trenches
   • WorldWar1.com • More
   • worldwaronecolorphotos.com (French)
   • FirstWorldWar.com
   • Great War Picture (Dutch)
   • Great War Heritage (Dutch)
      • Photos • More • Color photos
      • Adolph Hitler in WW I
   • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
   • The War Illustrated (magazine)
   • The Great War in a Different Light

Eyewitness to WW I (narratives)

America's War for Humanity (photos)

Video Clips: • 1914 • Pre-1914

Combat Video (Johnny Cash vocal)

WW I-era Audio

US Home Front in WW I

Vintage Media (early 20th C)

"Over There" (history & words)
• Audio (Billy Murray, 1917)
• Audio (Enrico Caruso, 1918)

"Pack Up Your Troubles ... "

"It's A Long Way to Tipperary"

Oregon at War
• Social Change • Drives & Campaigns
• The Economy • Shortages & Inflation

Baltimore in WW I (images)

North Carolina in the Great War

The Draft

Myths About US Participation in WW I

War Propaganda in WW I

Psychological Warfare, 1914-1918

Creel Commission (Public Information) • More

George Creel, War Propagandist • Video

The Four Minute Men • More • More
• Sample Speech • Promoting War Savings Stamps

War Cyclopedia (CPI, 1918)

Wilson & Propaganda

Civil Liberties in US During WW I • More
• Civil Liberty Case Studies
• The Sedition Act (May 1918)

Propaganda Posters • More

US Home Front Posters
   • Recruiting • Bonds • More • More
   • Origin of Uncle Sam Wants YOU!
   • US Navy Recruiting Posters

WW I Propaganda Films

German Propaganda in US

UK Home Front (BBC) • Alt

Civilan Experience in UK (archival material)

British Propaganda (archival material)
   • War Propaganda Bureau
   • British Recruiting Posters • More
   • Posters

The Battle of the Somme (film)
   • Imperial War Museum restoration (video)
   • Enhanced, shortened version
   • Imperial War Museum restored DVD info
   • Faking Video

How Advertisers Use WW I to Sell, Sell, Sell!

Introduction of the Wristwatch

Impact of Blockade on UK Imports

Impact of Sub Warfare on British Economy

Impact of Zeppelin Raids (archival material)

Impact of Propaganda on Publishing: WW I

Psychological Warfare, WWI

A British Town in WW I

British Recruiting Posters • More

WW I Post Cards **** (Emory Univ)

Propaganda Postcards

French Propaganda Posters • More

Role of Logistics in Allied Victory

Logistics in WW I (bibliography)

Role of Railroads in the War (Aug 1914)

Quartermaster Supply in AEF • More

Role of Horse & Mules in WW I

Blockade of Germany
• Its Impact • More

Technology & Military Advantage in WW I

WW I Weapons • Portal • More

Weapons & War (UK, archival material)

Weapons of the Great War
• Technology • Inventors & Scientists

Body Armor • More

German Stahlhelm: Coal Shuttle Helmet

Trench Knife

Rifles • More
• Lebel Model 1886 (8 mm, French) • More
• Mauser Gewher 98 (7.92 mm, German) • More

Machine Guns During WW I (Google book)
   • Machine Guns (overview) • More • More
   • Lewis Gun • More
   • Madsen LMG • More
   • Chauchat (French) • More
   • Hotchkiss M1914 (French) • More
   • German MG 08 Spandau • More

Artillery in WW I (impact & overview)
   • Basic Artillery Characteristicss
   • Details of artillery employment in WW I
   • Artillery Tactics
   • Shrapnel Round
   • Trajectories: Shrapnel & HE

Big Guns of WW I

British Artillery in WW I (e-book)
• British 18 pdr. Field Gun

German Heavy Artillery (images)
   • Big Bertha • More
   • The Goliath Gun (42 cm mortar)
   • Paris Gun • Photos • More

French 75 in WW I

German Siege Guns

Naval Railway Gun Batteries (cached) • More

WW I Guns & Vehicles (detailed drawings)

Bayonet in WW I

Hand Grenades • US Grenades

German Gernade Launchers • More

Flamethrowers • More • More

Poison Gas in WW I
   • History of Chemical Warfare
   • Poison Gas in Cylinders
   • Impact of Gas (1915 article) • Photos
   • Horrors of Gas Warfare (Canadian)
   • Livens Bomb & Projector • More
   • German Development
   • Legacy of Gas Warfare
      • First German Attack (scroll down)

First Gas Attack (narrative)

Chemical Warfare in WW I: US Experience
• Patriotic Peach Pits for US gas masks

British Gas Warfare in WW I • More

Field Gun to Tank (BBC)

Development of the Tank in WW I
• More • More • More

Tanks in the Great War 1914-1918 (JFC Fuller)

Tanks of WW I (all countries)
• WW I Vehicles & Artillery (Photos & plans)

First Tank Proposal • More
• Supporting Correspondence

British Mark I Tank (interactive views)

Tanks in the Great War

First Use of Tanks (Somme, Sept 1916) • Video

Description of a Tank Battle (1917)

First Tank-to-Tank Battle (Apr 1918)
• Official Account

"With the Tanks" (Atlantic Monthly, Dec '18) • Pt. 2

Tank Against Tank (narrative)

WW I Tanks (photos)

British Mk. I Tank (interactive description: BBC)
• Mark I and varients (Wikipedia)
• Video Clip (Military Channel)

Medium A Whippet Tank

French FT17 Light Tank • FT17 Video

German Tanks • More (cached)
• German A7V Sturmpanzer-Kraftwagen

British Rolls Royce Armored Car

Royal Engineers in WW I

Fortifications in the War

World War I - Land

Short History of the Great War (e-book, 1920)

Futile Effort to Avert War

Battles of WW I (chronologically, all fronts)
• Western Front • Eastern Front • Gallipoli

Battles of WW I (Wikipedia)

Western Front 1914-1918 (animated maps by day!)
      • French site: page text translated, maps in French.
      • Great detail: day-by-day movements (manually).
      • Original French Version advances automatically.
      • Click maps for even greater resolution!
      • Listed as "Works under Firefox only."

40 Maps That Explain WW I

West Point Atlas, WW I
   • Wikimedia Commons Atlas of WW I
   • BBC (animated maps)
   • War Times Journal (animated maps)
   • 1914-1918.net
   • FirstWorldWar.com

The Map Archive: WW I (campaign & battle maps)
   • European Alliances & War Plans 1914
   • Schlieffen Plan 1905 & 1914
   • French Plan XVII - 1914

Animated Map (Western Front, 1914-1918)
• Animated Maps by Year w/ description
• 1914 • 1915 • 1916-1917 • 1918

Geography of the Great War (1919) • Alt

Western Front Battlefields (interactive map)

World War I Western Front Photos (The Atlantic) • Part II

War Plans and the First World War

Planning the War (all participants)

War Plans: 1905-1914

WW I - Background, Opening Moves

Schlieffen Plan (1905) • Details
• More • More • More

Failure of Schlieffen Plan • More
• Animated maps

Schlieffen Plan & Plan XVII: Short Critique

Analysis of Schlieffen Plan • More
   • Critique (re: Holland, Army Quarterly, London, 1929)
   • Myth of the German General Staff
   • How Close Did German Come?
   • Planning War in Peacetime (pdf)

German Preparations for War (and vis-a-vis Allies)

War by Timetable? (Role of Railroads)

Eastern Front (internal link)

Western Front, 1914-18 (Wikipedia)
   • War Times Journal • More
   • Chronology of Opening Moves
   • British Experience (detailed)
   • Western Front 1914-18 (w/ animated maps)

Germany Conquers Neutral Belgium (mini-portal)
• FirstWorlWar.com (portal) • Video

Belgian Army in August 1914

German Policy Toward Belgium, 1914-1918

Western Front, August 1914 (map, USMA)

Battle of Liége (August 1914)
• Fortresses of Liége • Armaments • Details
• Belgian Army & Forts

Siege of Antwerp (28Sep-10Oct 1914)
• More • More • More

Battle of the Frontiers (7 Aug - 13 Sep 1914)
• More • More • Video
• Maps • Animated Maps (French) • (English)

Battle of Mons (23Aug1914) • Video

Impressions of Paris (Aug 1914)

Allied Retreat (30 Aug-5 Sep, animated map)

Battle of the Marne (Sep 1914)
• Overview • Details • Details • Video

Race to the Sea (Sep-Oct 1914)
• Map (Wikipedia) • Map (USMA)

Christmas Truce, 1914 • More

Dardanelles Campaign (Gallipoli) (1915-16)
   • More • Timeline • More
   • Armored landing barges ("beatles")
   • Documentary • More
   • Kemal Ataturk: Defender of Gallipoli
   • First World War in Dutch Eyes
   • More • More • More • More
• Illustrated Magazines    • Map • Map
   • Engineer Support at Gallipoli
   • Gallipoli and RMA of WW I • pdf
   • Turkish Forces at Gallipoli

Gallipoli **** (e-book, c 1916) • by John Masefield
• Alt (Heritage History) • Alt2

River Clyde Landing

Impact of Naval Mines at Gallipoli

Gallipoli (photo essay)

Dardanelles Operation: Disaster or Genius?

Gallipoli's Aims & Reasons For Failure

2nd Battle of Ypres (Apr 1915) •More
• Gravenstafle Ridge (first gas attack, 22 Apr 1915)
• Poison Gas in WW I (internal link)

The Campaign of 1916

Battle of Verdun (Feb-Dec 1916)
• Overview (Dutch) • More

Battle of Verdun (DODS Verdun HS)
   • Table of Contacts (w/ music :p )
   • Verdun: Panaramic Map
   • The Bayonet Trench

The Forts of Verdun (1916)

Battle of the Somme (Jul-Nov 1916)
   • Wikipedia • BBC • More • Multimedia (BBC)
   • Animated Map (BBC)
   • Imperial War Museum
   • Lochnagar Mine Crater
   • "Battle of the Somme" (movie excerpt)

First Tanks and the Somme

Tanks in WW I (internal link)

The Campaign of 1917 • Map
• Hindenburg Line • More • More • Aerial Photo

Overview Map (1917-18) & Timeline

The Bullecourt Controversy (April 1917)
• Background

Night action (25th Glosters 6-7 Apr 1917: Ivor Gurney)

Passchendaele (3rd Ypres, Jul-Nov 1917) • BBC

Battle of Cambrai (Nov 1917) • More

Tanks at Cambrai (Nov 1917) • More
• HM Land Ships (accounts)

Mutiny of French Army (1917)

British Operations: The Importance of 1918

German Plans for 1918
• The German Offensive of 1918 • More • Map

Ludendorff Offensive (March 1918)
   • More (The War Illustrated)
   • Kaiserschlacht (1918, Animated Map)
   • German 1918 Offensives: Case Study in Op Level of War

Eastern Front • More • More
   • German Invasion of Russia
   • Eastern Front 1914-1915 (Hindenburg in Poland)
      • Map: 1914 • Map: 1915
   • Victories & Defeats of the Russian Army, 1914
   • Battle of Tannengerg • Video
   • First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (Sep 1914)
   • An American Journalist on the Eastern Front
   • The Great Russian Retreat (1915)
   • Kerensky Offensive, 1917

German Campaign in the East

Battle of Tannenberg (Aug 1914)
• More •More • OB • Video

Russia in WW I

Austria-Hungary & Russia At War

Italian Front • Balkan Front

Middle Eastern Theater in World War I

T. E. Lawrence • Wikipedia

Battle of Megiddo (Palestine, 1918)

America in the War (CMH) **** • More

The U.S. Army Overseas (CMH)

American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • More

Amerrican Armies & Battlefields in Europe
(American Battlefield Commissions book)
• Links to Individual chapters

OB of US Land Forces in the World War, v 1 (AEF)

OB of US Land Forces in the World War, v 2 (Divisions)

Birth of the Modern Army Division

US Divisions in WW I (data)

27th NY Division
• Breaking the Hindenburg Line

The US Army of WW I (Google book)

The US Marine Corps in WW I (Google book)

2nd Battle of the Marne (Jul 1918)

Hundred Days Offensive (8 Aug-11 Nov 1918)

The Challenge of the Hindenburg Line

Breaking the Hindenburg Line
   • Background of Hindenburg Line
   • Map: Ops in Sep 1918 • Oct. 8 • Nov. 1
   • Second Battle of Cambrai (Oct 1918)
   • Hindenburg Line & Final Breakthrough (Dutch)

St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne (Sep-Nov 1918) • Map
• The Lost Battalion • More
• St. Mihiel: Dawn of American Airpower (AF Mag)

Cote de Chatelion (Sep-Oct 1918)

Rethinking US Role in Victory (commentary)
• More

Medicine in WW I
• Medical Care on the Battlefield

The Great Influenza Epidemic • More • Spanish Flu

The Army Medical Department 1917-1941 • More

Medicine in the First World War (index)
  • Intro to the System
• Regimental Aid Station
    • Triage-Field Hospital Section
   • Ambulance Section
    • Hospital Train

Medical Care in the Battlefield

Life on the Western Front (medical focus)

New Zealand Medical Experience

Chemical Warfare (US Experience)

Military Medical Operations in the Great War

The Army Medical Department 1917-1941
• Battlefield Medicine: Ambulance Section

EPIDEMIC AT SEA: USS Leviathan 29 Sep - 7 Oct 1918

The U.S. Army and Influenza, 1918-1919

Influenza of 1918 (American Experience video) • More

How the Armistice Ended the Great War

The Armistice of 1918
• How the news was passed/received

The End of WW I (Russia out of war, BBC)

The Hundred Days Offensive (Final Allied Offensive)

Wasted Lives on Armistice Day

Occupation & Demobilization 1918-1923 (CMH)

Occupation of the Rhineland • Map (c 1923)
• Occupation Duty (CMH)

Armistice & Occupation **** (ABMC book excerpt)

Armistice & Occupation of Germany 1918 (w/ map)
   • After the Armistce (unit locations) (2nd Div)
   • Map: Stages of Advance to the Rhine ****
   • Maps, photos of unit moves Rhine, 1918 (2nd Div)

Armistice & Occupation of Germany 1918 (NZ, w/ map)
• More (NZ experience w/maps)

Soldier Life

US "Dough Boy" uniform & equipment

Soul of the Assault (soldier experiences)

The Poilu (French soldier)

Life of a Tommy

Life in the Trenches (British)

They Shall Not Grow Old (review, 2019 documentary)
• Trailer (2:24) • Clip (4:17)

1917 (video: first 9:30) • Details (15:02)

26th Division (Lorraine), 1918 (archival video: 37:38)

Quality of Command (UK, case studies)

Demobilizing the British Army

When the Boys Came Home

Terms & Expressions From WW I

Soldier Uniforms (early)

Uniforms & Equipment of WW I (all countries)

German Pickelhaube

German Stahlhelm, M1916

German WWI Equipmwnt & Uniforms

Writing the US History of the War (1919, JSTOR)

Movies About WW I

World War I - Sea

WW I Naval Campaigns & Battles

WW I Naval Chronology; 1914-15
• 1916 • 1917 • 1918

Navies of WW I (e-book)

Naval History of WW I • More

The Naval Race and the Road to War • More

The Dreadnought Race • More • More
• Completions by year • Dreadnought Images (models)

Dreadnoughts and the Western Front

WW I Warships (European)

German Navy Ship Multiviews

Jane's Fighting Ships for 1919

Navies of WW I

WW I Warships
• Ship Type Definitions
• Dreadnought Battleships

Origin of the Battlecruiser
• Battlecruisers of WW I

Imperial Navy in WW I (profiles)

History of the Imperial Navy (German) • Translated
• Another (in German) •Translated

German Navy Ships (photos: USN Historical Ctr)

German Deutschland-class Battleships

SMS Von der Tann (first German battlecruiser)

German Armed Merchant Raiders

Russian Battleships (plans)

The War at Sea (WWI WWW)

Blockade of Germany • More
• German Efforts to Counter Blockade

Analysis: U-boats & Blockade in WW I (Stratfor)

Importance of the War at Sea

Photos of the War at Sea
• Pg 2 • Pg 3 • Pg 4 • Pg 5 • More

WW I at Sea (BBC) • Index

WW I at Sea (About.com)

WW I At Sea (US NHC)

WWI Naval Combat

WWI Naval Battles (Summaries)

Naval War: Background & Opening Moves

Early Naval Actions

Pursuit of the Goeben and Breslau

Battle of Heligoland Bight (Aug 1914) • More

Battle of the Falkland Islands (Dec 1914)
• Detail • More • Images

Battle of Jutland (Skagerrak, May 31-Jun 1, 1916) • Map
   • Jutland: Clash of Dreadnaughts (documentary) • Part 2
   • Jellicoe: Grand Fleet & Jutland
   • Sheer: Highs Seas Fleet & Jutland
   • Battle Narrative • German View
   • Detailed Chronology of Battle
   • What Happened at Jutland
   • Daily Mirror Stories

Zeebrugge Raid (April 1918)
• More (Western Front Association)

US Navy in the War (e-book, 1919)

Submarines in WW I • More • More

U-boats in WW I (U-boat.net)
• U-boat Types & Details • More

Submarine History 1900-1918

Impact of U-boats on the War ****

The U-boat Threat (BBC)

First Battle of the Atlantic (BBC)
• Wikipedia

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

German Declatation of 4 Feb 1915

Conf on Unrestricted Sub War, 31 Aug 1916

German Declaration of 22 Dec 1916

Conf on Unrestricted Sub War, 9 Jan 1917

Neutral Rights & Submarine Warfare

Handelskrieg (Commerce War) Strategy

The U-boat Summer of 1918

Sub Attacks on US Coast (pdf)

American Reaction to Sub War

Submarine History 1900-1918

U-35 on Patrol

UB-88 (details)

UC-97

Diary of a U-boat Commander

Cargo Sub Deutschland, U-155 (w/ photos)
   • History (RCMH) • More • More • Photo
   • Postcards (some colorized)
   • Tech Details (w/ profile) • As U-155 • War Record
   • Voyage of the Deutschland (Köning, article)
   • Voyage of the Deutschland (Köning, e-book)

British R-1 Submarine (1918)

US Subs in WW I
• Loss of Submarine F-4 (1915)

RN Subs in Sea of Marmura (WW I)

RMS Lusitania • Portal • Details • More
   • More • Images • Images • Artwork
   • Profile & Plans
   • Lusitania Archive • U-20 • U-20
   • FirstWorldWar.com
   • Lusitania: An Epic Tragedy (book review)

US Troopship Sunk By Sub (May 1918)

ASW: WWI, WWII
• Listening through hydrophones
• Introduction of depth charge into RN

Menace Below the Surface

Dover Patrol

The East Coast Patrol

Antisubmarine Information (US Navy, 1918)

Subchasers • In WW I

Anti-Torpedo Nets on Ships

Mine Warfare in WW I • Alt
   • Mine Impact on European Naval Ops
   • Impact of Mines: Dardanelles Operation
   • USN Mine Countermeasure Ops
   • North Sea Mine Barrage
   • Post-war Minesweeping

North Sea Minefield (Roebling book)

Impact of Blockade on UK

British Blockade of Central Powers
• More • Detailed (JSTOR)

Merchant Shipping (statistics)
   • Losses 1914-1918
   • Launches, 1914-1918
   • Net Gains/Losses, 1914-1918
   • Losses, Convoyed v. Independent
   • Losses by Qtr & Area

Bridge to France (e-book)

US Merchant Marine in WW I

U. S. Merchant Marine Losses

USN Cruiser and Transport Force

WW I Era US Navy Transport Ships (photos)

Statistics: US Troops Transported

Q-ships • More • More

• More • Photos

German Raider Emden

Königsberg Incident (East Africa)

Italian Torpedo Boats

US Navy Ships (Nov 1918)

USS Texas (detailed!)

Cage v. Tripod Masts in USN

Leaders of World War I

FM Sir Douglas Haig: Worst General in WW I?

Gen. Payton C. March, US Army CoS • Alt

Lord Earl Kitchener

The Generals of WW I

British Milirary Leadership in WW I

Diplomacy in WW I

Diplomacy in WW I

World War I & Wilsonian Democracy (DoS documents)
• Diplomacy of the First World War

WW I Aftermath (internal link)

Return to Top

World War I - Air

The War in the Air (portal)
• More • More

Birth of Military Aviation

Genesis of Aerial Reconnaissance

Aerodrome (Aces & Aircraft)

Triplane Fighters

Fighting the Flying Circus

The Red Fighter Pilot (Richthofen)

Zeppelin Strikes Foreshadow the Blitz (Stratfor)

Britain & Bombing, 1917-1941

Night Defense of Britain WW I

Gotha Bombers Over England

Aeroplanes and Dirigibles of War (e-book, c 1915)

Airships in WW I & Interwar

Zeppelins

Zeppelin Offensive

Zeppelin Raid of August 1918

Impact of Zeppelin Raids on British Citizens

German & Allied Aeroplanes • Color Profiles

Aircraft Used By Germany In WW I (by year)

Flying the SE-5

Video: von Richtofen misson prefligt (c 1917)

Flying the Fokker Dr.1 Triplane • Details & Profile

Lafayette Escadrille (Escadrille de Lafayette) • Portal
• More • More • More • Aircraft of the Escadrille

US Air Service in WW I (video) • Article

US Aircraft Production in WW I
• Liberty Engine

US WW I Flight Training (video)

Eddie Rickenbacker • More

Billy Mitchell's Air Armada

St. Mihiel: Dawn of American Airpower (AF Mag)
• Billy Mitchell and St. Mihiel

Mitchell's Parachute Plan (AF Mag)

Lt. Yeulett, RFC, DFC
• Raid on Tondern

Frank Luke, Balloon Buster

Boelcke: Rules for Air Combat

Americans Fly Italian Bombers

War As Viewed By American Airmen

Fighter Guns & Snychronization Gear
• Wikipedia

Observation Balloons in WW I • pdf (w/ images)

Early German Parachute (graphic)

First Cruise Missile?

World War I Aftermath

The End of WW I (BBC)

Aftermath of WW I (Wikipedia)

Scuttling of German Fleet (June 1919)
• More • More • More • More
• Salvage Operations

Effects of WW I

Impact of Great War on Britain

The Peace Settlement (Tragic War, Futile Peace)

Paris Peace Conference (1919) • More

Versailles Treaty (Wikipedia) • Summary • More

Treaty of Versailles (full text) • Alt (w/ maps)

Treaty of Versailles & Consequences

Versailles: The War Guilt Clause

Wilson's Problems at Versailles

Versailles Treaty: Compromises & Impact

Europe Afer WW I (animated map)

Why Was It So Hard to Make Peace?

N Russia Expeditionary Force (1918-19)

US Intervention, Russian Civil War
• More • More (cached)

US Troops in Russia (1918)
• More (8th ID)

Changing Views of Great War (UK)
• More (then & now)

Economic Consequences of Peace (background)
• Review • Rebuttal (Étienne Mantoux)
• E-book (Keynes) • Alt

Economic Demobilization in US After WW I

The Versailles Thesis: Roots of WW I & II

Effects of WW I (summary)

Allied Occupation of Rhineland After Versailles (tutorial) • Occupation Of Rhineland : 1919-1920 (silent video)

Alsace Restored to France

US Intervention in Russia (portal)
• AEF in Siberia

Canadian Forces in Siberia

Aftermath of WW I(Wikipedia)

Casualty Statistics (internal link)

Misreading Clausewitz (re: WW I)

Progressive Impact of WWI?

Adolph Hitler in WW I
• More • Pvt. Henry Tandey, VC, & Hitler

Hitler & Remarque

Legacies of World War I **** (WSJ, 2016)

Sypes-Picot Agreement (Ottoman Empire Division)

100 Years of Gratitude for America in WW I

Yes, It Could Happen Again

Lessons of World War I

Lessons of World War I • More

Forgotten Lesons of WW I (2118)

Courage, Folly & IIndelible Scars

"Features of the War" (Fld Marshal Haig)

Catastrophe 1914: The Significance of WW I

Relevance of the Great War

What If the Allies Had Lost WW I?

Rethinking Lessons of WW I

Who Won the War?

Wargames: 1914-1919

Historian Commentaries (PBS)

Unlearned Lessons of WW I

Blitzkreig: Lesson of WW I

Learning Lessons in the AEF

British WW I Cemeteries

History of the Great War (ABMC, great period maps)
• Part 2 • Part 3
• American Military Cemeteries (WW I & II)

Why World War I Resonates (NY Times)

Yes, It Could Happen Again! (Atlantic, Aug 2014)

How Germany Faced Up to Its Past (1 Aug 2014)

Military Lessons of WW I

Inter-War Years

The League of Nations

US Debate Over League of Nations (lesson plan)

American Isolationism

Europe After WW I ****(Multimedia map)

Europe After WW I (1918-1931) • 1931-1939

World Events, 1918-1948 (timeline)
• Conflicts, 1918-1948 (timeline)
• Germany, 1918-1939

The West Between the Wars

Prelude to War Timeline (1933-1939)

The World At War (Versailles to Cold War)

Post-WW I French Attitude to Germany

Gathering Storm: WW I => WW II

European Tragedy of 1914, Multipolar World of 2014
• The Actuality of the Past: What is History Telling Us?

Detailed Global Timeline 1918-1948

War As Basis For Lasting Peace

Technology of War 1918-1939

Naval Disarmament Between the Wars
• More

Washington Naval Treaty (1922)
• Document • Treaty Cruisers

London Naval Conferences (1930, 1935)
• London Naval Treaty (1930)

Lexington-class Battle Cruisers

French Treaty Carrier Bearn

Treaty Impact on Battleship Design (pdf)

HMS Rodeney & Nelson

Anglo-German Naval Agreement ( 1935)

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) • Document
• More • Background • More

Maginot Line (internal link)
• Video

Contra View of Maginot Line

Contra View of German Attack

Maginot Line At War (1939-1940)

Stalin and the Great Terror

British Intelligence, Interwar Years

Soviet Tank Development (interwar)

German & French War Tech • pdf

Origin of Blitzkriege, WW I - WW II

Blueprint for Blitzkrieg (HistoryNet)

Airborne Operations: The Forgotten RMA

Events Preceeding WW II (timeline)

Causes of World War II

Road to War: WW II

The Road to War (History Learning Site)
• Timeline (1939-1945) • Timeline (1926-1945)

The Road to War (BBC series, episode list)
• Ep 1 • Ep 2 • Ep 3 (USSR: n/a) • Ep 4 • Ep 5
• Ep 6 • Ep 7 • Ep 8

Origins of the Second World War (AJP Taylor)
• The Taylor Thesis
• Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered (Martel)

Remembering The Road to World War Two

Diplomacy & Road to Another War (US DoS)
   • Japan, China & Road to Pearl Harbor ('37-'41)
   • American Isolationism in the 1930's
   • Henry Luce & American Internationalism
   • Atlantic Conference & Charter (1941)
   • Lend Lease & Military Aid to Allies
   • Wartime Conferences (1941-45)
      • Casablanca ('43) • Tehran ('43) • Yalta ('45)
      • Potsdam ('45)
   • US-Soviet Alliance (1941-1945)

When Did WW II Begin?

Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions That Changed the World, 1940-1941 (review) • More • More

The Road to War - Asia

Japan's History in Asia: 1853-1941

Open Door Policy to China (1899)

Japan's Quest for Empire, 1931-1945 (BBC)
• Imperial Powers in Asia, 1939 (map)

Imperial Japan Timeline: 1905-1945

US & East Asia 1915-1941 (NEH: lessons)
   • Pt. 2: US & Sino-Japanese Conflicts 1933-1939
   • Pt 3: Japan's March Toward War, 1940-1941
   • Pt 4: The Failure of Diplomacy, Sep-Dec 1941

US in China (interwar years, portal)
• Oral Histories

Yangtze Patrol
• The Unequal Treaties With China

US Subs on China Station (nterwar years)

V-class Subs (interwar years)

Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-45)
• More • More • More • More • Documentary

Nanking Massacre ("Rape of Nanking" Dec 37)

Panay Incident (Dec 1937) • More
   • USS Panay (PR-5) (history) • Photos
   • History of US Naval Ops in WW II (v 1, p 16)
   • Video (21:54) • Story Behind Video
   • US Note to Japan (13 Dec 37)

Khalkin Gol / Nomonhan (USSR-Japan, 1939)
   • Least Known, Most Important Battle
   • HistoryNet • Alt • More
   • Siberian Light (Details & Significance) • More
   • Mil History Online • First & Final Battles
   • Road to War (USS Washington,com)

Khalkin Gol (Leavenworth Paper) • pdf • Maps

Khalkhin Gol (Reader's Companion to Mil History)

Khalkin Gol: Air Operations

New Order in East Asia (Dec 38) • More

Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (Jun 40)
• More • Proclaimation (1940) • Map (1942)

The Origins of the Pacific War (Sagan)

Indo-China and Embargos ****

US Army: War in WW II: The War in the Pacific
• The Decision for War (US Army: War in the Pacific)
• The US and the Road to War in the Pacific (scroll)

Japan-US Trade: Rethinking Point of No Return to War

Japan's Decision to War (Command Decisions, Ch 4) • Alt

Japan's Decisions for War: Lessons (Jeff Record)

Japan's Decision to Move South

FDR Order Freezing Japanese Assets (25 Jul 41)

Japanese Statement on Embargo (6 Aug 41)

Last Chance for Peace? (Autumn 1941)

Why Did Japan Attack the US in 1941? • Outline

The Road to War - Europe

The Triumph of Hitler ****

Adolph Hitler (biography) • More • More
• Lineage • More • Documentary

Hitler's WWI Experience

Early News Mention of Hitler (NY Times, 21 Nov 1922)

Rise of Adolph Hitler (1889-1933)
   • Triumph of Hitler (1933-1939)
   • The Story Behind Hitler's Rise to Power
   • How Hitler Won Over the German People
   • Psychoanalysis of Adolph Hitler

Mein Kampf (Murphy translation) • txt
• Dugdale translation (pre-1939)
• Discussion • More

When Democracy Failed (1933) • Alt

Establishment of the Nazi Dictatorship

Nazi False Flags: Hitler and the Big Lie

Zweites Buch (Hitler's "Second Book," 1928)

Weimar Republic

Fall of Weimar Republic, Rise of Hitler

Timeline: Prelude to War (1933-1939)
   • Third Reich: Day-By-Day (1907-1939)
   • Third Reich Day-By-Day (Google book)
   • Timeline o f Germany's Rise (highlights: der Spiegel )

German Foreign Policy 1933-45 • More

Germany 1933 (map) • Pre-war Gains

The Road to World War II
• Eight Steps to War (acronym: SCRAMCUP)

Deutschland uber Alles

German Armed Forces, 1918-1935
• The Reichsmarine, 1919-1935

Hitler's Lieutenants: Himmler & Heydrich

Reichstag Fire (Feb 1933)
• Reichstag Building

Hitler Reveals His War Plans (5 Nov 1937)
• Hossbach Memorandum • Document

Hitler's Plan for War (1933-39)

Historic Value of Mark vs. £ and $

Nazi Propaganda (1920-1945)
   • Nazi Propaganda Posters (pre-1933)
   • 1933-1945
   • Hitler's "Seig Heil" salute (video, 1:30)

German Reamament Propaganda (1935)

Triumph of the Will (1935, fufll video, English subtitles)
   • Last 20 minutes (Hitler's finale w/subtitles)
   • Background • Synopsis
   • Scene-By-Scene comments • Alt

Third Reich Scenes (then & now)

Road to War in Europe, 1936-1939
• Pt 2 • Pt 3

The Rhineland Following WW I

Rhineland Crisis (March 1936)

France & Remilitarization of Rhineland • pdf

Munich Agreement (Sep 1938)
• Chamberlain's Statement
• Chamberlain & Hitler (National Archives of UK)

Appeasement • More
• Appeasement Reconsidered: Mythology of 1930's

Hitler, Man of the Year 1938 (cover, description)
• Article

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (23 Aug 39)

Axis Tripartite Pact (Sep 1940) • More

Germany Administration of Poland

Spanish Civil War

Spanish Revolution of 1936

Spanish Civil War
• Timeline

The Condor Legion (AF Mag) • More

Bombing of Guernicia, Spain (Dec 1937)

Spanish Civil War: Lessons Learned & Not

Bombing of Guernica (26 April 37)
• Guernica (painting: Picasso, 1937) • Analysis

US Military Between the Wars

U.S. Color-Coded War Plans • More • More

Rainbow Plans • More • Book • Review

Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow 5 (May 41)

US Army Between the World Wars

Innovation in the US Army, 1917-1945

US Strategy & Tactics, 1910-1939

Mobilization Planning Between World Wars

Evolution of Tank in US Army 1919-1940

US Weapons, 1910-39

US Army Louisiana Maneuvers (1940-41)

Developing Army Leaders Between Wars

Eisenhower as MacArthur's Aide

US Naval Prep for Pacific War 1931-1941

Sea-Power in the Pacific (1921 e-book, Questia)

Advanced Base Ops in Micronesia (USMC, 1921)

USS Macon (flying aircraft carrier)

The Army & Its Air Corps, 1919-1941

Court Martial of Billy Mitchell • More
   • More
   • Mitchell: Airpower Visionary • More
   • Ostfriesland Bombing Tests • More
   • Photo • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • w/captions

"The Bomber Will Always Get Through" (Baldwin, 1932)

Crash of the B-17 Prototype (1935)

Rendezvous With the Rex (May 1938)

US Debate: Neutrality vs. Intervention

Nye Report on Munitions Industry (1936)

Neutrality Acts • US DoS • More
• 1935 • 1936 • 1937

"Is Neutrality Possible for America?" (Nye, 1939)

Charles Lindbergh and WW II

"War & Peace" (Lindbergh Speeches, 1939-40)

The Atlantic Crisis of 1941
• War Plan Gray: Defense of the Azores

FDR in World War II (incldes runup, JSTOR)

The Cloud Over Charles Lindbergh

Naming World Wars

Naming World Wars (Global Security)
• Official Naming of WW II

Return to Top

Return to Top

World War II

Why Study World War II?

The War: A Concise History

WW II Overview (GlobalSecurity - links)

WW II Overview (MoreLawInfo.com)

WW II Europe (Colby College)

WW II Summary (Moonie - detailed)

The US and World War II (Maddox, e-book)

Fighting the War (Williamson Murray, e-book)
• The Revolution in Military Affairs

The World At War (British TV series)

Retrospective on WW II (The Atlantic, photos) • Alt

West Point Atlas: WW II (Europe)
• Asia/Pacific

Maps of the World Battle Fronts (US Army)

Military Maps of the Second World War

Maps of World War II

Atlas of World War II (Wikimedia Commons)

WW II Animated Maps (subscription required)

World War II Timelines (internal link)

The History Project (WW II essays)
• Essays • Essays

Eyewitness to WW II (narratives)

Quotations From WW II

Documents of WW II (Mt. Holyoak)

The Road to War: WW II (internal)

Events Leading to WW II (1931-44)
• Europe • Asia & Pacific

Causes of WW II (Long Term) • Short Term
   • Wikipedia
   • Three Approaches (essay)
   • Europe: Expansion & Failed Deterrence
   • Cause & Effect of WW II

Detailed Global Timeline 1918-1948

History of Nazi Germany (Spartacus portal)

War in Europe Timeline (The History Place)
   • Rise of Adolph Hitler (1889-1933)
   • Triumph of Hitler (1933-1939)
   • Defeat of Hitler (1939-1945)

WWII Overview

HYPERWAR: WW II Links • More Primary Source Doucments
   • U.S. Army in World War II
      • U.S. Army in World War II
   • U.S. Navy in World War II
   • U.S. Marine Corps in World War II
   • American Theather of Operations

World War II Database (articles, photos, maps)

Photo Collection: National Museum of WW II

WW II Portals

Wikipedia Portal    • Wikipedia
   • Encyclopedia Britannica * * * *
   • BBC: World War Two * * * *
   • world-war-2.info * * * *
   • History Learning Site
   • worldwar-2.net
   • The World at War (chronological & stats)
   • Army Ctr for Mil History
   • Lone Sentry (intelligence on German forces, more)
   • Spartacus
   • Military History Online (essays)
   • eHistory
   • WorldWar2.com (essays)
   • History Link 101
• Warfare History Network (WW II)
   • Internet Modern History Sourcebook
   • HistoryNet.com (articles)
   • WW II Campaign Summaries
   • World War II plus 55
   • People at War (National Archives)
   • Digital History • Articles
   • America in WW II (magazine) • Archive • More • Video
   • WW II Battle, People, Production (WW2 Weapons)

WW II Timelines

WW II Timeline * * * * (Encyclopedia Britannica)

WW II Chronology * * * * (Historic UK)
   • HistoryPlace.com (1918-45, links, photos)
   • Eyewitness to History: WW II
   • WW II Timeline (1931-1945) • Pacific
      • Planning & Strategy
   • BBC • Major news stories: linked
   • Chronology of WW II **** (detailed, referenced)
   • WorldAtWar.net (diplomatic timeline)
   • US Dept. of State: Mar 1938-Dec 1941
   • xtimeline.com
   • WW II Linked Timeline (extensive! statistics!)
   • National Geographic
   • OnWar.com (WW II by day)
      • America Prepares for War (Nov '39 - Non '41)
   • WorldWar2.com
   • World-War-2.info
   • WorldWar-2.net
   • eHistory
   • International Events (1938-1941)
   • Third Reich Timeline (1907-1939)
      • WW II Day-by-Day (1939 -1945)
   • Runup to War: Timelines & Documents
   • Epic Photos of WW II Timeline

Road to War in Asia (internal link)

Road to War in Europe (internal link)

The Warlords (video series)

Hitler vs. Stalin

Churchill vs. Stalin

Stalin vs. Roosevelt

War Begins in Europe (w newspaper headlines)

Declaration of War: Japan, 8 Dec 1941
• Germany, 11 Dec 1941
• Japanese Surrender Documents, Sep 1945

Hitler's Declaration of War (11 Dec 1941)
• Circumstances of Delivery to US
• Analysis of Hitler's Decision ****

World War II in Photos (The Atlantic)

WW II Multimedia Database

Pictures of WW II (National Archives)

Color Images of WW II • More

World War II Magazine • Archives

WW II History Image Gallery • WW II DB

Photos of the Depression & WW II (LOC)

WW II FAQs

Lesser Known Facts of WW II

Essays & Docs (Historical Text Archive)

WW II + 55 (running narratives)

Axis Countries

WWII Multimedia Database

WWII Comprehensive Narrative

Stars & Stripes WW II Portal
• Victory Edition: 8/15/1945
• Front Pages • Articles • Home Front Report

Bill Mauldin's Up Front (Google excerpt)
   • Bill Mauldin Bio • More • More (w/ cartoons)
   • Bill Mauldin Cartoons
     • Shooting Jeep • Seeking a Company of Infantry?
     • "Got a target"
   • Willie & Joe • Willie & Joe: Back Home (Mauldin, 1947)

WW II National Strategies

Allied and Axis GDP's

American Grand Strategy in WW II

Oil Strategy & World War II • More

US Strategy in WW II (Google book) • Review

Marshall Prepares US Army for War

Strategic Planning for Coaition Warfare

WW II Allied Grand Strategy

Europe (Germany) First Strategy
• "Europe First" Decision Factors

Command Decisions of WW II (key decisions, all sides)
   • Germany First
   • Japan's Decision for War
   • US Merchant Shipping to Support UK
   • The 90-Division Gamble
   • Logistics and the Broad-Front Strategy
   • Decision to Halt at the Elbe
   • Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb

Diplomatic History of WW II

American Diplomacy in WW II

Allied Strategy Conferences
• US DoS (1941-45) • Timeline • Map

Atlantic Conference (Aug 1941)
• Conference documents
• Atlantic Charter

Washington (Acadia) Conference (Dec 41-Jan 42)
• Details

Moscow Conference (Aug 12-17, 42)
• Video 2:25) • Newsreel (7:25)

Casablanca Conference (Jan 1943)
• FDR: Flying to Casablanca

Teheran Conference (Nov-Dec 1943)

Pacific Strategy Conference (Pearl Harbor, Jul 44)

Yalta Conference (Feb 45) • Video
   • Muddled Legend of Yalta • Yalta in Retrospect
   • The Agreement
   • Contemporary Perspective (Time, 23 Feb 45)
   • FDR Reports to Congress (audio, 1 Mar 45)

Potsdam Conference (Jul-Aug 1945)
• US DoS Summary • More • More

US, Britain & Econmic Warfare

Churchill's Southern Strategy (AF Mag, Jan 2013)
• More

Allied Strategy Against Germany

US-Soviet Alliance (1941-1945, DoS)

German Strategy (Strat Bombing Survey)
   • German Strategy (prewar)
   • German Strategy (1933-38)
   • German Strategy (1939-42)
   • German Strategy From 1943

German Strategic Plan

German Economy

Oil & Economics in German Strategy

German Economy & Strategy (JSTOR)

German Economy at War (JSTOR)

German Strategy & Tactics Resources (e-books)

Hitler and World War II (The History Guide)

Germany in WW II (summary)

Why Germany Lost the War • More

Military Leadership Analysis of Adolph Hitler

Hitler's Greatest Blunders (WW II mag, Mar/Apr 11)

Barbarossa or Sealion?

German "Plans" to Invade US (Life, 2 Mar 42)
• Update

German Army Battles & Campaigns (cached)

German Army Expansion & Mobilization

The Holocaust   • Holocaust Encyclopedia
   • Children of the Holocaust
   • Madagascar Plan • Document (July 1940) • More

Japanese Strategy & War Origins (internal)

Japan & World War II (portal) Ha

WW II Map Resources • More • More
   • West Point Atlas: Europe • Pacific
   • Time Magazine Maps (Europe)
   • Wikipedia
   • Battle & Campaign Maps: WW II

US Path to War (timeline: 1938-1941)
• Supporting Documents • More (Avalon Project)
• Chronology of Events (US Dept of State)

US Prepares for War (timeline)

US Pre-WW II Political History

Diplomacy & the Path to War (DoS, 37-45)
• US Foreign Policy Documents, 1931-1941
• US Foreign Policy 1941-45

US Foreign Policy in WW II (lesson plan)

FDR (American Experience video, 4:03:27)

FDR and World War II **** (JSTOR)

FDR, the Media & the Coming of WWII

FDR Biography • FDR's Children

FDR & US Foreign Policy, 1932-1945 (e-book)

FDR & Naval Construction, 1933-1945

The "Back Door to War" Theory

"How FDR Lied America Into WWII"

How FDR Failed America in WW II (e-Fbook)

Legal Analysis of FDR's Role • Links

US Neutrality Acts (1935-1939, internal link)

FDR "Quarantine" Speech (1937)

FDR & Search for US Policy, 1937-42

Belligerent Acts Before US Entry
• Economic Warfare & Belligerent Acts

Fateful Choices: 1940-41 (Google book)
• Which Date Should Live in Infamy?

ABC Military Staff Conference (Jan-Feb 41)

Lend-Lease (March 11, 1941)
   • Lend-Lease & Military Aid to Allies (US DoS)
   • Lend-Lease Act (document) • More
   • Lend-Lease to USSR

US Preparations for War (1940-1941)

US Strict Neutrality, 1939-1940
• US Armed Neutrality, 1940-1941

Reaction to Peactime Conscription (Sep 40)

Destroyers For Bases (Sep 1940)
• More • More
• Town-class Destroyers • More • More

Alliance w/ USSR & Lend Lease

War Powers Act of 1941

Iceland in the Second World War
   • British Invasion of Iceland (May 1940)
   • Marine Occupation of Iceland
   • US Marines in Iceland • Alt (pdf)
   • FDR Speech on US Occupation of Iceland

Pre-war US Operations in Greenland

The Atlantic Conference (Aug 1941)
   • Atlantic Charter • Documents • Period Reports
   • President Roosevelt's Memo on Trip
   • "US Should Get All Facts on Churchill-FDR Meeting"
   • The Atlantic Charter Smokescreen

Attack on USS Greer (11 Sep 41; FDR remarks)

Origins of Pacific War (internal link)

Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor (internal)

Germany Declares War on U.S. (11 Dec 41)
• More • More • What if ...

U. S. Army in WW II • Alt • CMH Portal

U. S. Navy in WW II • Overview

U. S. Marine Corps in WW II

U. S. Army Campaigns

Brief History of US Army in WW II

Mobilization in WW II (CMH)

Draftee Division: 88th ID Training & Deploymnet

Secret of Futre Victories (WWII Lessons) • pdf

Forging a Combined Arms Team

Defense of the Americas (CMH)
• Guarding the US & Its Outposts
• Framework of Hemispheric Defense

Ten Things to Know About US Army in WW II

Weapons & Technology in WWII (internal)

Logistics in WW II (internal link)

Mobilization in WW II (CMH)

Resource Mobilization (US, UK, USSR, Ger)

Military Production in WW II (all nations)
   • Aircraft Production, Losses & Costs (all nations)

US Home Front in WWII
   • American Home Front: WW II • More • Documentary
   • Library of Congress • More

US Home Front & War in 20th C (e-book) • Alt

US Home Front Issues (outline)

Attacks on Continental US
   • Shelling of California Oil Refinery (23 Feb 42)
   • Shelling of Fort Stevens, OR (Jun 42)
   • Sub-launched Air Attacks ( Oregon, Sep 42)
      • More • More • More • More
   • Japanese Balloon Bombs • More • More • More
     • More • More • More • Bibliography • More

German Saboteurs in US (Operation Pastorius) • More

Impact of War on Civilians in Hawaii (pdf)

Internment Camps (CONUS & Hawaii) • More
   • Relocation Centers (NPS) • Locations
   • The Imprisonment of Ourselves
   • Internement: America's Great Mistake
   • Photo Essay (The Atlantic) • More
   • Executive Order 9066 • More
   • Images of Manzanar • More Photos
   • Camps of California • Photos
   • Legal Issues • Camp Documents

Forced Importation of Japanese Latin Americans

Internment of American-Japanese by Japan

442 RCT: Nisei Soldiers • More

A People at War (National Archives)

Americans at War (Smithsonian)

Voices of WW II (radio clips)
• How America Heard the War (radio clips)

Civil Defense • Posters • Posters
• Airplane Spotter Cards • Spotter Poster

Mobilizing the U.S. Home Front in WW II

"The Home Front" (Time, Jun 1994) • More • More

American Experience in WWII (e-book)
• Vol. 3: The US and the Road to War in the Pacific

Housing for the Training Forces
• CONUS Soldier Life

US Naval Activities, WW II (by state)

Housing the Workforce (America In WW II)

Home Front Report (Stars & Stripes)

Homefront Magazine • More • More • Covers

America In WW II Magazine (home front)

North Carolina on the Home Front

Louisiana in WW II (w/ lesson plans)

This Is Your War (Ernie Pyle, e-book)

Ernie Pyle: Column Excerpts

Saturday Evening Post WW II articles

Life Covers • '41 • '42 • '43 • '44 • '45

The US At War (Time, Dec 22, 1941)

American Propoganda in WW II • 'More

Propaganda's Role, Objectives, Techniques

America Goes to War (National WW II Museum)

America Goes to War (1942 newsreels)

War Production (PBS)

"Manpower" (video) • Alt

Conquer By the Clock (HF production, video, 1943)

U.S. War Production (PBS) • Wikipedia

Significance of Arsenal of Democracy
• Mobilization of the Home Front (portal)
• Mobilizing For War (Digital History)

How the US Economists Won WW II (preview)
• Review

Mobilizing US Industry in WW II (Gropman)

Mobilizing the WW II Economy
• Impact of War on Economy • More

War Bonds • More
   • Defense Postal Savings Stamps • Examples
      • Album • Poster
   • Memphis Belle in bond drives
   • War Bond Aircraft • More

US Merchant Shipbuilding in WW II • Video

Liberty Ship • More • Video

Victory Ship • More

Liberty Ship-Victory Ship Comparison

Building Liberty Ships, WW II (video)
• Kaiser Shipyards Builds a Liberty Ship (article)
• Building Libery Ships (video)

Auto Industry in WW II: Gov't Rules
   • Preparing for War
   • Conversion to War Production
   • Overview & Stats
   • Chrysler Goes to War (pdf)
   • Chrysler & the B-29
   • Chrysler Military Production
   • Birth of the Jeep
   • Autos to Aircraft • pdf

Expansion of U.S. Aircraft Production

U.S. Aircraft Production, WW II (by service & type)
   • Background • Global Statistics
   • U.S. Production Records: How they DId It
   • U.S. Aircraft Production Facilities, 1944
   • Aircraft Production Images
   • Mass Producting P-38s • More • Details
   • Building a B-17F (42-29532)

Why Were B-17 & B-24 Produced in Parallel?

Air Force Plants • More
• U.S. WW II Aircraft Manufacturing Locations

Air Force Plant 2 (Boeing)

Air Force Plant 6 ("Bell Bomber" in 1944)
   • History of Plant 6 (Lesson Plan) • Photos
   • Under One Roof: Story of AF Plant 6 (ebook)
   • The Lockheed Plant (ebook)
   • The Bell Bomber Plant (ebook)
   • How Marietta Won the Bell Plant • More
   • B-29s Over Dixie (Bell Bomber plant video)
   • Birth of B-29 (video) • Inside B-29 Factory (video)

All government B-29 plants • More

USAAF Aircraft Modification Centers • More

Moving Aircraft to War: Air Transport Command
  • North Atlantic Ferry Route • Map
  • South Atlantic Ferry Route
  • South Pacific Air Routes
  • West Coast Wing (Fairfield-Suisun AAF)
  • Northwest Staging Route to Russia
  • ALSIB (USSR portion of staging route to Russia)

WW II Military Airfields (Brooks, by state)
• Flight Strips • Data Base • More

Developing USAAF Base Facilities

Army Airfields Constructed in WW II (DB) • Source
   • Army & Army Air Force Bases in US
   • Army Airfields in California • Ohio
   • Buiding Fairfield-Suisun AAF • Now Travis AFB
   • Post-war Use of Army Airfields
   • Abandoned & Little Known WWII Airfields (by state)

USAAF Individual Aircrew Training

USAAF Flight Training on the eve of WWII
   • Flying Schools & Primary Flight Training in WWII
   • USAAF Contract Flying Schools • More • List
   • USAAF Primary Flying - Overview
   • USAAF Primary Trainers in WW II • Manual (detailed)
      • Key USAAAF Trainers (scroll down)
   • Combat Crew & Unit Training
      • Pilot Flying Training Stages (graphic: primary, basic, adv)
      • Operational Training Units (OTU)
         • Bomb Group Training
            • Training Period for Heavy Bomb Grps (graphic)
      • Replacement Training Units (RTU)
   • USAAF Fling Cadet Recruitment Video (41:14)
   • Training of Ground Technicians & Service Personnel

Women at War (photo essay, all nations)

Women and the Home Front

Women in the Wartime Workforce

Rosie the Riveter • More • Painting (1943)
• Rosie the Riveter in World War Two

Rosie the Riveter / Home Front National Park

Our Summer in a Bomber Factory
• Review • Review • Review

WAC (Women's Army Corps)

Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP, internal link)

Women's Air Raid Defense (WARD: Hawaii) • More

Women at War (Redstone Arsenal)

Women's War Posters

Home Front Advertising (US)

Home Front Photos (Shorpy) • Home Front Color
• More • More • More

Family Scrapbook of WW II

Rationing in US • Wikipedia • More
• Ration Book • More • Food Coupons • Gas Stickers

Victory Gardens

World War II for Kids (children on the Home Front)

Spam Again (America In WW II, magazine)

Letters & Memories (Modern Maturity, cached)

Life in Wartime Washington DC

Baltimore in WW II (images) • Index

San Francisco in WW II
• Seacoast Defense in San Francisco
• Fort Mason (San Fracisco Port of Embarkation)

Georgia in World War II (GPB)

Montana in WW II (farm labor issues)

Texas in World War II • More

Axis POW Camps in US (list) • More
   • Operational Details • More • "The Fritz Ritz"
   • Camp Hearne, TX • Homepage • Camp Model
      • Lone Star Stalag • More • More • Links
      • History • More • POW Camps
      • Camp Hearne TX POW Camp
      • Map • Photos • Video
   • East Texas in WW II (e-book)

Patriotic Songs • Popular Songs

WW II Diary (photos, news clips)

Kate Smith and "God Bless America"

Broadcast News (comment & news, WW II era)
   • The War Before Pearl Harbor: Austria 1938 • Munich
   • Pearl Harbor • Normandy Invasion • More
   • Radio on the Home Front in WW II

"Watching the Radio" (America In WW II)

V-E Day, May 8,1945 • More • UK • International
• More (w/ radio clips)

End of the War (V-E Day to V-J Day)

V-J Day, Aug 15, 1945 (internal)

Bringing the Troops Home

War & Recovery

President Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Fireside Chats • 9 Dec 41
• Fireside Chats with audio

Four Freedoms Speech (6 Jan 1941)
• Rockwell Paintings & story

Franklin D. Roosevelt in WW II

State of the Union Address (6 Jan 42)

FDR as Commander-In-Chief

Canadian Military in WW II (articles)

Canadian Propaganda Posters

Early Days of WW II in Canada

Canada in WW II
• Home Front, 1939-40 • 1940-45

UK Home Front Portal (BBC) • Timeline • More
• More • Civilian Life • More • More
• Industrial Front

UK Home Front: Living With the Blitz
   • Timeline of UK Home Front • Evacuation
   • Propaganda Posters
   • London • Liverpool
   • Personal Experiences • More • More
   • First attack on London (7 Sep 1940, details)
   • ARP: Air Raid Precautions • Fire Watch
   • Blitz Bombing Campaign (internal link)

Where the Bombs Fell (interactive map, London, 1940)

"Keep Calm & Carry On" (Daily Mail, 19 Oct 11

The Wilcoxon Speech (from Mrs. Miniver, 1942)
• Background & Text • More • More

Know Your Ally - Britain (video, 42:06)

Home Sweet Homepage (Blitz life)

Cabinet War Room • Detail

Sinews of War (Imprl War Museum)

Rationing in the UK

Battle of Atlantic Impact (cartoons)

Civvy Street (life in London)

UK Home Guard • History

British WW II Homeland Deception

British Political Cartoons on the War

WW II as Total War (European Home Fronts)

Undercover Mail: Letters from Germany to UK/US

Churchill (LOC)
   • Churchill as Wartime Prime Minister
   • Churchill & US Entry in War
   • Churchill & Strategy for Victory

Churchill and the Gathering Storm

Churchill's Guiding Hand

Chruchill's Wartime Speeches
   • "Blood, Sweat & Tears"(13 May 1940)
   • "Finest Hour" Speech (18 June 1940) • Audio
   • "So Much Owed By So Many ..." (20 Aug 1940)
      • Audio

The Churchill Centre • Quotes
   • Finest Hour Online (e-mag)
   • Churchill's Major Speeches (lifetime)
   • Churchill Bio • Churchill Myths

Propaganda in WW II

American Propaganda in WW II

War Posters (portal) • More
   • More (all nations) • More • More
   • International Posters
   • Posters of Persuasion (National Archives)
   • More • More • More • More • More
   • Posters & Photos From WPA
   • Home Front Posters • More • More • More
   • War & Liberty Bond Posters
   • Navy • WAVES • Marines • USCG

Mobilizing A Nation • More (US Army History)

Political Cartoons of Dr. Suess (Theodor Geisel)

Propaganda Leaflets

G.I. Roundtable series
• What is Propaganda?

WW II Documentaries (HyperWar - downloads)

Allied Propaganda Films of WW II (list, Wikipedia)

Cinemocracy (WW II documentaries)

Video Clips of the Home Front (Media =>)
   • First pictures of American dead (Life, 20 Sep 43)
   • "You, John Jones!"
   • "It's Everybody's War"

The Wilcoxon Speech (from Mrs. Miniver, 1942)
• Background & Text • More • More

WW II Films
   • Entertainment/Propaganda
   • "Why We Fight" (Frank Copra) • More
   • "America Goes to War" (CBS)
      • More (detailed descriptions) • Wikipedia

"Manpower" (video) • Alt

WW II Propaganda Movies & Music

UK Propaganda Posters • More

Soviet Propaganda Posters

Hitler Background • More (internal)
• Timeline • Speeches

Joseph Goebbels (Minister of Propaganda)

Nazi Propaganda
• Posters, Pre-1933 • Posters, 1933-45
• Posters • More • More • More • More

German Propaganda Archive • WW II

Nazi Propaganda Films

Triumph of the Will (internal)

German Leaflets for US Soldiers (1944)

Life in German Cities

German Wartime Ads

German Saboteurs in US
• More • More • Resources

German Leadership Resistanace to Hitler
• More (Schwarze Kapelle)

The White Rose (Anti-Nazi Resistance)
• More • More • More • Dramatization
• White Rose Quotes • Leaflets

German POWs in America (Florida)

Secret War: Intell Ops in WW II

OSS in WW II

Intelligence Bulletins (US reports on enemy tactics)

German Intelligence Successes in WW II
• German Radio Intercept Ops, N Africa

Ultra: Codes & Codebreaking

Enigma Cipher Machine • More • Technical detail
   • Principle of the Enigma • More
   • Lorenz Cipher and Colossus
   • Other German code effots & countermeasures
   • Virtual Enigma (interactive - Mariners' Museum)

Enigma Secret (BBC video)

Codes & Ciphers in WW II

Bletchley Park
• Turing's Bombe
• Colossus Computer

Code Breaking Campaign

Enigma & Codes (Imprl War Mus)

Ultra as an Operational Weapon

Ultra vs. the U-boats • More

Enigma (Mariners' Museum)
• The Bombe and Anglo-American Cooperation
• American Bombes (Eastcote near RAF Northolt)

Enigma (NSA)

Enigma Machine • More

Enigma Machine Details • More
• Enigma Mail (simulation)

Ultra: Misunderstood Weapon

Cryptographic Math of Enigma
• Mathmeticians and the War Effort

Navy's Cryptanalytic Bombe

Turing's Treatise on Enigma

Army Experience with Ultra

Churchill & Special Intelligence

ComSec in WW II

SIGSALY (secure comm) • More • Photo

Cryptologic History

Navajo Codetalkers • Detail

Unconditional Surrender & Demob

Post-WW II Links (Wikipedia)

Historical Consequences of WW II

Legacies of WW II (BBC)

How Allies Won (BBC)

Factors Affecting Victory

Casualties (by nation)

World War II - Land

Atlas of World War II (Wikimedia Commons)

US Army in WW II (CMH "Green Books")

Brief History of US Army in WW II (CMH)

Army CMH E-books - WW II
   • Reader's Guide (index)
   • American Forces In Action Series (e-books)
   • US Army Grnd Forces Studies • Other Topics

WW II Commerative Campaign Brochures
   • Europe-Africa-Mid East • ETO • MTO • METO
   • Asia-Pacific • PAC • CPI
   • Defense of the Americas • More
   • Technical Services • Special Studies

Airborne Operations in WW II

Allied Airborne Operations in WW II

Land War - Europe

European Theater Overview

West Point Atlas (Europe) • More

WW II in Europe (animated map)

German Conquests in Europe 1939-42 (map)
• German Invasion of Western Europe (map)

Defeat of Nazi Germanuy 1942-45 (map)

German Armed Forces
• Wehrmacht • Rise & Fall (Time, May 1945)
• Know Your Enemy (US OSS, 1944 video)

Handbook of German Military Forces (TM-E 30-451)

Intelligence Bulletins (US Mil Intelligence Service)

German Military Machine
• Hitler's Foreign Legions
• Video clips of German ops • Photos

German Transportation System

Horses in the German Army • Alt
• German Horse Cavalry & Transport

Axis History Factbook

Wehrmacht Superiority Mythos Revisited
   • Rebuttal from Trevor N. Dupuy • GT (login)
   • Col. Trevor Dupuy Rebuttal
   • John Sloan Brown Reply

Analysis of German Military Power in WW II

Hitler's War Directives

Defense of Oslo (Apr 1940)

Maginot Line At War (1939-1940)

Maginot Line • History • More • Virtual Tour

German Panzer Generals
• Guderian • More • Quotes
• Rommel

WW II Begins (Centennial of Flight)

Germany Attacks (staff ride)

Blitzkrieg • BBC • More • More • More
   • Development of Blitzkreig • More
   • Guderian and the Development of Blitzbreig
   • Blitzkrieg in Retrospect • Risks in 1940, 1942
   • Stuka Tactics • More • More
   • Blitzkrieg Revolution
   • German Reaction to Blitzkrieg
   • Development of term "Blitzkrieg" • More
   • Video • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5
   • Blitzkrieg and the Manstein Plan

The Strategy of Blitzkrieg

Myths of Blitzkrieg • More
• The Blitzkrieg Myth (Google book)
• The Blitzkried Legend: The 1940 Campaign (review)

Myths of the World War II (Mosier)

End of Blitzkrieg, Death of the Wehrmacht (1942)

Blitzkrieg Revisted: Nazi War Planning

The Holocaust • More (Wikipedia)
• Timeline

German Operations & Campaigns (w/ maps)
• Operations & Campaigns, 1935-1945

Invasion of Poland (Sep 1939) • More
• German Invasion & Administration of Warsaw
• Bombing of Warsaw

Poland 1939: Birth of Blitzkrieg

German Fabrication of Incident

French Invasion of Germany (Sep 39)

The Phoney War • More
• Mechelen Incident (10 Jan 1940)

British Invasion of Iceland (10 May 1940)

Attack on Holland (10 May 1940)
• Bombing of Rotterdam

Belgium in WW I & WW II

Attack on Eben Emael • More
   • Background: Fort Eben Emael • More
   • Attack • Glider Assault • Pioneer Battalion 51
   • Video • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5

Battle of France (May 1940) • More • Maps
   • Animated Map (BBC) • Wiki
   • German (Manstein) Plan • More • More
   • Blitzkrieg and the Manstein Plan
   • German vs. French Tanks (German video)

France 1940: Blitzkrieg in the West (Google book)

Battle of Sedan (May 1940) • More
• German Breakthrough at Sedan • More

Compiègne: Armistice, June 22, 1940 • More

Battle of Dunkirk (May-June '40)

Operation Dynamo (evacuation) • More
   • Timeline • Statistics • Graphic (summary)
   • Evacuation Photos • More • Maps
   • Multimedia (BBC)
   • The Little Ships • Port of Dunkirk
   • Theories on the German Halt

"We shall fight on the beaches" (Churchill, 4 Jun 1940)

Dunkirk: Beginning of the End for Germany

Operation Sealion • Analysis of Plan • More
   • Battle of Britain & Importance of Air Superiority
   • Comparison: Sealion vs.Overlord
   • Sealion Wargame (Sandhurst 1974)

German Cover Ops Against Britain (1941)

European volunteers Against Bolshevism (video)

The Winter War (Nov 39-Mar 40) • More

Continuation War (Jun 41-Sep 44) • More

German-Soviet War (BBC)

Soviet-German War: Myths & Realities (e-book)
• Lecture By Author (video) • HTML

Soviet-German War: 1941-43 (CMH e-book, 1987)

German-Soviet War (Atlantic Monthly, historiography)

Germany's 1940 Planning to Attack USSR

Stalin's Role in the Coming of WW II

Did Stalin Plan to Attack Hitler?

The Great Patriotic War (Vectorsite)

Soldiers of the Great War (interactive map ****)

Invasions of Russia (1202-1941, video)

Battle of Russia (Why We fight - video) • Pt. II

E Europe & Russian Front (1939-45 w/ maps)

Generalplan Ost: Plan for Occupation of Russia

Operation Barbarossa (1941: Wilipedia)
   • Portal (detailed) • More • More • More
   • Russian View
   • Barbarossa Images • More • More
   • German Mistakes
   • Barbarossa Revisted: Opening Phases (JSTOR)
   • Logistics • Air Operations

The Strategy of Barbarossa

Barbarossa: Strategy & Mistakes

Failure of Logistics in Barbarossa

Barbarossa Analysis (June-Dec 1941)

Red Army and the Debacle of 1941

Impact of Winter Weather

Timing of Barbarossa: Hitler's Decision

Stalin & the Western Allies (PBS)
• Stalin Stands Alone • Maps

Siege of Leningrad (1941-1944) • Wikipedia

Soviet Strategy: Deep Ops, Defense in Depth

Soviet Defensive Doctrine (pre-March 1943)

WW II in Eastern Europe (1942-45)

German-Soviet War to 1943 (w/maps)

Battle for Stalingrad (1942-43) • Wikipedia
   • Urban Operations Case Study
   • PBS Video
   • Soviet Offensive (Oprn Uranus, Winter '42-'43)

Battle of Kursk (Jul-Aug 1943) • Details • More

Soviet Offensive of 1944

Forgotten Battles of the Soviet-German War

German Policies in USSR
• von Reichenau Order (Oct '41)

Hans-Ulrich Rudel, Stuka Pilot

Convoys to Murmansk & Archangel

The Eastern Front 1944

Russia at War 1941-45 (Russian view - extensive!)

Soldiers of the Great War (animated map - Russian)

German Mobilization 1942

Sportpalast (Total War) Speech (13 Feb 43)

Battle for Germany (internal link)

Mediterranean, Mid East & S Europe

Mediterranean & N African Ops (1940-42)
• More

Africa Axis-Allied (portal)

North Africa Campaign (animated map)

North Africa Campaign (World War II mag)

Field Marshal Montgomery

Operation Compass ('41-'42, animation)

Siege of Malta (Jun 40 - Nov 42)
• Oprn Pedestal (convoy battle; video)
• SS Ohio Arrives

North Africa 1941

North Africa 1942
• Operation Torch (Nov 42) • More • Map
• Algeria-French Morroco Campaign

North Africa 1943 (final Axis defeat)
• Kasserine Pass (Feb 43) • More

Battle of Monte Cassino ( Jan-Jan-May1944)
• Monte Cassino: details (WWII 60th: MOD)

Churchill's Southern Strategy (AF Mag)

Raids & Combined Operations
• Combined Ops Portal • US Combined Ops

Royal Navy Commandos

British SOE (agents)

Dieppe Raid (Operation Jubilee, Aug 42) • More
• Order of Battle • More OB

Dieppe Raid (Mil History Encyclopedia) • Part 2
• Air & Naval Operations • Air Ops
• Lessons Learned

Dieppe Raid (Admiralty report) • Pt 2 • Pt 3 • Pt 4

Dieppe Raid (Military History Online)
   • More (olive-drab.com)
   • More (Combined Ops)
   • More (Juno Beach)
   • History's Raiders (video) • Pt. 2

Reasons For the Dieppe Raid (pdf)

US Army Rangers at Dieppe (e-book)

St. Nazaire Raid

Exercise Tiger (Slapton Sands Incident, 28 Apr 44)
• More • More • More • More

Early Plans: Roundup & Sledgehammer

US Army in WW II: European Theater

UK Forces in Normandy Invasion

Logistiics in WW II (internal)

War in Western Europe (Pt 1: Jun-Dec, 1944) • Map
   • Background & Strategic Considerations
   • Plans & Preparation for Invasion
   • The Normandy Campaign

War in Western Europe (Pt 2: Dec 44 - May 45)

War in Western Europe: Maps (West Point map series

The Strategic Background of Overlorad

Normandy Invasion (CMH) **** • More

Operation Overlord (background & planning)
• Operations • Analysis

Operation Overlord (Invasion of Europe)
• Operation Neptune (Initial Assault: internal)
• Operation Cobra (Breakout from beachhead: internal)

Oprn Neptune: Invasion of Normandy (NHHC)

Normandy 1944 (Encyclopedia Britannica portal) • More

US Army in WW II: Cross Channel Attack • Alt

Applying the Lessons of Dieppe
   • D-Day Technology (video)
   • Specialized Landing Craft • More
   • Specialized Vehicles
   • Increased Fire Support: LCT(R) • More • More
   • Improved Arcraft Control
   • Provide Port Facilities (internal link: Mulberry)

Geographic Considerations in Oprn Neptune

D-Day: Planning & Execution • More

Strategic Deception for Normandy
   • Operation Bodyguard (strategic deception)
   • Operation Fortitude (military deception) • More
   • Dummies & Decoys • More
   • Airfield Deception • Naval Deceptions
   • Operations Glimmer & Taxable (RAF: tactical)
      • Operation Titanic (RAF: tactical) • More
   • Deception Bibilography

Eisenhower and Airpower (AF Mag)

Attacks on German Rail System (Sprg 44)
• More (CMH excerpt)

German Defense Planning & Organization
   • German Chain of Command
   • Hitler Directive 51 (defense in the West)
   • Fortress Europe

The Atlantic Wall • More ****
• Building the Wall • Photos • More • More • More
• Smashing the Atlantic Wall (ebook)

Rommel and the Atlantic Wall (Dec 43 - Jul 44)

Sealion v. Overload: Planning Critique

What did the Germans Know on June 6, 1944?

The Germans on D-Day

D-Day Through a German Lens • More

D-Day Through German Eyes (ebook)

Normandy Campaign (map) • Overlord Map
   • Invasion Conceived • Major Players
   • Weapons, Defenses & Maps • Video
     • Choosing an Allied Commander
     • Directive to Eisenhower (12 Feb 44)
     • Anglo-American Chain of Cmd
     • German Chain of Command
   • Normandy Beachhead (Britannica) • Map • Infographic
      • Utah • Map   • Omaha • Map
      • Gold, Juno & Sword (map) • Gold • Juno • Sword
      • Omaha Pre-Invasion Map (detailed)
   • Normandy Invasion Chronicle (D-1 to D+21)
      • D-Day hourly chronicle
   • Fighting Inland
   • Battle in the Hedgerows (infographic)
   • Breakout - Drive to the Seine (Operation Cobra)
   • Normandy Revisted (1945-   )

D-Day Order of Battle & Movement Plan
• Forces Available (both sides)

Operation Neptune (Initial Assault, 6-30 June 1944)

D-Day Portal (detailed) • Maps • Timeline • Photos
• The Assault • Operation Neptune
• Aircraft (profiles) • Landing Craft

D-Day Planning (UK MoD) • pdf
   • British Airborne Assault
   • Beach Organization
   • The Drive on Caen (Jun-Jul 44, pdf) • pdf
   • Breakout from Normandy (Jul-Aug 44, pdf)

Normandy Campaign • Summary Map ****

Normandy Campaign Maps (detailed)

Normandy Virtual Tour (interactive map)
• Overloard area, 1944 • Final Overlord Plan

Normandy Campaign Timeline (naval focus)
• Naval Bombardment (map)

Animated Maps: D-Day (Flash)
• Normandy Campaign (Flash)

D-Day Portal (Mil History Online)

D-Day Photos D-Day Video (intro) • Overview Video
• Narrated Campaign Summary (color, 9:58)

The Normandy Air Campaign • Alt
• Invasion Stripes • History • More • Application

Airpower Over Normany Beaches (e-book)
   • Pilot's View • More
   • 2TAF Over Normandy
   • Fighter Direction Tenders (FDT)
   • Allied Bombing in Normandy
   • Neutralization of German Navy • More

Anglo-American Chain of Command in W Europe

Eisenhower As Supreme Commander
   • Eisenhower Biography • Anecdotes
   • Eisenhower Library & Museum
   • Eisenhower's D-Day message

Patton's Speech (June 5, 1944)

Cross-Channel Attack (CMH, e-book) • Alt

Omaha Beachead (CMH, e-book)

D-Day +60 (MoD Portal, cached)
• Planning & Preparation
• Deception Plan

Normandy Battlefield Tours • Another • Another
• Photo Tour

Normandy Invasion Infographics

Invasion of Normandy: Operation Neptune
   • Policy and Strategy in WW II
   • Combined Strategy in European Theater
   • Grand Strategy in Operation Overlord
   • Tripartite Strategic Agreements (Tehran Conf)

Operation Neptune (details)
• Invasion Overview • Another • More

Allied Airborne Operations on D-Day
   • D-Day Minus One (US airborne prep & drop)
   • U. S. • More • Maps
   • British (Operation Tonga) • More

Troop Carrier Operations on D-Day
• Narratives • IX Troop Carrier Cmd OB
• D-Day Airdrop Segment from "Band of Brothers"

WW II Glider Pilots Portal • WW II Gliders
   • CG4-A Waco (Hadrian) troop glider • More
      • Detail Photos • More • More • Cockpit
      • CG-4 & Glider Troops • Cutaway • 3-view
   • Horsa troop glider • More
   • Hamilcar cargo glider • Cutaway
   • Assembling gliders in UK (Greenham Common)

Battle for La Fière Causeway (Normandy, 6-9 Jun 44)
• Details • More • Map • Video • More

Operation Deadstick • Pegasus Bridge
   • Details of Battle • More • More • Pt 2
   • Graphic • Map • Art Work • Self Tour
   • Documentary • Segment from "The Longest Day"
   • Pre-mission topographic report • Op Order
   • Recon photos (6 Jun 44) • More • Area photo
   • Battle site description • Pt. 2 • Photo (12 Jun 44)
   • Pegasus Bridge (Stephen Ambrose)
      • Significance of Pegasus Bridge • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3
   • Virtual Tour • Approach Route (drone video)

Pointe du Hoc

Forces Available On D-Day

Rommel and the Defense of Normandy

Ike's Decisions: Retrospective Look

Significance of Overlord

National D-Day Memorial (Bedford VA)
• Why Bedford? • The Bedford Boys (personal stories)

US Navy at Normandy • Photos • Photos
   • Operation Neptune (NHHC, detailed)
   • D-Day Naval Bombardment (map) • More>
   • HQ/Command Ships • Fighter Direction Tenders

US Coast Guard at Normandy

US Merchant Marine at Normandy

RN Amphib Forces (Combined Ops)

"Hobart's Funnies" (special tanks)

D-Day Logistic Challenge

Mulberry Harbors • More • More • More • Photos
• Details • More • More • Arromanches (map) • More
• Mulberry Harbors (video, 24:54)

PLUTO (pipeline) • More • More
• Post-war salvage

Rommel and the Atlantic Wall

von Rundstedt Report on Invasion (20 Jun 44)

German Video of Normandy Invasion

Normandy Virtual Tour (staff ride)

Normandy Documents

War Correspondents At Normandy

The Battle of Normandy (D-Day to D+84)

Impact of Invasionon on French Civilians

Operation Cobra (Breakout, 1 July - 19 August 1944)
• More

Southern France (Oprn Dragoon, Aug 44)
• Operation Anvil • Operation Dragoon

Report by the Supreme Commander ... on Operations in Europe (Eisenhower)

Normandy to Berlin, 1944-45 (naval emphasis)
• Newsreel Footage

Situation in W Europe (Market Garden case study)

Logistic Support of the Armies (v1, May41-Sep44)
   • Logistic Support of the Armies (v2, Sep44-Feb45)
   • Inception of Overlord & Logiic Aspects
   • The Overlord Logistical Plan
   • Logistics Limitations on Tactical Plnning
   • Port Discharge & Shipping Problems
   • Transportation Developments
   • PDF (Both Volumes)

Logistics and the Broad-Front Strategy

Operation Chastity: Plan for Additonal Port
• Virtual Tour

Antwerp & German Effort to Cut Supply Lines

The Netherlands and the Beginning of WWII

British Advance: Seine to Antwerp (25 Aug - 20 Sep 44)

Operation Market Garden (Sep 44)
   • Market-Garden details *** (WWII 60th: MOD)
   • Allied Plan (map) • Detailed Map
   • "History's Greatest Airborne Assault" • More
   • Market Garden: "Hail Mary" in Holland
   • Market Garden Reconsidered
   • Animated Map • Aircraft
   • Battle of Arnham • Why Arnhem?
   • Battle for the Bridge • Combat footage
      • Theres Is The Glory (video: 1:18:44)
   • Background to Theres Is The Glory
   • Arnham 1944: The Airborne Battle (ebook)
   • German View of Battle

Rhineland: Operation Market-Garden • Alt

Airborne Pathfinders

Dutch Resistance & OSS

Liberation of Paris

US Army v. Maginot Line (1944)

Battle of Hürtgen Forest • More • More
• Campaign Map • Aachen area map
• Fight for the Hürtgen Forest (USAMC, e-book)

Clearing of the Scheldt Estuary ( 2 Oct - 7 Nov 1944)

Battle of the Bulge • Map (objective v. actual)
• Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge (CMH, e-book) • Alt
• Images • Narrative (99th ID)

Battle of the Bulge (BBC)

Airpower in the Battle of the Bulge

Battle of the Bulge Air Strike

Bastogne: The First 8 Days (S L A Marshall)

Airdrop Into Bastogne (WW II Mag)

Bastogne Narrative (WW II Mag)

Malmédy Massacre

Patton & Battle of the Bulge (MHQ, Winter 07)

The Battle for Germany

German Western Front (Dec 44-May 45)

Battle for the Rhineland (e-book)
• Rhine Crossing (Operation Plunder)
• Canadian View

Operation Varsity (air drop) • More

Remagen Bridge (Mar 45)
• AirEvac by gllider pickup, Remagen bridgehead

Battle for Germany (Apr 45)

Recognition of Hitler on the Run

The Battle of Berlin

The Nazi's Last Stand (The Atlantic)

Fall of Germany - April 1945
• Commentary & Analysis

End of World War II in Europe • More
   • VE-Day plus 60 (Stars & Stripes)
   • Surrender Ceremony & Documents
   • More Surrender Documents
   • Rounding Up German War Criminals (video)

Reich Leaders on Reasons for Defeat

Post-War Aerial Photographs of Berlin
• More • More

Battalion Organization in WWII

Buffalo Soldiers in WW II (92d ID, Italy) • More

100th Division Portal

442nd Regimental Combat Team
(Nisei soldiers, most highly decrated US unit in WW II)

World War II - Sea

Maps: Naval Campaigns & Battles of WW II

US Navy in WW II (Hyperwar portal)
• Ships of the US Navy, 1940-1945
• Chronology of US Navy in WWII

US Navy at War (CNO's report) • Alt

Victory At Sea (David Kennedy, Atlantic) • Review

Victory At Sea (video series, online)
• Background • Episode List
• Victory At Sea theme • Music background

History of US Naval Ops in WW II (Morison)
   • Vol. 1: The Battle of the Atlantic, Sep 39 - May 43
   • Vol. 3: Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931- April 1942
   • Vol. 10: The Atlantic Battle Won: May 43 - May 45
   • Vol. 13: Liberation of the Philippines
   • Vol. 14: Victory in the Pacific, 1945

US Naval Chronology, WW II

US Naval Historical Ctr Resources
• WW II Navy Oral Histories
• US Navy Art Collection

Battle Stations (history of US naval forces in WW II)

Naval Encyclopedia of WW II

US Navy Pre-War Activities

Early Casualty (USS Reuben James)
• Model & Details

US Naval Strategy (S E Morison)

Planning For War: Japan, Germany or Both

Navy Dept. Communiques (1941-45)

Naval Aviation in WW II • More (articles, pdf)
• US Naval Aircraft

Warships of WW II (all nations) • More

Ships of WW II (profiles, specs) • USN ships

Allied Warships

Battleships of WW II

Cruiser Operations in WW II

Aircraft Carrier Warfare in WW II (1939-41)
   • 1941-43 • 1943-45
   • Aircraft Carriers in WWII (documentary)
   • WWII Aircraft Carriers (all nations)

Royal Navy in WW II (e-book) • RN Aircraft Carriers
• Fleet Air Arm Aircraft, WW II

Royal Navy Submarines in WW II
• Torpedo Attack

US Navy in WW II (e-book)

Ships of USN in WWII (Hyperwar)

US Ship Construction
• Small Ship Construction

Submarine History 1939-45

Role of the Submarine in WW II

Analysis of Sub Warfare in WW II

US Torpedo Scandal (1941-43)

Amphibious Warfare in WW II (internal link)

U. S. Merchant Marine in WWII (internal link)
• Men and Ships • Losses to Mines

British Merchant Navy

Liners at War (UC, May 05)

Aircraft Repair Ships (Project Ivory Soap) • More
• ARS: SS Brig. Gen. Alfred J. Lyon • More
• More` • Pt. 2 • More

Preserved US Ships of WW II

Kriegsmarine Ships (w/ profiles) • Photos

Anti-Submarine Warfare (WW II)

Atlantic/Europe

European Naval War Timeline 1939-1945
• Campaigns Around Britain (stats)

Battle of the Atlantic Timeline

Battle of the Atlantic Map ('39-'41) • '43-'45 • More

The War at Sea (Mike Kemble portal)

Kriegsmarine Encyclopedia

European Naval Campaign (1939-40)
• July 1940 - June 1944

British Occupation of Iceland (May 1940)
   • More

Battle of the Atlantic
   • Imperial War Museum
   • Mariners' Museum • Photo Ring
   • BBC • Photos • Animated Games
   • HistoryPlace.com
   • The World At War
   • Royal Navy History
   • U San Diego (linked chronology)
   • Wikipedia
   • Military History Online
   • Merseyside Maritime Museum (Liverpool)
   • US Merchant Marine • Stats
   • Mike Kemble
   • The History Learning Site
   • U-boats & Battle of Atlantic
   • Unterseebootwaffe
   • Battle of the Atlantic photos
   • Battle of the Atlantic Essays ****
   • U-boat "Sea Wolves" (video) • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5

Battle of the Atlantic (Morison, excerpts)
• 1939-43 • 1943-45 (pp 12-14, Allied views)

Battle of the Atlantic Video

The Battle That Had To Be Won (Naval History)

Battle of the Atlantic Chronology & Stats
• Technology in the Battle of the Atlantic • More

Battle of the Atlantic Glossary (& photos)

US & German Sub Warfare Theory & Doctrine

Defeat of the U-boats in WW II (JSTOR)

Battle of the Atlantic Articles

Atlantic Neutrality Patrol • More • More

USS Reuben James (31 Oct 41)
• Model & Details • More (plus song)

Adm. Karl Dönitz

Plan Z (Kriegsmarine expansion plan, 1935- )

The Mine Threat • More
• US Mine Losses

Convoy OS.33 (July 1942)

U-boat Operations (Uboat.net)
• U-boat Tactics • U-boat losses

"First Happy Time" (July '40-Spring '41)

Convoy Battles • Maps • Wolfpacks

Operation Drumbeat (Jan-Aug 42)
   • "Second Happy Time"
   • More • More • More • Book Review
   • Attacks off Hatteras • NY • More (pdf)

First US U-boat Kill (Apr 42 - detailed)

U-boat Archive

U-boat History • site map

U-boat War (Kemble)

Treatment of Suvivors By U-boat Crews

Laconia Incident (Sep 42)

U-Boat Bunkers • More

History of U-boats in WW II

German WW II Submarine Design (scroll)

U-boat types • More • More
   • U-boat Photos • More (color) • List of Boats
   • U-boat Details • Profiles • Profiles
   • Type VII • More • Video
   • Type IX • More • More (scroll down) • Details
   • Type XIV Milchkuh
   • Type XXI • More • Details • More

U-boat Details (virtual tour)

U-boat Technology • More

Walter (closed-cycle) Propulsion

German Torpedoes

German U-boat Rockets

Schnorkel (Schnorchel)

U-35 Wartime History

U-166

U-boat History: U-181

Sinking of U-352: First Blood

Capture of U-505 (4 Jun 1944) • More
• Secret Capture of U-505 • German Perspective
      • Capturing & Saving U-505 • Video
      • Capture of U-505 & Germn POW experience
      • U-505 CO Statement • Crewman's Story
   • U-505 history • More • Images
      • The U-boat Menace
      • USS Guadalcanal (CVE-60) (5 parts)
      • U-boat Archive (photos & documents)
      • Capt. Dan Gallery (commander TG 22.3)
   • U-505 (Chicago museum) • Moving U-505 • Inside U-505
      • Find the U-505 (interactive game)

Captured German U-boats
• U-110 • Photo • U-505 • U-559
• U-570 • More

German Mini-sub Biber

FW-200 Condor (maritime reconnaissance) • More
• Multi-view

Loss of SS Dorchester (23 Sep 43)
• The Four Chaplains • More

Fighting the U-boat
• Allied Ships & Navies • Allied Air Forces
• Air War at Sea

Defeat of the German U-boats (NetLibrary)

Battling U-boats in the Bay of Biscay

Battling U-boats in American Theater
   • RCN Anti-submarine Ops • First Convoys
   • Newfoundland Escort Force
   • Plans for US Involvement
   • More • More • More

New Technology Against U-boats (video)

ASW: WWI, WWII

"Sharks in American Waters" (1942)

Intelligence in the Atlantic War (JSTOR)

Operational Intelligence Against U-boats (HF/DF)

Detecting U-boats (Infographic)

Anti-sub Weapons

Aerial ASW History

Airpower in the Battle of the Atlantic (JSTOR)

U-boat Hunting Blimps • K-ships • More

US Navy Non-Rigid Airships
• WW II Convoy Escort • More • Photos
• Blimp Ops at Lagens (Lajes) Field • More

Catapult Armed Merchantmen (CAM)
   • Ops Details • More • Model
   • More • CAM Ship Empire Darwin • Photo
   • Hurricat • More

Destroyer Escorts • Building DEs
   • DEs in WW II
   • History of DEs • In Atlantic
   • DE Actions in WW II
   • USS Francis M. Robinson DE-220
   • USS Slater DE-766

British Flower-class corvettes • More • Plan
• More • USN Flowers • USCG
• HMCS Sackville

HMS Mermaid (RN escort: narrative)

Hunter-Killer Groups (Mariners' Museum)

Escort Carriers • More • More
• USS Bogue CVE-9
• USS Guadalcanal CVE-60

Airpower & Battle of Atlantic

US Navy Q-ships

Ultra vs. the U-boats • More
• Anglo-American Cooperation on Ultra

Defeat of the U-boats: 1943 (NSA)

Voyage of U-234 (book review)

U-869 Virtual Tour • U-869 Survivor

Rescue Ships

US Coast Guard in WW II
• USCG in North Atlantic
• Greenland Patrol

Comparison: US & German Sub Campaigns

US, German Sub Campaign Results

Kriegsmarine ships • More • More
• Battleships • Cruisers • Raiders
• Aircraft Carrier • More • KMS Graf Zeppelin • More

Battle of the River Plate (Dec 1939) • More • More
   • Map • Animation • Documentary
   • Pocket Battleship Graf Spee • Wikipedia • Video
   • Langsdorff of the Graf Spee
   • HMS Exeter    • HMS Ajax • Design detail
   • HMNZS Achilles • Battle Report

German Armed Merchant Raiders

Altmark Affair (Feb 1940)

Raider Penguin (video)

Raider Stier v SS Stephen Hopkins (27 Sep 42)
• More • More

German Raiders • Tactics
• Raider Atlantis • Layout & Data
• Raider Tactics

Royal Navy in WW II (naval-history.net)
• Campaign & Battle Maps

Attack on French Fleet (Mers-el-Kebir, Jul 1940)
• Operation Catapult (3 Jul 40) • More • More

Attack on Taranto (Nov 40) • Map • Video
   • Regia Marina Italiana
   • Fleet Air Arm Archive • Royal Navy History • More
   • Description & Art • More • More

Operation Rheinubung (Bismarck sortie, May 41)
   • More • Details
   • Ships Involved (w/ profiles & photos)
   • Battleship Bismarck • More • More • More • Video
   • HMS Hood Details • Video • Loss of Hood

Battle of the Denmark Strait (May 41) • Video

Bismark's Final Battle
• RN Torpedo Attacks on Bismark

Naval Intelligence in Sinking of Bismark

Channel Dash (May1941) • Video
• Battleship Scharnhorst • Detailed history
• Battle of North Cape (end of Scharnhorst, 26 Dec 43)

Battle of Calabria (Jun 1941)

Channel Dash (Feb 42)

Malta Convoys
• Oprn. Pedestal and SS Ohio (1942) • More

Operation Overlord (internal)

USS Augusta: • North Africa • Overlord

French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir

USS Ranger Off Norway (Oct 43)

Battleship Tirpitz • Recognition Drawing
• Destruction by RAF, 1944 (documentary) • More

Russia Convoys • Details

Loss of Japanese Sub in Atlantic (RO-501)

Sub Rendezvous: U-530 & I-52
   • More    • More (scoll down)
   • History of I-52 (cargo sub)    • More

     Pacific

Pacific War Online Encyclopedia ****
• Chronology • Contents • Map

Pacific War: Strategy, Politics, Players

The Pacific War (Strategic Bombing Survey)
• Overview (Wikipedia) • More • More

Pacific Theater of Operations (documentary)
• Monograms on Individual Campaigns (Hyperwar)

Pacific Campaigns (US & Allied) • Pt. 2 (1943-45)

Timeline of the Japanese Empire (20th Century)
• Timeline of Japan's Road to War (National Geographic)

Origins of the Pacific War (JSTOR)

Origins of Pacific War: Japan's Strategy
• July 1941 • Decision for War (Fall 1941)

Japan's Road to War • Video (9:09-19:38)

Prince Fumimaro Konoe & Japan's Path to War

Japan's Decision to Move South (1941)

Japan's Decision: Enduring Lessons (Jeff Record)

Pacific War: Origins & Conduct

Peace & War: US Foreign Policy 1931-41

Debate: US Pledge to UK in Pacific (JSTOR)

Japanese Strategy, Early WW II

Japan's Original Strategic Plan • Map
• Modification (1942)

Revised Japanese Strategy (1943) • More

Role of Emperor: Road to War (bk rvw)

Road to War: Diplomatic History

Japanese Legal Case for War

Japan's Quest for Empire 1931-1945

Japan's Occupation of Indochina (Sep 1940)
• Vichy Indochina vs. Japan

Indochina & US Embargo on Japan

Japan's Strategy For War (pp 499-502)

The Enemy Japan: The People (1943 US propaganda)

Prelude to War in the Pacific

US Navy Planning for WW II

US Pacific Plan (pre-Dec 41) • More

Events Leading to Pearl Harbor Attack • More

US Plan for Preemptive Strike (pre-Pearl Harbor)
• More • Book

Prologue to Pearl: Spy Flight That Wasn't **** • Pt. 2
• Summary of Planned Overflight Missions (early Dec '41)

Grand Strategy in the Pacific (JSTOR)

US Pacific War Strategy: 1941-1944

Pacific War Strategies (1941-1943, US Army in WWII)

US Pacific Strategy (pp 504-8)

US Pacific Naval Strategy **** (Morison)

War in the Pacific Islands, 1942-1944

Pacific Strategy Conference (Jul 44)
• FDR Visits Hawaii (scroll to 28 Jul 2010)
• Role of Australians in Campaign

US Navy Comm Int (1924-1941) • Alt

Naval Battles of the Pacific War (w/ links)

Bacific Battles (National Park Service)
• Documentary

Crusade in the Pacific (26-part documentary)

War Comes to the Pacific (HyperWar)

Pacific War Timeline (1941-1945)
   • PBS • WW2Pacific.com
   • More (w/ documents on occupation)
   • Pacific War Timeline Map • Another

Victory At Sea (David Kennedy, Atlantic)

Collision Course in the Pacific (DigitalHistory)

Oil Logistics in the Pacific War • More

Japan, Oil and the Embargo, 1940-1941

US Early Pacific Strategy (to 1943)
• Prewar US • Prewar Japanese

Strategy: War Plan Orange

WW II in the Pacific (extensive portal)

Pacific War Historical Society

Pacific War Campaigns (portal)

U. S. Navy Pacific War (portal)

USAAF in the Pacific War (portal)
• Early Experience (P-35 Pilot) • Original (cached)

Japan at War (portal)

Major Pacific Battles (NHHC) • More

Pacific War Timeline

Pacific War Maps (USMA Atlas) • More

Pacific War Animated Maps

Naval Air War in the Pacific

Battle for Australia (good war overview)

Dutch East Indies Campaign (1941-42)

Comparative Fleet Strength (Dec 1941)

Navy Communiques (Dec 41 - May 45)

US Preemptive Strike Plan (Nov 1941)

Aerial Reconnaissance in Far East

Admiral "Bull" Halsey (bio)

Pre-Attack Intelligence (internal link)

Preemptive Strike Against Japan (book)
• Review

Pearl Harbor Aerial View (30 Oct 41) • With captions
• Sub Base & Oil Tanks (13Oct41) • Larger Image
• Pearl Harbor Hydrographic Chart

Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard (history)

PH: Why, How, Salvage, Final Appraisal • Intro
   • Ch. 2: The Trends Toward War
   • Ch. 5: Imminence of War
   • Ch. 6: Attack, Strategy & Tactics

Pearl Harbor (Imprl War Museum)
   • Photos (1940-41)
   • Preparation & Preparation
   • Third Wave Debate • More
   • Impact of No Third Wave
   • Aftermath of Attack

Pearl Harbor Attack Resources (HyperWar)

Planning & Execution (Strat Bombing Survey)

Pearl Harbor Attack (Ctr Military History)

Attack on Pearl Harbor (Wikipedia)
   • Short video summary
   • Naval Historical Center • Photos • More
      • Pearl Harbor Attack: Fact Sheet
   • Remembering Pearl Harbor (NPS Lesson Plan)
      • Pearl Harbor Attack
   • PH Attack: Animated Map
   • PearlHarborAttacked.com (detail links)
   • Arizona Preservation Project • More
   • WW2Pacific.com Details • More
   • Pacific War Encyclopedia
   • Overview (Military.com)
   • War Times Journal
   • New York Times Topic: Pearl Harbor
   • NavSource Naval History
   • World War II Air Power
   • Failure of US Airpower Early in War
   • Pearl Harbor Timeline (Time)
   • Pearl Harbor Timeline (deck logs)
   • History Place (timeline)
   • Time magazine (Dec 2001) • More
   • Pearl Harbor Staff Ride (C&GSC) • E-book

Pearl Harbor Articles (Stars & Stripes, Dec 91)

US Ships at Pearl Harbor • Battleships
• Other US Pacific Fleet Ships on 7 Dec 41

First US Shots of WW II (USS Ward)
• USS Ward • More • Image • Book Excerpt
• After-Action Report • Ward Victim Found • More

Mini-Subs at Pearl Harbor • More
   • Japan's Type-A Mini-Subs • Photos
   • Profile • Compared to US Fleet Sub
   • Fate of Five Mini-Subs
   • Grounded Mini-sub HA-19 at Bellows Flield HI • More
   • Mini-sub Controversey • Discussion • Photo

Images of Pearl Harbor Attack (NHHC)
   • Overall Views of Attack
   • Battleship Row    • More • More
   • USS Arizona & USS Utah Images • Alt
   • More • More • More • More
   • Photo Essay • Battleship Row (w/ detailed annotation)

December 7th (John Ford Documentary, 1943 - 1:54;58)

Video of Attack • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3
• First Newsreel Footage (6:15)
• Aftermath of Attack

Details of Events at Pearl Harbor (NPS)

Articles, US Naval Institute

Pearl Harbor Map (ship locations, 7 Dec 1941)
• Ford Island Map
• Animated maps of attack (WTJ)

US Subs at Pearl Harbor

Location of US Carriers During Attack

CINCPAC After Action Reports

How We Underestimated Japan (Atlantic, Jul 48)

Why Weren't We Warned? (strategic warning)

The Four Most Fateful Words At Pearl Harbor

Ship Damage Summary (CinC Pac Fleet) • More
• Audio-Slide Show
• Photos (including aerial)

PH Post-Attack Suvery Photos (10 Dc 41)
   • Battleship Row(aerial, 10Dec41)
   • Drydock Area (aerial, 10Dec41)
   • PH Navy Shipyard (aerial, 24Jul42)

Salvage Operations
   • Video (Pt 1: The Smoke Clears) • Pt 2 • Pt 3
   • Photos • More • Drydocks
   • Oklahoma & Utah Salvage (slide show)

USS Arizona Operational History
   • More • Slide Show • Images
   • USS Arizona on Day of Attack • Video
   • Battle Damage & Salvage • More

USS Arizona Preservation Project
• USS Arizona Memorial Interment Ceremony
• Submerged Cultural Resource Study (NPS)

USS Nevada • Images • The Nevada's Run

USS Oklahoma: Death of a Battleship
• More on losss of USS Oklahoma (2015)

Salvaging USS Oklahoma
• PDF Briefing • Images
• Oklahoma Escapes Indignity of Scrap Heap (May 47)

USS Utah Attack • More on attack

USS Utah Salvage • More

USS West Virginia Salvage

USS Shaw Duirng Attack • Recovery

AAF at Pearl Harbor • More
• George Welch • More

Memorials, Myths, Symbols of the Attack
• Spring 1942 (video: recovery underway)

How the Japanese Did It (Naval History mag)
• Underestimated Capabilities (US Naval Institute)

Japanese Intellignece Successes in WW II

Japanese View of Attack • More • More
• IJN Propaganda Video (color) • More • More
• Documentary video

Japanese Operations Plans & Orders

Japanese Post-Mission Debriefing

IJN Ships in PH TF (and their fate)
• More • More • Silhouettes
• DD Ushio: Sole attack force survivor • History

Mitsuo Fuchida (attack leader)

Minoru Genda (attack planner)

Japanese Aircraft at Pearl Harbor

Japanese Ordnance Used In Attack
• Modified Type 91 Torpedo (image)

FDR's Day of Infamy Speech (Nat Archive)
   • FDR's Reaction to News of Attack
   • Radio Broadcast w/ photo of FDR • Photo only
   • Full radio boradcast • Alt • Transcript • Original

Impact: Germany Declares War on U.S. (11Dec 41)

PH Attack - Congressional Hearings
• Sequence
• PostWar Hearings • Links

Orders of Battle (both sides)

CINC Pac Fleet Intel Summary (27 Nov 41)

"Magic" Background of Pearl Harbor
• Warnings From Message Intercepts
• Details of Magic Traffic

With Magic, Why Were We Suprised?

Intelligence Prior to Attack

Code Breaking in Pacific War • More
• Braking the Japanese Code (documentary)

Priceless Advantage (COMINT)
• Ch. 1: COMINT and Battle of the Coral Sea
• Ch. 2: COMINT at Midway and the Aleutians

Double Edged Secrets ... (W.J. Holmes)
• J W Holmes & Application of COMINT

Cryptopogy & Battle of Midway (NSA)

Midway: Implications of Information & C² (pdf)

Operational Deception at Midway
• Origin of "Midway Has No Water" Ruse

Nimitz

MacArthur • Detailed Biography
• Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific
• Truman on MacArthur (diary entry)

Pacific Strategy Confernence (Jul 44) • Photo

Yamamoto • More (USN History) • Misquotations
• The Reluctant Admiral: Yamamoto and the IJN
• Yamamoto shootdown (Apr 43 - internal link)

Op Leadership: Nimitz vs. Yamamoto (pdf)

The Pacific War: Animated Maps ****

Pacific Theater of War (National WWII Museum)

The Battle of the Pacific (Time, 29 Dec 1941)

Attack on Philippines (8 Dec 41) • More

Defense of Wake Island
• History of Wake • Photos

Old China Hands (stories)

Loss of Repulse & Prince of Wales (Dec 1941)
• Combat comic book

Early Pacific Raids (Feb-Mar 1942) • Alt • More

Dutch East Indies Campaign (1941-42)

Pacific Clipper: Westbound Home After PH Attack

Second Attack on Pearl Harbor (Mar 42)
   • Echo of Infamy: Second Attack on Pearl Harbor
      • Video (16:58)
   • Operation K • More • More • More • More • Video
   • Operation K and link to "Rendevous" article
   • E-book • Honolulu Advertiser (16 Mar 09)
   • French Frigate Shoals • More • Map
   • Kawanishi H8K Emily • More (internal link)
   • Photo: Emily with I-class submarine

Japanese Attacks on West Coast (internal link)

The Tide Turns (HyperWar portal)

Doolittle Tokyo Raid (18 Apr 42)
   • Documentary • Newsreel • Video
   • Mission Overview (NMUSAF) • Aircraft
   • Naval Overview • More • Photo Portal • Map
   • Infographic (USAF) • US Navy
   • Mission Details ****
   • USS Enterprise site
   • USS Hornet (CV-8) • Video • Pt 2
      • B-25s on Hornet deck (diorama)
   • Doolittle's Raid (AF Mag, details)
   • Office of AF Historical Studies
   • American History magazine
   • Airman magazine
   • Century of Flight • Alt
   • Video (9:29) • More (4:54) • More (1:49)

Tokyo Raid - Planning & Tech Details
• Initial Concept Document • Preparations
• Training at Eglin AAF (AF Mag)

Doolittle Raid (Army Air Forces in WWII)
   • After Action Reports (USAAF, USN)
   • Doolittle's Report
   • Intellignece Service Report

Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle • Bio video • More
• Interview Video (1980) • Transcript
• Granddaughter's Tribute

Doolittle Raiders Site • Photos
• Raid History • More

Lessons of the Doolittle Raid (c 2017)

Japanese Vengence on China After Doolittle Raid

Pacific Carrier Battles (summaries)
• Pacific Naval Air War (images)

Pearl Harbor to Midway: Narrative

Battles of Coral Sea and Midway • Documentary
• Lessons Learned

Battle of Coral Sea (4-8 May 42) • More • Map
   • NHHC • More • More • eHistory • More
   • Video (detailed analysis)
   • After-Action Report (Naval Intelligence)

USS Neosho (AO-23: PH & Coral Sea - maps)

USS Yorktown (CV-5) • More
   • Coral Sea After-Action Report
   • Damage to Yorktown at Coral Sea • Graphic
   • Repairing Yorktown • More • More

Pacific Ocean Actions, May-June 42 (map)

Battle of Midway **** (4-6 Jun 1942)
   • Strategic Overview • Preparations for Battle • Timeline
   • Significance of Battle in WW II
   • Battle of Midway in Retrospect

Midway, 1942 **** (portal) • Source Documents
   • Order of Battle (detailed) • More • Ships & Aircraft
   • Initial Placement of US Carriers
   • 1st Air Fleet, IJN (Kido Butai: "Mobile Force")

Battle of Midway (USN History & Heritage Cmd)
   • Combat Narratives • Combat Intelligence
   • Prelimaries (7 Dec 41 - 10 Mar 42)
   • Preparations for Battle (March 42 - 4 Jun 42)
   • Scouting & Early US Attacks (3-4 Jun 42)
   • Japanese Attack on Midway, June 4, 1942
   • U.S. Attacks on IJN Carriers (4 Jun 42)
   • Japanese Attacks on USS Yorktown
   • U.S. Navy Ships in Action at Midway (4 Jun 42)
   • Actions & Activities After June 4, 1942

Battle of Midway (Wikipedia)
   • Detail (Strategic Bombing Survey • Alt
   • More • Links • Links • Photos • Photos
   • WW II Database (detailed)
   • Battle of Midway Roundtable (synopsis & links)
   • "Midway: The Story That Never Ends" (USNI, 07)
   • Air Force Magazine (Feb 2011)
   • National Park Service
   • About.com
   • Role of COMINT at Midway (internal)
   • Strategic Insights magazine (NPS)

Battle of Midway video (detailed documentary)
      • John Ford documentary
      • Video: Japanese perspective • More
      • US Navy history video

Battle of Midway Air Operations (video)
• Pt. 2 • Pt. 3 • Pt. 4 • Pt. 5 • Pt. 6 • Pt. 7 • Pt. 8

B-26 Torpedo Attack on IJN Fleet (Lt. Muri flyby)
• Lt. James Muri: Akagi Flightdeck flyby
• More • Video • Akagi Bow Shot (photo)

Torpedo 8 (VT-8) • Life Magazine article • Video
• Ensign George Gay, Sole Survivor, VT-8 • More

Role of USN Dive Bombers At Midway

Geddes Dioramas of Battle Sequence

Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan (INJ story)
• Analysis of IJN Carrier Damage

Midway: Fate of Participating Ships

After Action Report: Mitscher-Nimitz
• Combat Narrative

USS Yorktown Commanders Report
• Damage Analysis

Geddes Dioramas of Battle Sequence • More

Assessing the Significance of Midway

Midway: Lessons Learned

Midway's Strategic Lessons • More
• Operational Lessons • Tactical Lessons

Midway: Strategic & Tactical Analysis (NWC, '48)

Midway: Mistakes and Consequences

Japanese View of Battle of Midway

Why Japanese Lost • Alt • Comment • Reply

Midway: Eastern Island airfield

Marines At Midway

Pacific War Map (overview) • Theaters of Operation

The Pacific War: Animated Maps ****

Pacific Theater of War (National WWII Museum)
• US Pacific Amphibious Landings (map)

WW II Island Airfields of the Western Pacific

Southwest Pacific Theater • Map • More • More

Island Hopping/Leapfrogging Startegy • More

Island Hopping in WWII: Trench Warfare At Sea

New Guinea Campaign (23 Jan 42 - Aug 45)
• Battle of the Bismark Sea (2-4 Mar 43)

Solomon Islands Campaign (Jan42 - Aug45) • Map
      • Naval Battles • Maps
      • Battle of Java Sea (27 Feb 42) • Narrative
      • Battle of Savo Island (8-9 Aug 42) • Animated Map
         • Combat Narrative (24-25 Aug 42)
      • Battle of the Eastern Solomons • Animated Map
      • Battle of Tassafarongal (30 Nov 42) • More

Guadalcanal Campaign (7 Aug 42 - 9 Feb 43)
   • More (detailed!) • Pt. 2
   • More (USMC in WW II) • CMH • More
   • Geography of Guadalcanal Campaign (pdf)
   • Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands (25-27 Oct 42)
      • Animated Map
   • Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (12-15 Nov 42) • E-book
      • First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (13 Nov 42)
         • First Battle in "Iron Bottom Sound" • More
         • Loss of USS Juneau (CL-52)
            • Five Sullivan Brothers • More
      • Second Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (14-15 Nov 42)
         • Turning Point in the Pacific War?

The Cactus Air Force at Guadalcanal

Charles Lindbergh in the South Pacific • More

Battle of the Bismarck Sea (Mar 1943) • More • Map

Yamamoto Shootdown (Oprn Vengeance, Apr43)
   • "Magic & Lightning" (AF Mag) • More (scroll)
      • Who Shot Down Yamamoto? (scroll)
   • Lightning Strike: Mission to Kill Yamamoto
   • More (w/ artwork) • More (USNI)

Operation Cartwheel (Rabaul isolation, Jun42 - Mar44)
• Cartwheel: Reduction of Rubal (US Army series)
• Animated Maps • Area Map

Attack on Hollandia (Mar '44)

Marianas Campaign (Jun-Aug 1944)

Battle of the Philippine Sea (19-20 Jun 44)
   • Battle of Philippine Sea = Marianas Turkey Shoot!
   • Marianas Turkey Shoot • More • More
   • One Fighter Squadron's Story (VF-31)
   •The Fighting Lady (video)

Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct 1944)
   • Battle of Leyte Gulf.com • Strategy
   • Summary & map
   • Battle of Surigao Strait (Oct 1944) • Video
   • Taffy 3 (escort carriers) • Photos • Photos
   • Battle off Sumar: Taffy 3 (e-book)
   • Kamikaze attack on escort carriers (photos)
   • Post-war comments from senior Japanese officer

Carrier Strikes on Manila (5 Nov 44; video)
• Burial at sea of TBM gunner

Typhoon Cobra (Dec 1944) • More Typhoons!

Okinawa Campaign
• Okinawa: Where the Pacific Powers Converged

Kamikaze Portal ****
• "Year of the Kamikaze" (AF Mag)
• Background • Video • Infographic

Kamikaze Damage to US & British Carriers

Kamikaze vs. Carriers

Kamikaze Pilots

Kamikaze Attack on Hospital Ship (USS Comfort) • Alt

American vs. Japanese Views of Kamikaze
• Japanese Views of Kamiikaze History
• Story of An American Kamikaze

Radar Pickets & Combating Suicide Attacks
• Radar Picket Line Around Okinawa • Map

Landing Craft in Support of Okinawa Pickets
• LCS(L) • LSM(R) • photo
• Mighty Midgets at War (book review)

US Navy WW II Fleet Statistics (Dec 41 to Oct 45)

WW II USN Ship Recognition Manual **** (ONI 222)
• List of US Naval Vessels w/ Profiles Preview (ONI-54-I)
• More USN and foreign ships (internat)

US Ship Pictures (NavSource)

Naval Air War - Pacific • Photos

History of US Carriers In WWII

Aircraft Carrier Tactics of WW II

US Aircraft Carriers • More • More
• US Carrier Profiles (color & bw)
• US Carrier Action Video (color)

USS Lexington (CV-2)

USS Yorktown (CV-5) • War History

USS Enterprise (CV-6) • War History (NHHC)
• Carrier Action (video, c 1942)

USS Hornet (CV-8) • Photos • More
• History of USS Hornet (video) • Pt. 2

Essex Class Carriers • More
   • USS Essex (CV-9) • Video
   • USS Yorktown (CV-10) • Video
   • USS Franklin (CV-13) • Slideshow
      • Captain of the Franklin
      • Father O'Callahan & USS Franklin
   • USS Lexington (CV-16) (w profile)

Independence-Class Carriers
   • Loss of USS Princeton (CVL-23)
   • USS Cowpens (CVL-25) • More
   • USS Langley (CVL-27)
   • USS Cabot (CVL-28)

Escort Carriers • More • More
   • Bouge-class (CVE-9)
   • Sangamon-class (CVE-26)
   • Escort Carrier ASW Ops

USS Salt Lake City (CA-25)

USS Juneau (CL-52) and the Five Sullivans

USS The Sullivans (DD-537)

USS Wadsworth (DD-516)

USS Hugh Burns (DD-588) Night Action

Saga of USS Laffey (DD-724)

PT Boats • Photos • Graphic
• History of PT 109

Landing Craft (internal link)

Ulithi: Forward Base • Maps & Photos
• More • More • Video
• USN Fleet Logistics Afloat (e-book) • Assets

Pacific Sub War • The Boats • List • Photos
• Overview • More • More

Pacific Sub Strategy in WW II • Pt 2
• US Wolfpacks

USN Sub Ops Against Japan • More • Video

Failures of US Sub Force Early in War

WW II USN Torpedoes

US Torpedo Problems (1941-43) • Summary
• HistoryNet.com • More • More
• Reason for Failures • Tech Analysis

Location of US Subs on 7 Dec 41

Results of Pacific Sub Campaign
• Comparison of US & German Sub Campaigns
• Significance of US Sub Campaign

US Sub Ops Summary (Adm King)

US Sub Fleet Records
• Tonnage & Ships Sunk

Submarine Special Missions • Lifeguard (internal)

Subs to Corregidor (1942)

Forward Deployment: Midway

Sub Tender Role in WW II

Sub Special Ops in Philippines

US WW II Submarine Technology

US Fleet Sub Tech Manual

US Fleet Submarine (interactive cutaway)
• Systems • Systems & Procedures

Virtual Sub Tour (USS Tang)
•USS Pompanito • USS Ling

US Subs in WW II (individual histories)

USS Cod (SS-224)

USS Growler (SS-215) & Cmdr. Gilmore, MOH

USS Bowfin (SS-287)

US Sub Losses (details) • More

Black Cat PBYs

P2V Ventura in Pacific

Codebreaking Against Japan's Navy

Information War in Pacific-1945

US POWs on Japanese Ships • Pt 2

Australia At War Coast Watchers

Mine Warfare Against Japan

Aerial Mining Campaign (pdf)
• More • More

Imperial Japanese Navy
   • Wikipedia
   • Photos (Naval Historical Center)
   • History (GlobalSecurity.com)
   •The Rising Sun in the Pacific (Morrison - preview)

IJN Innovation (pdf)

IJN Decisive Battle Strategy

Kido Butai!: History of IJN Carrier Fleet
• IJNA Akagi

Marianas Turkey Shoot

Last Battleship Dual at Surigao

Sinking of carrier Hyuga • Alt

IJN Yamato • Details • History (video)
• Video (more detailed) • Sinking of Yamato • More

Japanese Submarines • More

Japanese Submarine Operations

Japanese Sub I-29 (history)

Japanese Cargo Subs
• Japanese Cargo Sub I-52 • More • More
• Japanese sub visits Germany

Submarine Aircraft Carriers • Sub Float Planes

I-400-class aircraft carrier subs • Details
   • "Airfields Under the Sea" • pdf
   • Wikipedia • HistoryNet • More • More • More
   • Aichi M6A1 Seiran float plane • Details

Special Attack Units • More • More

Kamikaze • More (internal link)

Ohka

Japanese Suicide Subs (Kaiten)
• More • More • More

Suicide Boats • Operations

Japanese Torpedoes • More
   • Modified Type 91 Torpedo (image)
   • Type 93 Long Lance Torpedo • More • Type 95
   • Long Lance: Asymmetric Weapon (pdf) • HTML

     Pacific - Land & Amphibious

Asia-Pacific Theater (Wikipedia)
• US Landings in Pacific (map)

Japan At War (articles & e-books)

Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) • More

Japanese Expansion into China & SEA

Japanese Armed Forces

The War Against Japan (Am Military History)
• Pictorial Record

USMC in WW II (Hyperwar portal)

USMC Gears Up for War (e-book)

USMC in WW II (Pacific Timeline)

US Army in Pacific (CMH)
• More (e-book)

West Point Altlas (Pacific)

Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific, v1

MacArthur Personal Vignettes

Pacific War Images

U.S. Army Campaign Brochures

Amphibious Assaults of WW II

Bataan Death March

China-Burma-India Theater • Images
• Flying the Hump • More • More • More
• Over the Hump (Tunner , e-book) • Alt

Escape From Burma (Stillwell, 1942)

Aleutian Campaign (portal) • USN narrative
• More (Olive Drab) • More (WWII db) • More
• More (US Army Campaigns of WW II)

Aleutian Campaign Timeline

US Submarines in Aleutians

Building the Alaskan Highway

Western Pacific Island Airfields

Final Assault on Japan (1944-1945)

US Marine Corps in WW II (Hyperwar portal)

US Marine Corps in WW II ****
• Marines in WW II Commemorative Series (NPS)

Western Pacific (Jun 1944 - Aug 1945)

Marine Raiders in the Pacific • Alt • More

Carlson's Raiders At Makin Island (Aug 42)
   • MC Commorative Pamphlet: Makin • Wikipedia
   • LtCol James Roosevelt, USMC, at Makin • More
   • Return to Makin (video: return of MIA's)

First Battle of Guadalcanal • More

Cactus Air Force (Guadalcanal)

Tulagi: The First Blow (Solomon Is., Aug 42)

Tarawa (Nov 1943) • Details • More • eHistory
• Animation • Map • US MIAs
• With the Marines at Tarawa (documentary, 18:25)

Makin Island (Nov 1943)

The Central Pacific in Global Strategy
• Island-hopping and Leap-frogging • Part 2

Gilberts & Marshalls Campaign (Nov 43-Feb 44)
• The Gilberts Oprn (History of USMC Ops in WW II)
• The Marshalls (History of USMC Ops in WW II)

Marianas & Palau Campaign (Jun-Nov 44) • Maps
   • Saipan • Map • More (Hisotry of USMC Ops)
   •Tinian • Map • More (History of USMC Ops)
   • Guam • Map • More (History of USMC Ops)

A Marine's Story (Basil Duncan: Saipan, Tinian)

The Western Pacific in Global Strategy
   • Peleliu • More (History of USMC Ops)
   • Battle for Pelelui (Sept 1944)
   • Marines in the Philippines (History of USMC Ops)

Iwo Jima (Feb-Mar 1945) • Map • Map • Photos
   • Map (detailed defenses, Mar 45)
   • Hyperwar Portal • More (DoD) • More
   • History of USMC Operations in WW II, Vol IV
   • Marines in the Seizure of Iwo Jima (USMC)
   • Iwo Jima: Amphibious Epic (USMC)
   • LCI Gunboats at Iwo Jima • LCI(G) • LCS(L)
   • Iwo Jima Postmortem
   • USAAF Operations on Iwo Jima
   • Importance of Iwo Jima to Bombing Campaign
   • 7th Fighter Command Iwo Jima (photos)
   • History • Statistical Summary
      • P-51 Ops • More

Chichi Jima (Geo H. W. Bush rescue, 2 Sep 44)
   • Background & Personal History • More • More
   • Naval service (video) • More
   • Bush on WW II Service • Details • Video • Photos
   • Shootdown narrative (from unauthorized biography)
   • USS San Jacinto (CVL-30) • CVL profile view
   • USS Finback (rescue sub, 10th war partrol) • Video
   • George H. W. Bush Bio (Doris Kearns Goodwin, video)
      • John Meacham's Eulogy (5 Dec 2018)
      • James Baker's Eulogy (6 Dec 2018)

ChiChi Jima Incident • More
• Flyboys: A True Story of Courage (ebook) • Summary

Okinawa: Operation Iceberg (Apr-Jun 1945)

Okinawa Operation (Army C&GSC)

Japan's Battle of Okinawa (Apr-Jun 1945)

Okinawa Campaign & Sinking of Yamato

US Pacific War (photos)

Kamikazi Attack on USS Comfort

Final Months of the War With Japan (CIA, 1998)

Strategy for the Assault on the Japan

Operation Downfall (invasions of Japan)
   • Downall: Olympic & Coronet • More • Maps
   • Japan's Last Ditch Force
   • More (Reports of MacArthur, Vol. 1)
   • Japanese Plan

How to End the War: Invade, A-Bomb or Both?
• Invade or Bomb? (Truman's Diary)

Battleship Raids & Japanese Preparations • Photos

How US Approached the End of the Pacific War

Decision That Launched Enola Gay (plans & options)

Intelligence in the Final Months of the War (CIA)

Japanese Preparations for Invasion

Olympic vs. Ketsu-Go (plan comparison)

Marine Planning for Olympic (e-book)

The Invasion That Didn't Happen (AF mag)

Deception in the Invasion of Japan

How the War Ended
• Video (10:21 - refresh if necessary)

Fall of Japan (video, 46:06 - refresh if necessary)

Development of the Atomic Bomb

Decision to Use the A-Bomb • Controversy

A-Bomb Missions

Japan Surrenders
• V-J Day in Honolulu (video)

Occupation of Japan

Sailor Life

Ready for Sea (Intro to life at sea, 1999)

Lookout Manual (WW II)

Soldier Life

The Real War, 1939-45 (grim reality)

Coming Home

WW II Memories (AARP, cached)

The Employment of Negro Troops (e-book)
• 99th Sq, 332 Ftr Grp

Rehabilitation of Army Prisoners in WW II

PTSD After WW II

SLA Marshall: US Soldiers Firing Weapons

Soldier Equipment

U.S. Uniforms & Equipment (WW II & later) • More

Dog Tags

Return to Top

World War II - Air

Air Warfare in WW II • More (Centennial of Flight)

Royal Air Force in WW II (timeline) • More
• RAF: The Interwar Years: 1919-1939
• RAF WW II Aircraft

Battle of Britain • Background • Alt • More • Map
   • RAF Air Power Review (Battle of Britain 75th ed)
      • Logistics and the Battle of Britain
   • Key Leaders (both sides)
   • German Strategy Against Britain (1940)

The Battle of Britain (RAF Museum) ****
          NOTE: Phase definitions are subject to interpretation.
      • Phase 1: 10Jul-7Aug 1940 • The Channel Battles
      • Phase 2: Aug 8-Sep 6 • Phase 3: Sep 7-Oct 5
      • Phase 4: 6-13 Oct        • Alternate Phase Dates
   • Battle of Britain Timeline • Key Dates
      • Campaign Dairies (summaries, Jul-Oct 1940) • More
   • The Toughest Day (Sep 15, 1940)
   • Fighter Command OB, 1940 • More • Groups • Detail
   • Imperial War Museum
      • Strategic Situation (1940)
      • IWM Duxford
   • Battle of Britain Historical Society
   • BBC • More
   • Animated Map * * * *
   • Battle of Britain.com
   • Century of Flight • Centennial of Flight
   • Battle of Britain & 'The Blitz' (portal)
      • Who Won the Battle of Britain
   • World-War-2.info
   • Air Ministry c. 1941 (Mike Kemble) • More
   • Flight Journal • Alt
   • Battle of Britain Statistics • More
   • RAF Museum Battle of Britain Collection
   • Battle of Britain Aircraft (profiles)
   • Military Factory (Battle of Britain Aircraft)

Myths of Battle of Britain
• Myth: Churchill Knew About Coventry Attack
• Casualties from bombing

Battle of Britain Analysis (video)
   • Spitfire Mk I vs. Me-109E • Documentary
      • Producability of Spitfire vs. Me-109
   • Spitfire vs. Hurricane

Battle of Britain Aircraft (RAF & Luftwaffe) • More
• More (c 1940) • More • More
• RAF only (1939-1945) • RAF, all history)

Battle of Britain: German Perspective
      • German Strategic Situation, 1940
      • Luftwaffe OB, 1940 • Map
   • Failure of German Intelligence & Planning
   • The Luftwaffe, 1940 • German Fighter Aircraft
   • How the Luftwaffe Lost Battle of Britain (AF Mag)

"Finest Hour" Speech (18 June 1940) • Audio
• "The Few" Speech (20 Aug 1940)
• More on Churchill During Blitz

Battle of Britain Narrative

Battle of Britain Video (Dateline WW II, 4:11)

Battle of Britain Newsreel Clips

13 Hours That Saved Britain (documentary)

Dowding: Savior Britain (documentary)

Fighter Command Organization (sectors, stations)
• Fighter Command OB (May 1940, by squadron)
• OB by Sector (Aug 1940)

RAF Strategy in Battle of Britain
• Sir Hugh Dowding (documentary) • RAF Tactics • More

British Defenses

RAF Command & Control • Map

Radar - The Battle Winner?    • Chain Home Radar
   •Development of British Radar
   • Myths of British Radar (abstract)

Royal Observer Corps • More
• Seaborne Observers

Aircraft Recognition Training

Anti-Aircraft Command • RAF Balloon Cmd

Luftwaffe Strategy & Tactics • Night Bombing
• Me-109s as fighter-bombers (Autumn 1940) • More

German Beam Navigaton (Knickebein et al)
• X-Gerät • Map & More

The Blitz • More • Casualties
   • Origin of term "Blitz"
   • Separating Myth from Reality
   • Summary of UK Cities Bombed (map) • Alt
   • Impact of Blitz on Home Front (internal link)

Britain & Bombing, 1914-1941

Coventry (14 Nov 1940) • More • More

City "Decoys" • More

The Eagle Squadrons • More • No. 71 Squadron

USAAF in WW II ****
• USAAF Organization

USAAF in WW II (Office of Air Force History, series)
    • Vol. I, Jan 39 - Aug 42
    • Vol. II, Europe, Aug 42 - Dec 43 • Alt
    • Vol. II, Europe, Aug 42 - Dec 43 • Alt
    • Vol. III, Europe, Jan 44 - May 45 • Alt
    • Vol. IV, Pacific: Guadalcanal - Saipan Aug 42 - Jul 44 • Alt
    • Vol, V: Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagisaki: Jun 4 - Aug 45 • Alt
        • VLR Bombing Project
    • Vol. VI, Men & Planes (912 pp) • Alt
    • Vol. VII, Services Around the World • Alt

USAAF in WW II (Hyperwar) • More (monographs)

USAAF Combat Ops in WW II (chronology) • Alt

Interesting USAAF Statistics in WW II

Records of the Army Air Forces in WW II (NARA)

USAAF in WW II (NMUSAF)
   • Combat Operations: Europe
      • USAAF Continental Airfields (ETO)
   • USAAF Combat Ops: Pacific

Air Foce Combat Units of WW II
• Contents • Pg. 1 • Text • Text: Pt 1 of 8
• Combat Squadrons of the AF, WW II • Text

Locating Army Air Installations, WW II • Pg 1
• USAAF Group locations (1940)

Army Air Forces Training Command
   • Flying Training in WW II
   • History of Air Force Training 1942-2002
   • USAAF Training of Individual Flying Personnel
   • More (NMUSAF)
   • USAAF Aviation Cadet Prgm, WWII • Pre-WW II
   • AAF Cadet Training Process (graphic) • More
   • Combat Crew & Unit Training in AAF, 1939-1945
      • OTUs & RTUs • Fighter Trainng Programs
      • Bombardier Training
   • Personal Narrative (AF Mag)

USAAF Flight Training Programs & Aircraft, WWII

Training a Bomb Group

Accidents & Fatalities, USAAF Tng, WWII • Pg 1

AFHRA Historical Studies (Ibiblio) • Original

USAAF in WW II (portal)

Records of the USAAF (NARA: intense!)

Army Air Forces Statistical Survey (Dec 1945)

WW II Airpower Lessons Learned (Arnold)

AWC WWII Links

USAAF in Europe

AU WWII Airpower Links

AU Aircraft Photo Links

Design & Operation of U.S. Combat Aircraft (1942)

European Air War Timelines

Air Campaigns: N & W Europe (summaries)

Luftwaffe: 1933-1945 (Williams Murray, NetLibrary)

Strategic Bombing In WW II • More

Strategic Bombing Survey (Europe) • Alt
   • Pacific
   • History and Analysis of Survey (AF mag) • pdf
   • Impact of Bombing on Germany (AF mag) • pdf

Strat Air War: Germany & Japan (e-book)

The Allied Rift on Strategic Bombing (AF Mag)

Combined Bomber Offensive • Map • Graphic
   • RAF Bomber Command in WW II
   • Birth of the Combined Bomber Offensive
   • Overview • Analysis

Planning the Air War Against Germany (1941)
   • AWPD-1: The Process • More • More
   • MG Hawood S. Hansell • Contribution to AWPD-1
   • Hansell memoir

Target Selection Process
• Industrial Web Theory (targeting)

Targeting German Oil Resources (AF Mag)
• More (Air & Space Power Journal)

Mission Planning Process • Cont'd (Mission X, p 110)

Role of Bombing in WW II

Effectiveness of Allied Bombing • Details

Bombing of Germany: Cost v Results

Strategic Bombing Debate: WW II & Vietnam

British Bombing Survey

Bombing of Germany (PBS) • Review
• Timeline of the Air War, 1939-1945

Bombing of Germany & German Response

Operation Pointblank (1943) • More

Germany & the Strategic Air War in Europe

Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich

Operation Bodenplatte (Baseplate) (1 Jan 45)

Escorting Bombers • Graphic

Paper Mâché Drop Tanks for Fighters

US Aerial Bombs • More
• Tallboy (10 ton) Bomb • Photos • Video • Video

Daylight Precision Bombing (AF Mag)

Wings Up (USAAF officer candidate documentary)

Bombers & Crews (Life magazine photos)

US Army Air Forces in WW II

History of the 8th Air Force • More

History of the 9th Air Force • More
• Details • More

Masters of the Air (book: 8AF crew stories)

B-17 Daylight Bombing Raid (video, 7:10)

Bomb Aiming & Release Tactics in WW II

Norden Bombsight (details) • More • More

Hamburg Raid (Jul 1943) • More (HistoryNet)

Bomber Mission Planning

8th AF Combat Box Formation & Tactics • More

Schweinfurt & Regensburg Raids (1943)
   • 17 August 1943
   • 14 October 1943 (Black Thursday)
      • Black Thursday (e-book)

8th AF at Schweinfurt • Images & narrative

The Cost of Schweinfurt (AF Mag)

"Raid on Regensburg" (Feb 1944, crew narrative)

8th AF Bombing of Berlin (AF Mag)
• First Mission to Berlin (narrative)

"Target for Today" (documentary video, 1:32)

Bombing of Dresden (Feb 45)
• Detailed analysis (plus stats on urban bombings)
• Dresden and the Law of War • Ethics of Raid

Trolley Missions (BDA-Germany, May 45)
• More Background • Photos • More • More

B-17F Flight Log (aircrew personal history)

Shuttle Missions to Russia (Operation Frantic)
• Flight to Poltava • pg 88 • pg 90 • More • Video

"Twelve O'Clock High:" The Real Story • Text

Bogus Charges Against Airpower • w/images

Omar Bradley: Role of Airpower in Europe

Tough Birds: Battle Damaged Aircraft (AF Mag)
• Battle Damaged B-17s

British Bombing Strategy (BBC) • More
   • British Debate on Bombing Cities
   • Area Bombing Directive (Feb 1942)
   • Bombing Campaign (1942-45)

RAF Bomber Command • Portal • Facebook
• Pathfinders • Tactics • Bases

RAF Bomber Crews

Air Marshall Authur "Bomber" Harris (bio)
• Harris:"Reap the Whirlwind" speech • Video
• More (Wikipedia) • Revisited

First 1,000 Place Raid (Cologne, video)

Operation Chastise (Dam Busters; RAF) • More
   • Graphic summary • Details • Overview
   • Video clip (Dam Busters, 10:30) • Second Dam
   • Interviews with participants (video)
   • RAF Mission History • Images
   • Mission details; Guy Gibson • Images
   • Mission & Technical Detail • More
   • Weapon • Aircraft &Weapon • Tech Details
   • Low-Altitude Flight Training • More
   • Dam Busters Portal • Book Review
   • RAF Museum - Dam Buster Exhibit
   • German Civilian Memoir

Tallboy Bomb (12K lbs)

Grand Slam Bomb (22K lbs)
• Live Grand Slam Gateguard (1950's) • More

RAF Special Operations

Humanitarian Ops: Manna, Chowhound & Faust
   • More • More
   • Chowhound: USAAF • Manna: RAF/RCAF +
   • Faust (International)

Color Photos of RAF & Luftwaffe

USAAF in Mediterranean Theater

Mediterranean Allied Air Forces
• Effectiveness

12th Air Force • More • More
• B-26 Aircrew Narrative (Sardinia)

15th Air Force • History

15th Air Force • More • Bases in Italy

Oil Campaign • Chronology • Targets

Attacks on Synthetic Oil Production (AF Mag)

Operation Tidal Wave (Polesti, 1 Aug 43) • More

Tac Air Doctrine, North Africa

Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP)
   • American Experience (portal, NPR)
   • More • More • Timeline (PBS)
   • The WASPs (AF Mag) • Facts & Photos • More
   • WASP on the Web    • More
   • Fly Girls (American Experience history)
      • WASP and the B-29 • WASP Training (video, 21:56)
      • Women Air Sevice Pilots (video - 25:53)
      • Jackie Cochran

Tuskegee Airmen • More • More • More
   • NMUSAF • Photo History • Photos • Photos
   • Aircraft: P-40 • P-47D • P-51C • P-51D
   • Tuskegee National Historic Site (NPS)
   • Red Tails **** (tribute video) • Documentary
   • First Victory (2 Jul 43)

German POW camps • More • List

Stalag Luft Portal

Dulag Luft (aircrew processing center) • More
   • Luftwaffe Interrogation of Allied Airmen
   • How Germans Interrogated Allied POW's
   • German Interrogation Techniques • More
   • Hans Scharff: Master Interrogator • More
   • Public Treatment of Downed Aircrew

Stalag Luft I • More

Stalag Luft III • More • More
• The Great Escape
• Fourth Tunnel at Stalag Luft III

Stalag Luft IV & VI

US POW Experiences • More • More

Soviet Bombers over Berlin (1941)

Air Offensive Against Japan (internal link)

Fight For the Sky (USAAF fighter ops - video)

USAAF in Mediterranean Theater

Pantelleria (1943)

V-Weapons

USAF Museum: WWII

Airpower On D-Day (internal link)

Airpower On D-Day • More

Air Superiority: D-Day to the Bulge

Battle of the Bulge Air Strike

Aces of World War II

Control Tower (WW II Aviation Iinks)

Airlift & Airborne Ops

Flying the Hump (1942-45)

Green Light! Troop Carriers, Normandy to the Rhine

Aerial Badges & Wings of WWII

Squadron Patches of WW II

First Helicopter SAR

Allied Bombers & Aircrews (Life images)

World War II - Aircraft

World War II Aircraft (Wikipedia: by type) • Details
• NMUSAF • NNAM
• WW II Fighter & Bomber Size Comparison (video)

WW II Aircraft Tng Films

History of WW II in 25 Airplanes

Aircraft Recognition Manual (FM 30-30, 1943)
• Alt w/ Best 3-views

WW II Aircraft Portal (thumbnails)

Airpower Classics (AF mag)

Great Warplanes of WWII (profiles & photos)

WW II Aircraft Performance Reports

Fighter Aircraft Comparison Graphic (Europe)

Design & Operation of Combat Aircraft (1942)

Best Fighter Planes of WW II (essay)

WWII Aircraft Profiles

Warbirds Resource Group

Index of WW II Aircraft

WWII Aircraft Cockpits

WW II Fighter Gun Effectivemess

Historic Aircraft, Missions, People

Aircraft Engines (War Dept. Manual, Jan 45)

WW II Aviation Magazines (tech info, aircraft spotting)

US Aircraft of WW II

USAAF Aircraft (thumbnails, cached)

Planes & Pilots of WW II

WW II Test Pilots
• Flying Prototypes

Aces Comment on US Fighters

8th AF Fighter Command
• A/C & Markings

P-38 Lightning (detailed history) • More
• Flying the Lightning • Training Film • Photos
• P-38 distinctive shape an advantage?

P-39 Airacobra • Details

P-40 Warhawk • Details
• P-40 History & Profile (AF Mag, pdf) P-40's over Burma
• P-40s Launched From Aircraft Carriers

P-47 Thunderbolt (history) • Details
• Training Film

P-47 Strengths & Weaknesses

Capt. Gabby Gabreski, Two-War Ace

Capt. Robert Johnson, Ace

P-47 Ops in the Pacific

P-51 Mustang (history) • Details
• Profile Views • Detailed 3-views

Flying the P-51

P-51: Impact on European Air War
• Graphic (P-51 technical impact)
• P-51 v ME-109 Technology (video)

P-61 Black Widow • Training Film

Great Fighters: ME-109 vs. P-51

Flying Tiger Portal
• Flying Tiger History
• Flying Tiger Blood Chit

Chennault and the Flying Tigers

WW II Aviation Links

WW II Fighter Performance

Aircraft Information & Sideviews

Nose Art

Bomber Gun Turrets

American Medium Bombers of WW II • Part II

Douglas A-26 Invader • More

B-17 Fortress (detailed history)
• More • History & Profile View (pdf)

B-17 Details • Virtual Tour
• B-17 Pilot Manual • Interior Detail
• Training Film

B-17 Shoo Shoo Baby

B-17 Memphis Belle • History • Profiles • Photos
   • The Odyssey of Memphis Belle
   • 91st Bomb Group (H)
   • Documentary • Notes on Documentary

B-17 Narrative

Margaret Bourke-White B-17 Msn • Bio

Bob Steven's B-17 Cartoons

Flying the B-17 • Training Film

Return of Shoo-Shoo Baby

Epitaph to Lady Be Good

B-17 Battle Damage • More
   • Piggyback B-17s • Photos
   • All American: Almost sliced in half
   • Ye Olde Pub: Chivalry Amid Horror
      • More • Video

Flying the B-17 and B-24

B-17, B-24 Interior Photos • Pt 2

Iconic Bombers: B-17 vs. B-24
• Comparitive Analysis • Another
• Discussion • More • More • More

Aircraft Survivability: B-17 & B-24

B-24 Liberator • History
• History & Profile View (pdf)

B-24 Training Film

Willow Run B-24 Factory (photos; slow)

B-25 Mitchell (detailed history) • More

B-25 Training Film

Marine PBJ (B-25) Ops

B-26 Marauder (detailed history) • More
• Combat History • More • Training Film

B-26 Marauder Historical Society • B26.com

B-26 Marauder.com • Photos • Nose Art

B-26: 22nd Bomb Gp - Pacific

B-26: 322nd Bomp Gp - Europe • More

B-26 Pathfinders • Pathfinders & Oboe

B-29 Superfortress

B-29 History • More • More • More
• Birth of the B-29 (video, 20:11)
• Training Film • Tour B-29

USSR Copies B-29
• Fighter Tactics Against B-29 (RAF video, 1948)

Strategic Bombing of Japan (internal link)

P-61 Ops in Pacific (B-29 shoot down)

US Navy Aircraft of WW II
• Color 2-view drawings

F4F Widcat (detailed) • More
• Links & Profile View

F6F Hellcat (detailed) • More
   • History • Mpre (AF mag)
   • History & Profile View (pdf)
   • Links & Profile View
   • Training Film

F4U Corsair (detailed) • More
   • Links & Profile Views
   • Training Film
   • Charles Lindbergh in SW Pacific

British WW II Aircraft • Photos • More

Mosquito

Spitfire • History (detailed)
   • History & Profile View (pdf) • More • More
   • Spitfire Mk I vs. Me-109E
      • Producability of Spitfire vs. Me-109
      • Spitfire in USAAF Service (video, 14:38)

Hurricane • More

Spitfire vs. Hurricane

Avro Lancaster • Wikipedia • History • Profile View
   • The Lancaster At War (RAF Documentary, 46:33)
   • RAF Bombing Campaign-Lancasters
   • Lancaster Crew Member's Story
   • Lancaster Virtual Interior Tour

Short Stirling

Fleet Naval Air Arm Aircraft

French WW II Aircraft • More

French Bombing of Berlin

Soviet WW II Aircraft

Luftwaffe Aircraft • Photos

Luftwaffe Resource Page • More

Luftwaffe Technical Developments (late, PDF)

Arado Ar 234 Blitz • Details • More • More

Dornier Do335 Arrow • Details • 3-view

Bf-109 • Performance • Details • More

FW-190 • More • Design Detail (PDF) • Detail (text)

Me-163 Komet • Details • More • More w/photos
• Photos • Cutaway
• Me-163 Test Pilot Narrative

Me-262 Schwalbe (detailed history)
• Airframe Design Analysis • Engine Design

Me-262 Pilot's Narrative

Me-262 Portal • Photos

Ju287 (forward swept jet bomber) • More

Captured Luftwaffe Aircraft

Luftwaffe General Adolf Galland

Hans-Ulrich Rudel, Stuka Pilot

The Stuka Terror (AF Mag)

German Fighter Tactics (Dicta Bolcke)

Luftwaffe Close Air Support

Italian WW II Aircraft

Captured Allied Aircraft (KG200) • More • More
   • Aircraft Captured • Photos
   • Captured B-17s (Do 200) • More • More
   • MesserSpit: German Spitfire

Japanese Aircraft of WW II • More
• Japanese Aircraft Recognition Manual S • ID Chart

Japanese Aircraft Terminology • Background

Japanese Army Aircraft

Ki-61 Hien (Tony) (detailed history)

Japanese Navy Aircraft • More

A6M Zero (Zeke) (detailed history)
   • More • More • More • More
   • First captured Zero • More
   • Evaluating the Zero • Performance Specs

Saburo Sakai on the Zero (interview) • More

IJN Air Tactics (Sasamu Komachi, fighter pilot)

Great Fighters: Zero vs. Wildcat

Nakajima B5N2 Type 97 Kate (torpedo bomber)
• More

Kawanishi H8K Emily (flying boat) • More
   • Prototype Photo • 3-View • Cutaway
   • Emily with submarine (unknown location)
   • Captured Emily at Norfolk NAS (1946) • More

IJ Navy Air Force in WW II

Thunder Gods & Kamikazis • More

Why Kamikazi Volunteered

Kamikazi Instruction Manual

Japanese Plans Against Panama Canal • Alt

USAAF in the Central Pacific Area

One Damned Island After Another (7th AF in Pacific)

Early Long-Range Pacific Missions
• Noemfoor Island
• More (Darwin to Balikpapan)

Very Long Range Fighter Ops Against Japan
      • More Detail
   • VII Fighter Command on Iwo Jima • History • History
      • Subordinate Unit Histories • More • Photos
      • Slide Show (history, maps, photos)
   • 506th FG History • History: June 1945
      • Black Friday Mission (1Jun45)
      • 457th FS • 458th FS • 462nd FS
   • Mustangs of Iwo (P-51 escort operations) • More
      • Aeronautical Map, Iwo Jima (1945)

Strategic Bombing of Japan • More
   • Strategic Bombing Survey: Japan
   • Role of Bombing in Ending the War • pdf
   • Planning the Bombing of Japan (Hansell)
   • The Last Bomb (video, 1 of 4)
   • B-29 Operations Over Japan (video) • Pt 2 • Pt 3
   • Video (Aug 43-Jun 44) • Oct 44-Aug 45

Operation Matterhorn (B-29's in China) • More

Whirlwind: The Air War Against Japan

The Air Offensive Against Japan
   • Video • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3 • Pt. 4
   • Map • Distances
   • B-29 Island Airfields • Saipan & Tinian Ops
   • Life at North Field, Guam • 73d Bomb Wg

End Game: Complexity, Startegy and the B-29

Contemporary Analysis of Tokyo Flak Defenses

B-29 Operational Units • 315th Bomb Wing (VH)
• Marianas B-29s (profiles)

Japanese Cities Bombed in WW II • More • Map

Tokyo Fire Raids (1945)

McNamara on Bombing Japan (Fog of War)

Psywar Leaflets Against Japan

Operation Starvation (mine laying)
• More (pdf) • More (pdf)

Last Raid on Japan (14-15 Aug 45) • Alt

Incendiary Bombs

B-29 Mission to Tokyo (narritive)

B-29 Superfortress Details (internal link) • More

Lifeguard League (submarine rescue ops) • More
• E-book • Narratives • More

A-Bomb Missions (internal)

A-Bomb Development & Use (internal)

Weapons, Tactics & Technology, WWII

Weapons Manuals (HistoryNet graphics)

Weapons & Tactics (Spartacus)

Tactics of the Wehrmacht

Wehrmacht Fallscherimjager (paratroops)

Encyclopedia of Weapons of WW II (e-book)

WW II Weapons (Wikipedia, extensive)

Weapons & Technolgy ( => Interactive charts & maps)

WW II Technology Overview
• By Country

WW II Technology (IEEE) • Exhibit

WW II Technology Chronology

Military Vehicles • ID Charts

The Jeep • Wikipedia • More • More • Photos

Tanks of WW II (specs & drawings)
• More • More • More • Comparison Graphic
• German & US Armor & Artillery Graphics

WW II Armor Articles

US Trank Production - WW II

M3 Grant Medium Tank

M4 Sherman Medium Tank • Cutaway
• Sherman variations (graphic) • Graphic • Alt

Soviet T-34 • Details

German Weapons & Technology

German Tank Production - WW II

Panzer Site
• German Tank Details • More

PzKpfw-series I thru VI (profile images) • Alt

Panzerkampfwagen I (Pz Kpfw I, details)

Panzerkampfwagen II (Pz Kpfw II, details)

Panzerkampfwagen III (Pz Kpfw III, details)

Panzerkampfwagen IV (Pz Kpfw IV, details) • More

Tiger Tank • Technical Graphic

Char vs. Panzer

French Tanks of WW II (video)

Infantry Anti-Tank Weapons
• Allied AT Weapons • AT Guns

Infantry Weapons of WW II
   • By country • More
   • US & UK Infantry Weapons • More • More
   • US Infantry Weapons
   • US & German Infantry Weapons

US Machine Gun Tactics

US Body Armor • US Equipment

Axis Firearms (by type)

German Weapons • More

German Infantry Weapons of WW II
   • More (photos) • Video (13:51)
   • Rifles, SMGs & Assault Rifles
   • MP-44: First Assault Rifle

Maschinegerwehr 42 (MG-42)

Fallshirmjagergewehr 42 (FG-42, light MG)

German Infantry AT Weapons

Panzerfaust (AT weapon)

German Anti-Tank Guns

German Night Vision (Nachtsichtgeraten)
• ZG 1229 Vampyr IR Scope on MP-44 (photos)
• Tank-mounted IR Devices • More

Tank vs. Plane

German High Technology Weapons

Germany's Secret Weapons of WW II (e-book)

German Super Weapons • Photos
   • V-1 (Wikipedia) • More • Cutaway
   • V-1 Impacts in Kent
   • V-2 (A-4) (Wikipedia) • Photos
   • V-3 • V-3 Development Graphic

British Response to V-1 & V-2 (UK Archives)

War Against Hitler's Vengeance Weapons (e-book)

EMW A-6 Research Aircraft Proposal • Photo
• Missiles & Smart Bombs
• Atomic Bomb • Bio/Chemical Weapons

Hilter and the V-2 (JSTOR)

Missile Defense in WW II

Early Jet Aircraft Develpment (cached)
   • Early Jet Timeline
   • Whittle History • More • Bio
   • Whittle Engine • First Engine • More
   • Whittle and E28/39
   • Gloster E28/39 ; • More
   • Whittle and the P-59

Italian Jet Development

Concrete Ships • At Normandy
• List of Ships (WW I & WW II) • SS Selma • More

Ice Ships

Drum Bombs (improvised, Pacific)

Blind Bombing, c 1944

History of Guided Weapons

Azon Bomb

Guided Bombs

Project Aphrodite (remote control bombers)

Project Pigeon • More • Wikipedia
• More (scroll to BF Skinner) • Vectorsite

Bat & Bird Bomb Projects

Bat Bombers (AF Mag) ; • Wikipedia

RAZON Bomb (Shipboard A/C Handling)

Brodie System (Shipboard A/C Handling)

Radio Proximity (VT) Fuses

Technical Secrets of WW II (bond drive video)

A-Bomb Development & Use

Race For the Bomb (Germany & Japan)

A-bomb Timelines: • Prewar
• Allies • Germany

Einstein Letter to FDR (Aug 39)

Story of the A-Bomb (eHistory)

German Research

German Scientific Debate • More
• Farm Hall Transcripts

Japan's A-bomb Work • More
   • German Uranium for Japan
   • Japan's Nuclear Program (FAS)
   • Japan's Secret War (bk rvw) • More
   • Bibliography

Soviet Nuclear Espionage

German Uranium for Japan

Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb
   • More • Key Participants • Wikipedia • Timeline
   • Video (Modern Marvels) • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5
   • Berkeley Summer: Building the Bomb
   • Los Alamos National Laboratory
   • Nuclear Weapon Archive
   • 509th Composite Group
   • Smyth Report (first public release)

Cost of Manhattan Project

The First Nuclear Weapons (technical)

Project Trinity • "The Gadget" (photo)

Trinity Test Site • Alt

A-bomb Development & Deployment
• More • More (cached)

Scientific History of the A-bomb

History of Atomic Bomb (USAF)

Story of the Atomic Bomb (eHistory)

Design, Assembly, Loading First A-Bombs (photos)

Little Boy & Fat Man

Little Boy (detailed) • More
• Interior Detail • Schematic

Fat Man (detailed) • More
• Interior Detail • Schematic

Thin Man (third design)

Project Alberta (A-bomb delivery R & D)
• Training the A-Bomb Crews
• Pumpkin (practice) Bomb • Video

Project Silverplate • More • Missions
• Silverplate B-29s: Numbers, Names, Nose Art

Enola Gay • More • Crew & Weapons • More
• Enola Gay Restoration • Artwork
• Inside Enola Gay

509th Composite Gp (photo history)
• Tinian Photos

The Decision to Use the Bomb (portal) • More
• Pro/Con Debate on Use of Bomb
• More (portal) • More

The Decision That Launched the Enola Gay

The Atomic Bomb and American Strategy
• A-bomb Decision graphic (WW II mag) • More

A-Bomb Timeline (1945),/span> • Detailed
• More • More

HST First Speech to Congress (16 Apr 45)

Truman Warns Japanese (7 Jun 45. video)

Potsdam Declaration (Ultimatum, 26 Jul 45) • Video
• Truman tells Stalin • More
• Stalin Knew • More

Documents on A-bomb Decision • More
   • Bibliography
   • FDR, Truman & Decision Continuity • pdf
   • Minutes of Targeting Committee (10-11 May 45)
   • Command Decisions (CMH)
   • Army C&GS paper (detailed)
   • CIA (SIGINT issues)
   • Military v. Diplomatic History Views (Airpwr Jrnl)
   • History, Ethics and the Bomb (AU Review , 1966)
   • Essay - Alternate Strategies
   • Strategic Bombing Survey Discussion

A Sudden Victory (Proceedings, Aug 05)

Directive to Drop A-Bomb (25 Jul 45)

A-Bomb Decision Controversy (internal)

Assembling & Loading A-Bombs (photo essay)

A-Bomb Missions (Century of Flight series)

A-Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
• Manhattan Engineering District Report • Alt
• A-bomb Missions Map

A-bomb Mission Preparations

Hiroshima Mission (details, AF Mag)
• The Airplane • Thr Crew • The Bomb

Hiroshima Hypocenter & Aim Point

Eyewitness to Hiroshima

Hiroshima Archive • Photos

Tibbets: A-bomb Missions (interview, Aug 02)

Nagasaki Mission • Cloud Video
   • Near Failure at Nagasaki (AF Mag)
   • Commander's Narrative (Sweeny: audio)
   • Nagasaki BDA (Sep 45) • BDA video (Bill Camp)
   • Nagasaki Ground Zero (photo map) • Map

Nagasaki: Life After Nuclear War (review)

Remembering Nagasaki

Remembering Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Tale of Two Cities
• Video BDA (Army documentary)
• Hiroshima BDA map • Nagasaki BDA map

The Third Bomb

Truman Announces Bomb (audio)

Truman Statement (6 Aug 1945) • Alt • Alt

The Fall of Imperial Japan (The Atlantic, photo essay)

Surrender Timeline Details • More

Japanese Surrender Debates • More

Japan's Stuggle to End the War (USSBS)

Japanese End Game in WW II (JSTOR)

Why Did Japan Surrender?

How Japan Surrendered

Emperor Hirohito Address to People on Accepting the Potsdam Declaration

Surrender Announced (15 Aug 45, video)

V-J Day (Victory Over Japan, 15 Aug 1945)
• More • More • Photos
• Reaction • More • Radio Clip • UK

Japan's Surrender (NY Times article)

V-J Day Kiss (Life Mag Cover) • Background

Documents Relating to Japan's Surrender

First Contact w/ Japanese (Ie Shima, 14Aug45)
• More • Video

First (Unofficial) Landing In Japan (narrative)

US Navy Entrance into Tokyo Bay • Photos
   • US Fleet Gathers in Tokyo Bay
   • Allied Ships in Tokyo Bay • More
   • USS Missouri (overhead)

Allied Forces Land in Japan (video, 8:37)
• More: Surrender in the Pacific (video, 9:01)

Surrender Ceremony (2 Sep 45) • Detail • Video
  • Final Mission: Staging Japan's Surrender
      • Photos    • More
   • Victory Flyover (Tokyo Bay, panarama) • More

Instrument of Surrender • Alt

Symbolism of the Surrender Ceremony

Other Surrender Related Documents • More

Relief of Allied Prisoners & Internees • More
• Camp Details • Release Video (Australian & US)

B-29 Airdrops to POW Camps

MacArthur and the Occupation of Japan
• American Proconsul: MacArthur & Postwar Japan
• Initial planning for the occupation

The Fall of Japan (video: details of occupation)

US Army in Post-war Japan
   • Video - End of the War
   • 2 - Organizing Occupation
   • 3 - Demilitarization • 4 - New Constitution
   • 5 - Economic Reform • 6 - A Legacy of Peace

American Occupation of Japan (video) • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3

Surrender & Ocupation of Japan & Korea
• Abstract • Synopsis

US Marines in Occupation of Japan • More

Military Government for Japan (1945, JSTOR)

Why Japan Lost the War

Oil Logistics in the Pacific War

Pacific War in Retrospect

Soviet Invasion of Manchuria (9-20 Aug 45)

USSR vs. Japan (Manchuria, Aug 45)

Soviet Operations In Manchuria (Aug 45)

Entry of the USSR into the War With Japan

World War II: Reprise

Bogus Charges Against Airpower

Analysis of the Strat Bombing Survey (AF Mag)

Turning Point(s) of WW II?

The Goering Interrogation (AF Mag)

Impact of A-Bombs on Role of Air Power (1946)

Evaluation of A-Bomb as a Mil Weapon (1947)
• Original Document • Printable PDF

Japan Remembers Kamikazes (Atlantic, Mar 2001)

Fratricide in WW II (Europe)

Post-War Occupations

Allied-Occupied Germany

Operation Paperclip (German scientist recovery)
• More

Oprn Lusty (German aircraft recovery) • More
• Oprn Lusty & Freeman Field IN
• Video • Video • Video

Lessons From the Occupation of Germany

Post-War Photos (1945-47)

Legacies of World War II

Lessons From the Greatest War ****

Legacies of WW II (BBC)

War Crime Trial Locations (map)

Nuremberg Trials

War Crimes: American Prosecutions • More
• War Crimes trials documents

Pondering Hitler's Legacy (Stratfor)

der Spiegel Articles on WW II • More

WW II Origins of American Unease (Stratfor)

The Cold War (internal)

A-Bomb Decision Controversy (viewpoints)
   • Ethical Debates: Pro & Con • More
   • Consequences of Decision
   • Historiography of A-Bomb Decision

Effects of A-bomb Missions

Hiroshima: Was It Necessary? • Summary
• Notes • Debate

If A-bomb Had Not Been Used (Atlantic, Dec 46)

Why DId We Drop the Bomb? (Time, Apr 05)

Why We Did Not Demonstrate the Bomb First

Why We Had to Drop the Bomb

Why Truman Dropped Bomb • More

The Decision to Drop the Bomb (essay)

A-Bomb Decision: Conflicting VIews

Decision: False Pretense?

Soviet Declaration Caused Surrender

Bombing & Decision to Surrender (Time)

Invasion: Alternative to A-Bomb?

A-Bombings Reconsidered (Foreign Affairs, 1995)

Debating the Morality of Hiroshima (Stratfor)

Regrets But No Apology for A-bombs (May16)

Post-WW II World Order (1942 map #44)

The World At War (Versailles to Cold War)

Military Operations - WWII & beyond

Return to Top

Return to Top

Cold War

Cold War Overview (Wikipedia)
• Origins of the Cold War
• 1947-1953 • 1953-1962 • 1962-1991

The Cold War: A Brief History^4*

History of Cold War (ACSC Paper)

Cold War Documents • More

The Air Force & the Cold War (pdf)

Cold War Overview video (History.com)

America in the Cold War (Truman => Kennedy)

Cold War Portals
   • Wikipedia • Events
   • CNN Perspective
   • Atomic Archive
      • Brief History of Cold War
   • Readers Companion: Cold War
   • CW Intr'l History Project (documents)
   • Global Security (slow)
   • vce.com (overview)
   • Cold War Media Portal
   • Cold War Museum
   • National Museum of the USAF • Aircraft
   • Miami Valley Military History Museum

Cold War Timelines
   • Timelines.com
      • Containment Battles & Confrontations
   • Wikipedia • Events
   • CNN Interactive
   • Timeline.info (cached: slow) • By Decade
   • Villanova
   • 1960's
   • Union County College (political)
   • University of Washington
   • US Military Liaison Mission to GSFG
   • US Department of State
   • USAF Cold War Chronology (pdf)
   • RAF Museum, Cold War Exhibit

Origins of the Cold War (The History Guide)

Origins of Cold War (BBC) • More

Churchill: "Iron Curtain" speech (text)
• Video Clip

Yalta: Beginning of Cold War?
   • The Agreement • More (internal)
   • The Muddled Legend of Yalta
  • Yalta in Retrospect

Sources of Soviet Conduct (Kennan, '47)
• The Long Telegram and X Article
• George F. Kennan

"Who 'Lost' China? (1949-50)

The Cold War (Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy)

History of the Cold War Revisited (c 1998)

AWC Cold War Links

Cold War Ops (thru '89)

Cold War, Hot Bomb (history)

FAS Security Links

National Security Archives Online

Nuclear Arms Resources

Eisenhower & Cold War (timeline, outline)

Defense Highways

Nuclear Alert (October 1969)

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (internal)

Cold War Heartland Journey
   • Trinity Test Site
   • Los Alamos
   • Nevada Test Site

Captured & Transferred Aircraft

USSR Copies B-29

MiG Photos

MiG-21 Program Overview

Cold War Shootdowns

Cold War POW/MIA Resources

Cold War MIA Working Group

Kama River Truck Factory

Book: Best Enemy

Revelations From Soviet Archives

Preemptive Counter-Proliferation

US Liaison Mission to GSFG

Cold War Strategy

Containment • Wikipedia

Strategies of Containment (review)

Cold War Pacific Maritime Containment (Stratfor)

Sources of Soviet Conduct (Kennan, '47)
• Commentary

Containment Primer

Containment: Greece to Vietnam (JSTOR)

Truman Doctrine
• Documents • Speech (video)

Marshall Plan
   • Harvard Speech (June 5, 1947) • Video • Audio
   • USAID Portal • More
   • 50th Anniversary of Plan (Library of Congress)
   • Documents (Truman Library) • More
   • Marshall Plan: Catalyst to Cold War?

Nuclear Weapons & Strategy: History

US Nuclear Matters Handbook
   • Nuclear Deterrence - U.S. Policy and Strategy
   • Evolution of the Nuclear Deterrent - A History
   • U.S. Nuclear Forces and Weapons

US Nuclear Strategies (Wikipedia)
   • Deterrence Theory
   • Massive Retaliation
   • Counterforce • Countervalue
   • Flexible Response

Nuclear Vault Project (National Security Archive)

Strategy in the Age of Nuclear Weapons

On Thermonuclear War (Herman Kahn) • Index

Counterforce vs. Countervalue (AF mag)
• US Nuclear Target List (c 1959)

US Nuclear Strategy

National Security Strategy (UCSD)

History of US Nuclear Policy
   • Source: Can Deterence Last?
   • Intelligence & War Gaming
   • Background on the USSR
   • Containment Strategy
   • Sword & Shield (1945-1950)
   • Nuclear War, Nuclear Deterrence
   • New Look (1953-1960) • More (pdf)
   • Flexible Response (1961-1968)

Robert Strausz-Hupé on the Cold War

US Cold War Strategy (Truman-Reagan)

Early US Nuclear Strategy (early post-WW II)

US Nuclear Strategy 1945-1995

Strategic Thought in America, 1952-66 • Alt

U.S. Vulnerability to Nuclear Attack Through '70s
• Cold War Threat Anaylsis

Development of Nuclear Strategy (Brodie)

Evolution of Nuc Strategy: Triad to Dyad

Nuc Strategies, Doctrines, Concepts • More
• Nuclear Doctrine By Country • US DoD

Nuclear Strategy & Targeting Doctrine • pdf

Primer: US Nuc Strategy (pdf)

NSC 68: Objectives & Programs for National Security (1950)
   • Original document • Alt
   • "Blueprint for Cold War Defense" (AF Mag)
   • NSC-68: Forging the Strategy of Containment (NDU, e-book)

Origins of US Strategic Airpower (1948-1962)

The Air Force and the Cold War (AFA, pdf)

Rise of US Nuclear Primacy (Triad history, pdf)

Massive Retaliation • Background
• Dulles on Massive Retaliation

Origins of Massive Retaliation (1981)

The Rise and Fall of Massive Retaliation
• Source: Eisenhower & Thermonuclear War

Massive Retaliation Revised (1974, JSTOR)

Full Nuclear Response Option

Project Solarium (containment review, '53)

NSC 162/2 (result of Solarium)

Eisenhower's Strategy (book review) • More

Eisenhower on Deterrence

Eisenhower: Strategic Genius? (JSTOR, 1979)

Eisenhower and National Insecurity (1989)

Presidential Directives & Executive Orders

Nuc Strategy: A Theory of Victory (Colin Gray)

Strat Forces Rationale - Lost Discipline?

Selection & Use of Strategic Air Bases (1954)

Nuclear Triad Operations (Time, 1985)

Finite Containment & US Grand Strategy

Civil Defense in Nuclear Strategy

Kennedy & Flexible Response

McNamara: Counterforce Doctrine ('62)

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD, Wikipedia)
• The Making of MAD
• McNamara: Mutual Destruction (1967)

In the Shadow of MAD (AF Mag ****) • pdf

Protracted Nuclear War (AF Mag) • pdf

US Cold War Nuclear Target List (c 1959)
• Update • Analysis (NY Times)

SIOP • More • Details • Critique
• Creation of SIOP-62 • More
• SIOP-62 Briefing to JFK •Alt

Weapons Doctrine & SIOP-62 (Google book)

Nixon Adminitration Review of SIOP (1969)

Protracted Nuclear War (1980's) • pdf
• Civil Defense For Surviving Protracted War

Reagan's SIOP Briefing (1982)

SIOP-6 (1983)

SIOP: Triad to Dyad

SIOP => OPLAN 8044 (2003)
• Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP)

Nuclear Weapons Still Relevant? (c 2014)

Emergency Action Message
   • Nuclear Football • More • Biscuits & Cookies
   • Nuclear Launch Authorization Process
   • Permissive Action Link • More

DEFCON • More (FAS)

Concerns About C³ Survivability

Airborne Alert • More

Looking Glass • More
• More • More • More • Video

"Countdown to Looking Glass" (video)

Continuity of Operations • History
   • Implementation • Post-Attack C²
   • Documentary (overly dramatic but fact-based)
   • E-4 Advanced Airborne Command Post
      • Details • Video • Other COO Aircraft

Continuity of Government (COG) • More
   • COG Readiness Condition (COGCON)
   • Current Policy (NSPD 51) • Implementation Plan
   •US Plan (2018) • DoD Plan (c 1995)
   • Aircarft Support for COG

Federal Relocation Arc
• Government Relocation Plan (Foreign Policy, analysis)
• Helicopter Support for Government Relocation

Cold War Command & Control ( C²) Facilities
   • Early Presidential Emergency Facilities (1950s)
   • PEFs 1960s (reported deoommissioned)
   • Bunkers Beyond the Beltway • More
   • Command & Control (C²) Facilities (updated 2017)
   • Camp David MD (Orange One) • More
   • Raven Rock PA (Site R) • More • Details
   • Project Greek Island (Greenbrier WV) • Virtual Tour
   • More • Map • Details
   • Mt. Weather Emergency Ops Ctr (VA) • More
   • Mount Pony VA (Federal Reserve) • More • More
   • Project Offices (comm sites) • More
   • Cold War Infrastructure   • More

National Emergencies Act • Specific Powers (136)

Nuclear Operations (actual & considered)

Cold War False Alarms • More

Madman Nuclear Alert (Oct 69) • pdf

Overseas Deployment of US Nucs

US Global Delopyments (1950-2005)

Bush 41 Nuc Strategy Changes (1991)

US & USSR (Soviet Archives)

USSR and the UN

Targeting America (Soviet Assessment)

Soviet View of Cold War

Strategic Defense Initiatve Speech (Reagan, Mar 83)

Dr. Strangelove (the movie)
• Trailer • Climax • Finale

Cold War Espionage

Central Intelligence Agency
• CIA Maps & Photo Essays

Cold War Operations (GlobalSecurity)
• Codenames for US Operations & Projects

CIA Studies in Intelligence • Highlights
   • CIA Role in UFO Study
   • Best Map of Moscow
   • Vern Walters

Espionage Against Soviet Fighters
   • Constant Peg • More • Details • Photos
   •"Have Doughnut" (captured MiG-21)
   • Tactical Eval • Technical Eval
   • Results of Tactical Exploitation
   • Other MiGs

Area 51 (Groom Lake) • More • Russia Overflights
   • Janet Airlines
   • Tonapah Test Range AP
   • History • Black Projects • More
   • Area 51's Black Jets (photo essay)

Oprn Ivy Bells (undersea cable tapping)
• More • More • Details
• USS Parche (SSN-683) • More

Russian Presence Near Undersea Cables Worries US (Oct 2015!)

Operation Azorian (Soviet sub recover effort)
• National Security Archives
• More (pdf) • More

Operation Northwoods (false flag ops)

Air Resupply & Comm Service (USAF-CIA)
• More • More

Civil Air Transport • More (detailed history)

The History of Air America (WW II => Vietnam)
• The Aircraft of Air America

Aerial Reconnaissance

Strategic Reconnaissance of USSR (JSTOR)

History of Aerial Reconnaissance (timeline)

Reconnaissance Aircraft (portal)

Reconnaissance Aircraft • More • More

Cold War Reconnaissance (NMUSAF)
• More (1947-62)

Project Nanook (early PR & ELINT)

Early Overflights (AF Mag)
• EB-47 Missions • RAF Overflight (1953) • More

Photo Mapping Portal

Spy Flight Documents

Secret Recon Aircraft Incidents (AF Mag)

U-2 (portal)
• Projects Aquatone and Idealist
• Early photos

U-2 Program Summary • NMUSAF

U-2 Pilot Over Moscow (first mission)

Recon Pilots and Missions

U-2 Incident (1960) • More • Newsreel
• Intel Perspectives

When the U-2 Fell to Earth (AF Mag)

U-2 Incident Documents

U-2 Incident Background • Soviet View

U-2 History • More

U-2 Technical Background

U-2 Operations Over China

Chinese Shootdown of Taiwanese U-2

U-2, Oxcart and SR-71

A-12 & SR-71 (portal) • Another

A-12 Oxcart • More

D-21 Drone • More
• M-21 Mothership

Elint Aircraft (Silent Warriors)

55th Strat Recon Wg (elint)

USAF Cold War Reconnaissance

Ryan Firebee/Lightning Bug Series • More

Key Hole: US Optical Recon Satellites
• KH-7 Gambit • KH-8 Gambit 3 • KH-9 Hexagon

Classified Space Shuttle Missions

Berlin Airlift (June 24, 1948 - May 12, 1949)

Map: Occupied Germany (1945-48) • Berlin Sectors

Berlin Airlift, 1948-49 (Truman Library) • Airlift Map
   • Wikipedia • Background • Newsreel
   • Air Force Magazine (Jun 98)
   • Global Security
   • National Museum of the USAF
   • AF Historical Studies Office • More
   • Operation Vittles (history.net) • More
   • Air & Space Magazine (1998) • 2009
   • Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation
   • Centennial of Flight • More
   • Weapons & Warfare

Berlin Airlift: Strategic Use of Nonlethal Airpower

To Save a City: The Berlin Airlift, 1948-49 • Alt

Heroism & Triumph of Berlin Airlift

Task Force Times cartoons

Lt Gen William H. Tunner (Commander, CTAF)
   • When You Get A Job To Do, Do It (Tunner Biography)
      • Tunner Leadership Action in the Berlin Airlift
   • More • More • More
   • After Action Report on Airlift
   • CATF Operational Procedures
   • Berlin Airlift (excerpt: Tunner, Over the Hump)
      • Pt 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8

Black Friday (August 13, 1948)

Tunner: Berlin Airlift Case Study

Operation Vittles (Army TC)

Rhein-Main AB • Video history

Tempelhof Airport (history) • Berlin Airlift • Airfield Data
   • Aerial photo (1943) • 1951 map • Aerial Photo (1983)
   • Aerial Photo (2017) • Aerial Graphic (2018)
   • Final Approach to Templehof (image, c 1948) • More
   • Tempelhof Ground Traffic Pattern

"A Narrow Victory: Berlin Blockade" • Fuill Article

The Big Lift **** (near-documentary movie shot in Berlin)

Berlin Airlift Video • More • Documentary
• Air Force Story: Cold War (14:40)

Berlin Airlift (video: American Experience)

Col. Gail Halverson, the Candy Bomber
• Background • Biography (video)
• Gail Halverson interview (2008 video)

"The Power of Hope & Freedom" (Gail Halverson, 2008)
• The Candy Bombers book interview ( video, 2018)
• C-54 in a candy drop mission (photo)

Supply & Maintenance During the Berlin Airlift

C-54 / R5D Skymaster • More • More
• C-74 Globemaster

RAF Contribution to Berlin Airlift
• An Effort of Biblical Proportions - (RAF Airlift) • Alt

Avro Lancastrian (fuel transport)

U.S. Navy in Berlin Airlift • More • More
• Photos & Stories • Aircraft Maintenance (VR-6 & VR-8)
• VR-8 Honors

Cold War Airfields (Germany)

Life in Berlin During the Blockade (der Spiegel)

Aerial Photos, Berlin (Stars & Stripes, Dec 61)
• Nov 67

Bridge at Remagen (S & S Mar 51)

NATO

NATO

Soviet Invasion Scenario

Fulda Gap • Maps • More
• Davy Crockett Missiles In fulda Gap

How West Would Have Won In Europe

U.S. Army Germany, 1945-1989

Space Race

When Sputnik Shocked America

Buran: Soviet Space Shuttle

Lessons from the Cold War

Deterrence: Lessons from the Cold War

Cold War Lessons for Today (2014)
• Video: Overview of U.S. Cold War Strategies

Military Utility of Nuclear Weapons

Political Utility of Nuclear Weapons (1973 War)

Utility of Nuclear Weapons (Pro/Con, Russian)

Nucear Tipping Point (documentary video)
• Colin Powell intro (video)
• Video, Pt. 1

Why USSR REALLY Collapsed

Why no new US strategy after the collapse?

Cold War in Asia

Return to Top

Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Weapons FAQ

Nuclear Weapons Archive

Nuclear Weapons Primer (Global Security)

Atomic Weapon Basics

How Nuclear Weapons Work (video) • Part 2

Thermonuclear Weapon Basics
• Video (plus first test, 1952) • Video (detailed)
• W-88 Thermonuclear Warhead Schematic

Nuclear Weapon Design Principles (w/ graphics)

World Nuclear Weapons List • Yields

Nuclear Blast Calculator • Damage Demo
• Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer

Ground Zero (blast effects on any location)
• Discussion

U. S. Nuc Weapon Designations
   • US Nuc Weapons & Photos • More
   • Nuclear Weapon System Photos (Brookings)
   • Chart w/ bomb profiles

Nuc Weapons Background (Dan's History)

B-61 Gravity Weapon • More
• History & Upgrades • Graphic

Cost of Nuclear Weapons

Statisics on US Nuc Weapons

US Nuclear Enduring Stockpile
• US Nuclear Warheads, 1960-2007 (AF Mag, pdf)
• US Nuc Weapon Stockpile (c 2007)

Overseas Deployments of Nuc Weapons
• More • More

SAC Munitions Maintenance

Nuclear Weapons Security & Safety

Lost Nucs
• Tybee Island Incident (1958)

Nuclear Forces

Nuclear Forces Guide (FAS)

Nuclear Weapons and the US (Wikipedia)

Nuclear Weapons Primer (Global Security)

US Nuclear Forces (FAS e-book)

Nuclear Weapon Archive (portal)
• Another (Brookings Institution)

Cost & Consequences of Nuc Weapons
• Nuc Explosion Fundamental (cached)
• Nuc Test Photos (cached)

Nuclear Weapon Design • More
• Boosted Fission Weapons • More

H-Bomb Development (detailed!)
   • Teller-Ulam Design
   • Stanislaw Ulam & Castle Bravo shot
   • Weapon Components
   • H-Bomb Development (PBS)
   • How H-Bombs Work • Video clip

Race for the Thermonuclear Bomb

Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

A-Bomb Testing (Bikini, Yucca Flats - video)

H-Bomb Test (video)

Chrome Dome Airborne Alert
• More • More • Video

The Perils of Chrome Dome

Broken Arrows & Bent Spears • More • More
   • Global Security • More
   • Terminology • Interactive Map of Incidents
   • Spain Accident (Jan '66) • Photo • Photo
      • Lingering Health Issues
   • Goldsboro NC Accident (Feb '61)
   • Thule Accident (Jan '68)
   • USAF Nuc Transfer Incident (2007)

British Nuclear Forces (internal link)

Soviet Nuclear Forces (internal link)

U.S. Nuclear Forces

US Nuclear Forces Guide • More

US Nuclear Bombers & Weapons

Strategic Air Command • Portal
• History • Text • More • More

Creation of SAC

Strategic Air Command (video, 1 of 5)

Curtis LeMay and SAC

Aircraft of the Cold War US & Soviet)

SAC Bombers

B-36 Peacemaker • In Operation • 3-view
• B-36: Bomber at the Crossroads
• B-36 Controversy

B-47 Stratojet • Details • History
• Video (from "Strategic Air Command") • More

B-52 Stratofortress • Details & History
   • History • More • More • More
   • History (Baugher) • FAS • Century of FLight
   • Images • B-52 Gunners

B-52 and the Importance of Image

B-52 Scramble (video, 7:15)

B-52 Minimum Interval Takeoff (MITO)

B-52 Chrome Dome Missions

B-58 Hustler

B-1 Lancer Role in Cold War Strategy

RBS & Skyspot (AF mag)
• RBS Express (image: rail-mobile system)

Skyradiers & Nukes (LABS)

Toss Bombing • Diagram

Navy Rocket-Assisted Nuc Delivery

SAC Missiles • More • More

How the Air Force Got the ICBM

USAF's Battle Over Ballistic Missiles

US Missles & Rockets

Gallery of Missiles

Rocket & Missile Systems

Atlas series • Atlas (SM-65) • More • Silos

Titan series • Titan I (SM-65A/LGM-25A) • Silos

Titan II (SM-65B/HGM-25C) • Details
• Photos • Photos • Video • Titan Missile Museum

Minuteman (LGM-30) • Details
• MM I • MM II • MM III • Follow-0n Testing (video)

MIRV (w/ photos)

Minuteman Missile Site Details & Coordinates
   • Example: 90th Missile Wing, F. E. Warren AFB, WY
      • 319th Missile Squadron w/ map
      • 320th Missile Squadron w/ map
      • 321st Missile Squadron w/ map
      • 400th Missile Squadron w/ map

Minuteman Missile National Historic Site SD

Airborne Launch Control System

Redstone MRBM (PGM-11)

Pershing MRBM (PGM-31)

Thor IRBM (PGM-17) • More • Details

Jupiter IRBM (PGM-19) • More • Details

US Guided Missile Submarines • FBM Subs

Sub-Launched Ballistic Missile Systems
   • Trident Missile • Details • Video
   • FBM Submarines   • More   • History
     • Ohio-class • Photos

Polaris Missile System & Forward Basing

Live Polaris Test (1962)

Cruise Missiles

How Cruise Missiles Work

Cruise Missile Primer (FAS)

TM-61 Matador

SM-62 Snark

TM-76 Mace

USS Cusk & Loon (V-1) Missile • More
• History

Regulus Missile Subs • Portal
   • USS Tunny (SSG-282, first Regulus sub) • More
   • USS Growler (SSG-577) • More • Patrol areas
   • USS Halibut (SSGN-587) • More

Regulus Missile • More • Subsystems

Regulus II Missile • More • History

British Nuclear Forces

British Cold War History
• UK Nuclear & Chemical Weapons

British Cold War Defense Policy
• British Nuclear Doctrine

UK Nuclear Forces & Weapons • More
• Blue Danube (first UK nuclear bomb)

British Nuclear Weapons

Britain's Cold War Super Weapons

The RAF in the Cold War
   • British V-bomber Force • More
      • Vickers Valient • More
      • Avro Vulcan • More • More
      • Handley Page Victor • More

UK Nuclear Arsenal (c 2001)

Soviet Nuclear Forces

Soviet Military Power (DIA)

Russian/Soviet Nuclear Forces

Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program

Soviet Nuclear Weapons
• Tsar Bomba (largest H-bomb) • More
• Video • Video (more detail)

Soviet Nuclear Test With Live Subjects (1954)

Soviet Command Bunker (Moscow) • More • More

Soviet Bombers (Soviet video) • Cold War Fighters

Ramenskoye: Soviet Flight Test Center • More

Evolution of Soviet Bombers (Soviet video, English)

Tu-4 Bull: Carbon Copy Bomber (AF mag)
• USSR Copies B-29 (Air & Space mag)

Tu-16 Badger • More • Details

Tu-95 Bear • More • More • Video • Video

Tu-160 Blackjack • More

M-4 Bison

Soviet/Russian SLBM Systems

Typhoon Submarine (video)

Soviet/Russian Nuclear Sub Patrols

Tactical Nuclear Forces

Tactical Nuclear Weapons

280mm Atomic Cannon

Davy Crockett • More • More

Cold War Air Defense

Anticipated Target Areas in U.S. (map)

Strategic Air Defense (overview, FAS)

Strategic Air Defense Systems (Global Security)

History of NORAD • Timeline

ADC: The Thin Aluminum Line (scroll)

Sky Shield Exercises ('60s, airspace cleared -- scroll)

Cheyenne Mountain

Air Defense Network (components)

Gound Observer Corps (Oprn Sky Watch) • More

History of US Radar Network • More

DEW Line • History (pdf) • More • Details • Map
• Building DEW Line (video) • More • Thule AB

Mid-Canada Line • More

Pinetree Line • More (pdf)

Arctic Sovereignty and The Cold War

Texas Towers • History • Details • Documentary

Navy Picket Ships

Navy AEW Airships • Alt • ZPG-2W • ZPG-3W

USAF Airborne Early Warning Portal • EC-121

History of Airborne Early Warning (AF Mag) • pdf

Fall of the Warning Stars (AF Mag) • pdf w/images

AEW Barrier Misson Narrative

Air Defense Radar Museum (portal)

US Missle Warning System (c late 1950's vdeo)

US Strategic Defense Missile Systems (e-book)

BOMARC Missile • Details • Images • Video
• McGuire AFB BOMARC Site • Images & Map
• Travis AFB Site

History of Army Air Defense Command

Nike Missile System • Portal • History • More
   • Army pamphlet on Nike system
   • Nike Missile Sites (locations) • Photos (selected)
   • Nike Ajax • Overview • More • Development
      • System Ops
   • Nike Hercules • More • Missile • More
      • Tech Details • More • Ops Details

CONUS Nike Hercules Batteries

"Last Line of Defense" (DoD, NPS)

Air Defense in the Los Angeles Area • Map

Nike Sites, San Francisco
   • All sites in California
   • More (scroll down) • Map
   • History of Site SF-88 (detailed, pdf) • Pt. 2

Nike Missiles Around New York (scroll to p. 10)

Nike Sites in Alaska

Links to other Nike Sites

Restricted Airspace Procedures (post 9/11)

Civil Defense

Civil Defense • More

CONELRAD: Civil Defense Culture

Civil Defense Museum

Cold War Propaganda Films • More
   • Let's Face It (CD awareness video)
   • Duck & Cover Turtle • Updated
   • Duck & Cover Legacy
   • Self Preservation Under Atomic Attack (1950)
   • Survival Under Atomic Attack (1951)

CD: You Duck and I'll Cover

CD Publications & Video

Cold War Survival (Military.com)

Interstate & Defense Highway Act (1956)
   • National Defense Highway System • More • More
   • Interstate Highway System (DOT) • FAQ • More
   • Eisenhower's Role • More
   • Transcontinental Motor Convoy (1919) • Photos

Fallout Shelter Manual (1962) • More • More
• D.C. fallout shelter, 55 years later (2017)

Missile Defense: ABM

Safeguard ABM Site

Missile Defense: "Star Wars"

Missile Defense: NMD

Missile Defense Resources

Why Files: Missile Defense

Soviet Military Forces

Soviet Military Power 1983-89 (DIA)

Soviet Missile Systems

Soviet SAM Sites (photos) • More

Soviet Civil Defense

Use of Soviet Aircraft in US Training

First US Look at a Soviet Jet (Yak-23, 1953)

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis • More
   • Global Security
   • Air Force Magazine (Oct 12)
   • Thirteen Days in October (Squidoo.com)
   • Federation of American Scientists
   • Naval Historical Center • CNO Report
   • Oxford Companion to US Mil History (scroll down)
   • University of Sydney
   • CubanMissileCrisis.org
   • BBC
   • CNN
   • historyofcuba.com
   • American Heritage (JFK & Khrushchev)
   • Atomic Archive (DEFCONs)
   • Air War College (Links)
   • National Security Agency (NSA)
   • National Security Archive • Photos
   • Marxist History

Cuban Missile Crisis (NY Times Topic)

NY Times Stories (contemporary)
• Crisis Summary (3 Nov 62)

Cuban Crisis Chronology • Day-By-Day

Cuban Crisis Documents (Avalon)

CIA Documents on Cuban Crisis

Foreign Relations of the U.S. (1961-63, v XI)
• More documents • More

NSA and the Cuban Missile Crisis (pdf)
• NSA Documents of Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Crisis Documents (Wilson Center)

Missile Crisis Video (PBS, Pt. 1) • Pt 2 • Pt 3 • Pt 4

Cold War: Cuba: 1959-1962 (documentary)

Crisis Deliberations (w/ audio)

John Scali: Go Between in Deliberations

Lessons of Missile Crisis (Cuba & US)
• Soviet view

Searching for Modern Lessons in Missile Crisis

Lessons From Cuban Crisis For Iran Crisis

Lessons From Cuban Crisis For N Korea Crisis

New Evident on Cuban Missile Crisis (c 2007)

Filling Gaps in Cuban Crisis Story (NY Times, 1987)
   • More (NY Times, 14 Oct 87)
   • Kennedy's Men Reminisce (Aug 87)
   • NSA Revelations 40 Years After (NY Times, 13 Oct 02)
   • Taylor Memo: Nuc Combat in Cuba (15 Oct 02)
   • Nuc Warheads Deployed to Cuba in '62 (29 Jan 89)
   • US Misinformation on Cuba (15 Jan 92)
   • Books With Lessons Learned

Cuban Crisis: Myths & Realilties
• "Eyebal-to Eyeball" Myth

International Law in the Cuban Crisis

Cuban Crisis Reconnaissance • More

The Photographic Evidence
• Presenting the Photographic Evidence Abroad
• Dean Acheson tells DeGaulle

Life Magazine (3 Nov 1963)

JFK Speech (22 Oct 1962) • Text only

Stevenson-Zorin Debate (UN, 23 Oct 62) • Video

JFK-Khrushchev Letters

Operation Anadyr (USSR plan)

Khrushchev's View (Soviet Archive)

Soviet Deception in Missile Crisis

The Secret Team (CIA)

Near-Miss With Nuc-Armed Soviet Sub
• Documentary Video

Missile Crisis Lesson Plan

Missile Crisis Decision Simulation

Soviet R-12/SS-4 Sandal MRBM
• More • More

Orders of Battle

Airpower in the Cuban Crisis

SAC Air Crew Reaction to Crisis

Air Strike Option • OB

US Navy in Missile Crisis (e-book)

New Evidence on Crisis

Cuban Crisis in Strategic Perspective

British Response to Crisis

Game Theory and the Missile Crisis

JFK's Finest Hour

Lessons From the Cuban Crisis

Full Retaliatory Response: The Aircew's View

Cold War at Sea

US Navy in Cold War • More

Submarines in the Cold War • Design History

Shadowing Soviet Subs & Ships (photos)

Cold War Struggle With Soviet Subs

Radar Picket Subs

Oprn Frigate Bird: Live Nuc Missile Shot

SOSUS: Undersea Surveillance System

ASW: WWI, WWII, Cold War

Cold War Strategic ASW

Soviet TU-22 Tactics Against USN

Loss of a Soviet Yankee SSBN (1986)

Operation Ivy Bells (cable tapping - internal link)

Cold War Aerial ASW

Post-WWII Airship Operations • More • More

US Interservice Rivalries (1945-1950)

End of the Cold War

Evil Empire Speech (Reagan, 1982)

Mikhail Gorbachev (Wikipedia)

Collapse of Communism (1989)

End of the Cold War (documents)

Collapse of the Soviet Union
• Causes
• Events of August 1991 • More

Why the Wall Fell (James A. Baker)

Lesson Plan: End of Cold War

The Base Force: Transition From Cold War

Historical Analysis of the Cold War

Sputnik in Retrospect

Korean War

The Korean War (Oxford Military Companions)

Reader's Guide to the Korean War • pdf

The Road to North Korea's Attack

American Involvment in the Korean War

The Forgotten War (AF mag: Boyne)

Korean War Overview • More

Situation Maps (USMA Atlas)
   • Battle Maps (CMH)
   • Maps (The Korean War Project)
   • Korean War Maps

Korean War Maps (CMH) • More

Korean War Phases (maps) • Animated

US Army in Korea (CMH series)
   • Phases of the war (monographs)
   • Outbreak
   • Korea: Years of Stalemate (1951-53, CMH)

Korean War History • Timeline
• Week-By-Week

Korean War Analysis

Korean War Casualty Statistics

The Korean War 1950 (multimedia) • 1951-1953
• Unsan & PRC Offensive (Fall 1950)

British Perspective (BBC)

Korea & Limited War (Slantchev)

Strategic Intelligence Mistakes in Korea

Lessons of The Forgotten War (Haig)

Korean War (BBC)

Korean War (UK Public Records Office)

Korean War Overview
• Order of Battle

Korean War Portal • Another

AWC Korean War Links

Korean War Bibliography (Air U)

Korean War Documents • More

Truman's War

MacArthur Controversy

Truman & MacArthur Meeting

MacArthur Firing • Why MacArthur Was Fired

Police Action (AF Mag Editorial)

Ridgeway Takes Over

Chosin Few (IE only)

Korean War Photos

Korean War Resources • More Links

Korean War Project Resources

Annimated Battle Maps (US Naval Inst)

Map: Korean War Phases • Alt

Korean War History
• Weapons • Photos • More • More

The Guns of June 1950 (blunting the invasion)

Intel Mistakes in Korea, 1950

Opening Battles in Korea

Buying Time With Blood (TF Smith)

Inchon (Operation Chromite, Sep 1950)
   • More • More
   • Naval Preparation
  •: Inchon/Seoul (urban ops case study)

Chosin Reservoir

Pork Chop Hill (1953)

Black Regiments in Korea

Korea POW/MIA Resources

Korean War Narratives

Korean War FAQ (Chinese perspective)

Mistakes in Korea (SLA Marshall)

US Mil Logistics in Korea • More

Rise of the Helicopter in the Korean War

Air War

The Air Campaign Over Korea (JFQ, 2001)

The Forgotten War (AF mag: Boyne) • pdf w/ images

USAF in Korean War (NMUSAF => Other Exhibits)
• More (c 2004) • More (c 2006) • More (c 2008)
• USAF Operations, Jun-Nov 1950

The Remembered War

The Air War in Korea (AF Mag, chronology) • pdf

Early Aerial Action (1950)

Aircraft of the Korean War (international & detailed)
• USAF Aircraft of the Korean War

Tactical Use of Strategic Airpower

Problems in Employment of Airpower

Air War Overview (USAF History Office)

B-29's Over Korea (air war overview)

US Air Aces in Korea

Allied Aircraft in Korea (color photos: slow)

USAF Aircraft in Korea (NMUSAF) • More
• More (AF Mag) • pdf (w/ images)

Teething Problems of USAF Jets in Korea

F-86 in Korea • More (Baugher) • HistoryNet
• F-86 vs. MiG-15 (Baugher) • Feature Comparison
• F-86 Development History (Baugher) • More

American Aces of Korea
• James Jabara, MiG Ace • More

Tac Air Reconnaissance in Korea

Bed Check Charlie & Last US Air Causualties

Air War Narratives

B-29 in Korea • More (Baugher)

RAZON Bomb (early smart bomb) • More
• Tarzon Guided Bomb • More • Video

Close Air Support in Korea

Mosquito FACs (NMUSAF)

Mosquito FAC Association • Photos

6147th Tac Con Gp "Mosquitoes"

Korean Air War Photos & Trivia

CIA-AF Ops in Korea

Building Bases in Korea • More

Kunsan AB & tenants

Wright-Pat: R&D Support for Korea
   • AF Fighters in Korea (R&D)
   • AF Bombers in Korea (R&D)
   • Transports & Helicopters

Korean Air War Photos & Factoids

Helicopters in Korea

Soviet AF in Korean War

The Russians of MiG Alley • More

MiGs Over Korea: USSR (profiles)
• China & N Korea

MiG-15 Defection

Soviet Hunt for a Sabre • Pt II

Naval Aviation in Korea

Reality of the Bridges at Toko Ri • More
�Command Decisions• Aircraft Footage from The Bridges at Toko-Ri

Naval Air Narratives From Korea

Panthers v. MiGs

Marine F4Us

Corsair v. MiG-15

Bridges at Toko-Ri: Real Story

Korean War SAR (Navy F4U)

Corsairs to the Rescue (Marine)

Korean War SAR Narrative

Marine Corsairs & Tigercats

F4U War Story: Check Your Load

RN Carriers in Korea & Malaya

F3D Skyknight in Korea

Naval War

US Naval Historical Ctr Resources

Operrations off Inchon

USS Missouri off Korea

Navy Special Ops in Korea

USS Perch & Commando Raiders

Minesweeping in the Korean War
• Narrative
• USS Pirate (AM-25) & Wonson Harbor

Pueblo Crisis (1968)
• Images

Other Post World War II

Ideologies at War

Modern Wars Portal

Britain's Small Wars, 1945-1992

CIA in Tibet

Suez Crisis (1956)

Hungarian Revolution (Fall 1956) • More (w/ documents)

Portuguese AF in Africa (1959-75)

Algerian War (1954-62)

War in Algeria: The French Experience (Mil Review)

Aviation in French Colonial Wars (1946-1965)

Eisenhower: Mil-Indstrl Complex (Jan 1961, full text)
   • Video (17 Jan 1961, excerpts)
   • Full speech (Pt. 1) • Pt. 2
   • Eisenhower's Evolution: Warrior to Warning (video)

Bay of Pigs (Cuba, Apr 61) • More • More • More

Bay of Pigs (Cuban View)

Showdown in Berlin (Fall 61)

Dragon Rouge (Belgian Congo, 1964)

Congo Rescue Ops, 1964-65

Pueblo Incident (1968) • More
• USS Pueblo Portal

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1979) (internal link)

Arab-Israeli Wars

Arab-Israeli Wars • More
   • Arab-Israeli Conflict (overview)
   • Brief History of Modern Mid East Conflicts
   • Portal & Lesson Plans
   • Maps (USMA) • More
   • Timeline (opposing perspectives - PBS) • Alt
      • Another

Israeli Defense Forces History

British Mandate of Palestine

Middle East Web Gateway

War for Independence (1948) • Maps
• More

Lavon Affair (Oprn Suzannah, 1954)

Suez Crisis (1956)

Suez Crisis (Oct 56) • Anthony Edan's role
   • Oprn Kadesh/Musketeer • More
   • Map: Opening Moves • More Maps
   • Background (plus diplomatic audio) • Timeline
   • PalestineFacts.org
   • Orders of Battle
   • The Tripartite Invasion & African Independence
   • British Government Intrigue (video)

Israel's Road to the 1956 War (JSTOR)

Suez Air Ops

Suez War (1956, IDF, cached) • Myths & Facts

November '56: Turning Point in Cold War

Suez & Hungary: Limits of US & Soviet Power

"Over to You" (Harold MacMillan)

Battles for Agu Agelia (1956 & 1967)

Six-Day War (1967)

Six-Day War • Summary • Controversies

Six-Day War, 1967 (Foreign Relations of the US)
• Summary of Issues

Political Background

Origins of the Six-Day War
• Summary Map

History Channel video (45:23)

Six-Day War (Israeli portal)
   • IDF Summary (cached)
   • Jewish Virtual Library (details)
   • American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise
      • Myths & Facts of Six Day War
   • PalestineFacts.org (background)
      • Course of War
   • History Central
   • Six-Day War (NZ)
   • SixDayWar.co.uk • Photos
      • Crucial Quotes: Runup to war

Six Day War Timeline (detailed)
• Day-By-Day (w/ maps; BBC)
• Timeline (chabad.org)

USMA Maps • More • More • More
• Maps (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise)

Operation Focus (strikes against Arab AFs)
   • Details of IAF attacks, 5 Jun 67 (w/ timeline)
   • Summary by IAF Sortie • By Wave • IAF kills
   • Operation Focus video • Pt 2

Attack on Mafraq (RJAF base, 5 Jun) • Alt
   • More • More • ONC G-4 (1:1M)
   • Mission to Mafraq (USAF involvement, narrative)
   • Detail (scroll down to Wave III)
   • RJAFB Mafraq Satellite View (c 2015)

Drive to Sinai (1967)

Soviet Involvement in Six-Day War

Six-Day War: Seeds of Israeli Decline?

Thoughts on the Six-Day War (2017)

USS Liberty Attack
   • US View • Israeli View • Eye-Witness View
   • Eyewitness Account (James Ennes, 2001)
   • "Friendless Fire?" (US Naval Institute, Jun 03)
   • Report: Inquiry Into Attack on USS Liberty (2004)
   • USS Liberty Portal • More • More • Maps • Images
   • Attack on the Liberty (VFW Mag, 2007, pdf)
   • Why Did Israel Attack USS Liberty? (BBC) • More
   • Captain William L. McGonagle, USN, MH • More

War of Attrition, (67-71, IDF, cached)

Battle of Latakia (1972)

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Yom Kippur War (overview) • Summary • Details
• Maps • Timeline • Myths & Facts
• Oil as a weapon: 1973 Oil Crisis

Arab-Israeli War 1973 (overview)

US Crisis Management (internal)

IDF Summary (cached)

Egyptian Review of Yom Kippur War

Maps: Golan Heights Campaign (USMA)
• Sinai Campaign: Egyptian Offensive
• Israeli Counterattack (Operation Gazelle)

Bar Lev Line • Details

Breeching the Bar Lev Line
• Video: Bar Lev Line Yom Kippur War (8:01)

Crossing the Suez Canal (e-book)

Battle for the Golan Heights

Counterattack at Chinese Farm

Impact (Israeli Opinion)

Suez (1973 - case study)

Overreliance on Technology (case study)

SA-6 Gainful SAM

AT-3 Sagger Anti-Tank Missile
• Sagger in Sinai (image & tactics) • Video

F-4: Essential Aircraft in '73 Air War

Crisis & War, 1973 (Foreign Relations of US)
   • Index • Documents • Alternate (pdf)
   • DOS Documents: US & Portugal (1973-1976)
   • Timeline of Key US Policy Decisions

October War & US Policy **** (documents)
• Airlifts, Battlefield Stalements, Oil Threats

Kissinger and the Yom Kippur War

Yom Kippur War Decisions (6 Oct 73 - 12 Oct 73)
• 13 Oct 73 - 25 Oct 73

Decision to Resupply (6-13 Oct 73) • Source
• More • More
• JCS and the Yom Kippur War (Ch. 10, p 167)

DOS to Embassy, Lisbon: Re: Lajes Access (12 Oct 73)
• US contingency for Lajes Field • Source (1975)

Portugal: US Lajes Use Threat to Oil Supply (Apr 75)

Operation Nickel Grass (Oct-Nov 73)
   • Operation Nickel Grass (Boyne, AF Mag, 1973)
   • Yom Kippur Airlift (Correll, AF Mag, 2016) • w/ images
   • Arms Shipments to Israel (DOS memo, 15 Oct 73)
   • Report to Congress on Operation Nickel Grass (GAO)
      • Lessons Learned • Recommendations
   • Nickel Grass: Strategic Use of Nonlethal Airpower
   • Global Security • More
   • Air Mobility Command Museum
   • Airlift In Support of National Policy

The Airlift That Saved Israel (Boyne, e- book) • Alt

Lajes Field in Nickel Grass

How Nixon Saved Israel

The Albatross of Decisive Victory

Israel's Nuclear Decision
• Israel's Nuclear Weapons

Over Reliance on Technology in Yom Kippur War

Soviet Policy in the October War

Soviet Naval Activity in '73 War

Entebbe Raid (4 July 1976, IDF) • More • More
• Operation Thunderbolt (Entebbe Raid details)
• Digital recreation • Documentary

Attack on Osirak Nuclear Reactor (June 7, 1981)
   • Operation Opera (Wikipedia) • More (AF Mag)
   • History Channel Video (44:44)
   • Gun camera film (2:02, with notes) • More (1:30)

Bakaa Valley War (June 1982) • pdf w/ images
• Bakaa Valley Air Battle • More (scroll down)

Israeli-Lebanan War (July 2006)

Israel-Hezbollah War-Lessons (Cordesman, pdf)

Israeli Attack on Syrian Nuc Facility (Sep 07)

The Halfway War: Israel & Gaza (2008-9)

Iran Hostage Crisis

Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-80)

Operation Eagle Claw (Iran, Apr 1980)
   • More (Wikipedia) • More
   • Rescue Mission Report
   • Survivor Interviews (Airman)
   • Implications • Lessons Learned
   • Case Study • More

Desert One Debacle (Apr 80) • Print article

Desert One (AF mag)

Operation Eagle Claw (detailed analysis)
• More • Weapons & Tactics
• Mission Execution • Pt 2 • Lessons

Operation Eagle Claw (1980)
• More • More • More
• Credible Sport (special C-130s) • Video

Operation Urgent Fury (Grenada, 1983)
• Details

Operation El Dorado Canyon (1986)

Attack on USS Stark (May 1987)

Operation Just Cause (Panama, 1989) • More
• Paitilla Airfield

Battle of Mogadishu (1993)

Return to Top

Vietnam
Expanded Vietnam Resources
Vietnam War Bibliography

Vietnam War (overview essay)
• Additional Readings

America in Vietnam **** (Guilmartin, e-book)

Vietnam War, 1954-1975 (Slantchev)

History of Vietnam War 101

Victory Lost or Unwinnable War? (ppt, FPRI)
• HTML

Vietnam War (brief history, PBS)

Vietnam War (c³)

Vietnam War Maps (USMA)

Vietnam Casualties By Year • More • pdf
• Casualties: Vietnam v. Iraq

Vietnam Studies (Army Ctr for Mil History)

Vietnam War History (AF Museum)

Vietnam War History (FAS)

America, the Vietnam War, and the World (e-book)

Limited War: Vietnam in Perspective (e-book)

War in SEA (AFROTC)

Vietnam Center & Archive (Texas Tech) • Search

Vietnam War Maps

US Naval Historical Ctr Resources

Vietnam Terms (dictionary)

Vietnam Portal (eHistory) • Another

Sen. J F Kennedy on War in Indochina (1954)

About.com: Vietnam
• Battles & Operations

Logistics in Vietnam (CMH)

Impact of Mining Hiaphong (May 72)

Vietnam Portal (Retrospective)

Vietnam Internet Project

Vietnam War as History

General Vo Nguyen Giap

Dien Bien Phu

Sounds of Vietnam

Songs of Vietnam Era

Vietnam Propaganda Films

Tet Offenisve (links)
   • Wikipedia
   • Vets With A Mission • BBC
   • Battles That Changed History: Tet
   • Tet map (USMA) • More

Battle of Hué (links)

Escalating the War: Tet 1968

The Fall of Vietnam (links)

Images (Kurt Rolfes)

MPC (script)

Home Front Vietnam (PBS transcript)

Critical Photos in the War

Public Opinion Polls • More Stats

History of the Draft (internal link)

Anti-War Movement

Cronkite: "Mired in Stalemate"

Tet Offensive and the US Home Front

Opposition to the War

Analogies: Am Revolution & Vietnam War

Air Operations - Vietnam

Role of Airpower in Vietnam War

Air Ops Web Site

USAF in SEA (AF Museum)

USAF in SEA (Timeline)

Strategic Bombing Debate: WW II & Vietnam

The In-Country Air War

SEA Close Air Support

SEA Air Combat Msn

SEA Air-to-Air

SEA POW/MIA Resources

Lessons Learned

Vietnam War: Lessons Learned

Lessons of Vietnam (Newsweek 7 Nov 09)

People's War in Vietnam

Reflections on Vietnam (Proceedings, May 05)

Vietnam: The Debate Goes On

In Retrospect (McNamara, e-book)

Thoughts on In Retrospect (CIA)

McNamara: Too Late to Say "Sorry"

McNamara's Mistakes (Z Mag, 1995)

Vietnam: Doctrine, Strategies & Outcomes

Was Vietnam a Mistake?

Lessons of Vietnam (AF Mag)

Lessons of Vietnam (Dereliction of Duty)
• Interview with H. R. McMaster (AF Mag, Jan 98)

Victory Lost or Unwinnable War? (ppt, FPRI)
• HTML

Kissinger on Vietnam (May 75)

CIA Doubts About Vietnam

Distortions of Intellingence

Johnson Decision to "Go Big" (CIA, 1963-65)

OB Controersy & Tet (CIA, 1967-68)

Slow Squeeze: Airpower in Vietnam

Vietnam: Were the Hawks Right?

Could We Have Won? (Jeff Record)

We Could Have Won!

What We Should Have Done (DuPuy, pdf)

Case For Vietnam (Rostow, '96)

Lessons of Vietnam (interview)

The Use of Military Force (article)

Intelligent & Vietnam (DoS TS Study)

Vietnam in Perspective (strategy, ROE)

Rolling Thunder: Lessons For Today

From Vietnam to Desert Storm (AF Mag)
• DS: The Right Lessons from Vietnam

Easter Offensive Lessons For Gulf War

Vietnam and the Failure of Containment

Vietnam: Lessons Learned (USMC CSC)

Analogies: Am Revolution & Vietnam War

Ten Lessons From Vietnam War

Lessons from Vietnam - Tet Plus 30

Examining the Myths of the Vietnam War

Lessons of Vietnam & Soviet Foreign Policy (JSTOR)

Doctrines, Strategies and Outcomes of the Vietnam War (JSTOR)

Lessons From Vietnam (Melvin Laird, Nov 05) • Alt

Mayaguez Incident (May 1975 - Guilmartin)
• More (Wikipedia) • More (AF Mag)

Iran Hostage Rescue Mission

Operation Eagle Claw (Iran, Apr 1980)
   • More (Wikipedia)
   • Survivor Interviews (Airman)
   • Implications • Lessons Learned

Desert One Debacle (Apr 80)
• Print article

Operation Eagle Claw (detailed)
• Weapons & Tactics
• Mission Execution • Pt 2 • Lessons

Falkland War (1982)

Falkland Islands Background • Timeline

Capture of South Georgia Island (3 Apr 82)
• Re-caputre of S Georgia Island (25 Apr 82) • Video

Falkland War (Wikipedia)
• Argentine Invasion (Operation Azul, 2 Apr 82)
• Battle of Goose Green • Detailed Analysis

Falkland War (Britain's Small Wars)
   • Sea War
   • Air War • More • Black Buck Missions (internal)
   • Land Battles
   • Air-Sea Battles, 25 May 82: Argentine View
   • Exocet Missile Attacks (Zampini)
   • SAS Operations • Documentary

Battlefield Falklands (BBC video)

War in the Falklands (video) • 2 • 3

Falklands Newsreels • 2 • 4 • 7

Falklands War Maps • Deployment
• Op Summary • Stanley Assault

Battle Axis of the Falklands War (e-book)

Falklands Detailed History (naval-history.net)

Falklands War (National Army Museum, UK)

Falklands War Order of Battle

Falklands War Overview (about.com)

Falklands War Portal • More • Photos

Falklands War: 15 Years On

Falklands Air War (RAF)
• Timeline of Battles • More • More
• Lessons • Impact on Doctrine (AF Mag) • pdf

British Aircraft Modification Efforts

Operation Black Buck (Vulcan raids)
• Wikipedia • More • More • More
• Video (docmentary) • Another

Argentine AF (FAA) Site (translated) • Original

Aircraft Carriers in Falklands

Loss of HMS Sheffield
• Exocet Attack on HMS Sheffield
• Exocet Missile

HMS Broadsword in the Falklands

Lessons: Falklands War (Cordesman)

Falklands War Analysis

Lessons of Falklands War (pdf)

Falklands Legacy

Adm. Sir John Woodward (task force cmdr)

Psy Ops in Falklands War

Lessons: 1982 Falklands & Mid-East Wars

Argentine Perspective of Falkland's Conflict

Why Argentina Didn't Win the War

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

Iran-Iraq War • Synopsis • Portal
   • Iraqi Offensives (1980-82)
   • Iraqi Retreats (1982-84)
   • The War of Attrition (1984-87)
   • Tanker War (1984-87) • Alt
     • Lessons Learned • pdf
     • Oprn Earnest Will • More

Iran-Iraq War Video (Modern War series)

Iranian View

Analysis of the Iran-Iraq War (Cordesman)
• Lessons of Iran-Iraq War

International Law Implications

Iran-Iraq War Map

Economic Impact on Tanker Industry

Operation Earnest Will (tanker escort, 1987-88)
• Tanker Bridgeton Incident • Iranian Mine Laying

Attack on USS Stark (1987)

Mining of Samuel B. Roberts (1988)

Oprn Praying Mantis (retaliation for mining, 1988)
• Video clip

Iran-Iraq War Lessons Learned (Cordesman, 1990)

Operatiom El Dorado Canyon (Lybia, April 1986)
• Mission Narrative

Kosovo War 1998-1999

Kosovo War

International Law and Kosovo

9/11 Attacks & Response

Who was in charge during the attack? (Newsweek)

Cyberwarfare

Cyberwar (NY Times)

Space Warfare

Anti-Satelitte Demonstrtion (1985)

Strategy Resources

Stratfor Forecasting (Stratfor)

US Army Strategic Studies Institute

Center for Strategic & International Studies (CISS)

The American Enterprise Institute

War at the Millennium

Reflections on the Future of War (van Creveld)

War Is Going Out of Style (NY Times, Dec 11)

Beyond the Post-Cold War World (Stratfor)

Patterns of War Since the 18th Century (e-book)

New American Way of War (Jeff Record, 2002)

The New American Way of War (Max Boot, 2003))

Top 100 Rules: New American Way of War
• Original (US Naval Institute - registration req'd)
• pdf (Transformation Trends newsletter, 13 Jan 03)

American Way of War circa Apr '03 (National Review)

American Way of War (AWC bibliography)

American Way of War: Strategy, Ops, Tactics

American Way of War (audio)

The American Way of War (Barnett, Jan 03)

Conversations With History (Barnett, Mar 05)

The Pentagon's New Map (Barnett, 2003)
   • Details • Briefing (video, 2007)
   • Detailed Briefing (1 of 13, 2007)
   • Detailed Briefing (1 of 3, 2006)
   • Review & Critique

Blueprint for Action • Preface

Winning Wars (2005)

The New American Militarism (Google book)

William S. Lind Archive • More

US Spoiling Attack (Stratfor, George Friedman)

Gulf War & Afghanistan: New American Way of War

Effects-Based Operations (Deptula, pdf)

Effects-Based Operations

The Assault on Effects-Based Operations • pdf

Cognitive / Command & Control Warfare (C2W)

Urban Operations (Army FM 3-06, 2003)

Threat Categories: Traditional v. Irregular (Mar 06)

The Home Front & War in the 20th Century

Managing Complex Contingency Ops (PDD 56, 1997)
• Abstract

Iran War Game (Atlantic, Dec 04)
• Update (May 06)

North Korea: The War Game (Atlantic, Aug 05)

Military Power of China (PRC) (DoD)

"Natural Security:" Wars Over Resources

Strategy of Containment in the War on Terror

Whither Victory in the War on Terror? (Mar 07)

Interagency Process for Long War (Jul 06)

No Easy Wars for 21st Century • Comment

American Grand Strategy in a Changing World

Reforming US Drone Strike Policy

America in the 21st Century

The Next 100 Years (George Friedman)
• "Introduction to the American Age"

The Next Decade (George Friedman, 2011) • Alt

George Friedman on Geopolitics (portal)

Superpower No More? (AF Mag, Jul 11)

Grand Strategy of American Empire (2002)

Myths, Realities of US Empire

The Empire in 2005 (prediction, Dec 04)

Intervention Should Not Be US Policy (SSQ)

Renaissance of Powell Docrtrine? (SSQ)

The Real World Order (Stratfor, Aug 08)

The State of the World: A Framework (Stratfor)

Explaining U.S. Strategy (Stratfor, 28 Feb 12)

Big Bets, Black Swans: Foreign Policy Challenges (2013)
• Overview

The Coming Age of Preventive War (review, 2009)

America's Addiction to War (2018)

Return to Top

Iraq Wars
Bibliography of the Iraq Wars
• US Army CMH • USAMHI

Desert Storm (1990=1991)

Desert Storm Overview (Wikipedia)
• Summary • Map

Conduct of the Gulf War: Final Report to Congress
• Overview
• Air Campaign • Maritime Campaign • Ground Campaign

Desert Storm: 30 Years Later (Mitchell Institute)

Desert Storm's Unheeded Lessons (AF Mag, 2020)

Summary of the War (Day-by-day: comprehensive)
• Operation Desert Shield
• Desert Storm (AF Mag, 2010) • Text

Gulf War Resources (Air Univ.)

US Policy - Prelude to War

Saddam Hussein Background

Descision-Making in Baghdad (case study)

Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (eyewitness)

Gulf War (PBS Frontline)
   • Oral Histories
     • Decision Makers (Powell, Cheney)
     • Commanders

The Media in the Gulf War (portal)
• Dissenting Views

Services' Use of Histories to Shape Perceptions

Desert Shield to Desert Storm (GoogleBooks)

Gulf War Video Clips

Gulf War Timeline (detailed) • More • More
   • Chronology (AF Mag) • More (BBC) • DoD (w/stats)
   • Desert Storm Week-by-Week
   • War Timeline w/ Links (Washington Post)

Gulf War Digital Timeline

DIA Chronology

Timeline w/ Chem/Bio/Medical Events

The Decision to Fight (AF Mag)

President's Address to Congress (11 Sep 1990)

Sec Council Resolutions (Iraq-Kuwait, 1990) • 1991

Congress Authorizes Use of Force (16 Jan 91)

NSD 54 (16 Jan 1991 - TS strategic objectives)

National Security Archive Documents

CIA Support for Gulf War

Satellite Intelligence in Desert Storm

Schwarzkopf & Desert Storm (case study, pdf)
• Schwarzkopf & the Campaign Strategy (AF Mag)
• Saddam vs. Schwarzkpf (video)

Initial Concept of Ops (Oct 90, map)

Coalition Amphibious Ops
   • Imminent Thunder (deception)
   • Deception in Gulf War (amphib assault option - pdf)
   • Deception Bibliography (Air Univ)

Coaliton Force Contributions (by nation)

Gulf War Maps (PBS) • Ground Ops
   • Whirlwind War (CMH) • Air Univ
   • Iraqi OB (4 Oct 90 - CIA) • Pt. 2 • Pt. 3
   • Iraqi Depositions: Late-Sep 90 • Mid-Feb 91
   • Initial ConOps, Oct 90
   • Invasion (1990) • Liberation (1991)
   • Ground Campaign Map (Wikipedia) • Alt

Iraq Maps • Historical (1682-2004)

Desert Storm Resources (GlobalSecurity)
   • Desert Storm Statistics
   • Desert Shield
   • Imminent Thunder (amphib deception)
   • Desert Sabre (ground operation) • More

Schwartzkopf Briefing (27 Feb 91, excerpt)
• Video (full) • Individual Segments

Run-Up to the War

Desert Shield: Prelude to War (AF Mag) • More

Moving the Force: Desert Storm and Beyond (NDU)
• Moving the Force (US Arrmy History Report FY90-91)

Moving Mountains (Pagpnis, Googlebooks)

Getting to the Desert (Army Ctr for Lessons Learned)

Logistics in Southwest Asia (GAO)

Powerlift - Getting to Desert Storm (Google book)

Theater Transportation in Desert Shield
• Desert Storm

Logistics Infrastructure (map, Dec 1990)

Gulf War & 16 Log Principles

Deployment of the 1st InfDiv (pp. 119-121)

Mobility Performnce & Deficiencies (airlift & sealift)

US Airlift in Desert Storm • Tankers • More

CRAF Perfrmance in Desert Shield

Lajes Field in Desert Storm

Merchant Marine in Gulf War

Air Campaign (Washington Post portal)
   • Operation Instant Thunder (campaign plan)
   • Initial Air Attacks (17 Jan 1991)
   • Baghdad Target Map • Bomb Damage Assessment
   • Collateral Damage Assessment

Air Campaign (Report to Congress) • Alt
• The Air War: Day 1 (video: 21:59)

Evaluation of Air Campaign (GAO, PDF)

Desert Storm (air campaign, AF Mag) • Text

Air Campaign: Analytical Perspective

John Warden & the Air Campaign in Desert Storm

Effects-Based Targeting in Gulf War (Deptula)

Air Power in the Gulf War (Rand)

Gulf War Air Power Survey (USAF e-book, 1993)

On Target: Strategic Air Compaign (e-book) • Review

Command & Control of the Air War

Perspectives: Lt Gen Chuck Horner • Oral History

Brig Gen Buster Glosson (oral history)

JTF Proven Force (AF; cached)

TF Normandy (Apache Attack, AF Mag)
• More • TF Normandy First Person

Opening F-117 Strikes (AF Mag)
• Map of Opening Air Attacks

B-52s & ALCMs from U.S.

Blackout Bombs - Gulf Wars I & II
• Blackout Bombs (background, FAS)

Use of Smart Munitions • More

Tank Plinking • Killer Scouts

Gulf War Target Imagery

Gulf War Aircraft Photos

Combat SAR in Desert Storm (Whitcomb) • Alt

U.S. Army in Desert Storm

Whirlwind War (online book)
• Background to War
• One Hundred Hours

The War in the Persian Gulf (Army Report)

Certain Victory (US Army in Gulf War)

Third Army in Desert Storm (e-book)

Air Assault in Gulf (online book)

Winning in the Desert (Amry Ctr, Lessons Learned)

Operation Desert Sabre (e-book extract)
• GlobalSecurity.org

Artillery Prep (24 February 1991)

101st ABDiv in Desert Storm

Battle of Khafji • More (AF Mag)
• Bibliography (Air Univ) • More

Marine Mine Field Assault
   • More (HistoryNet.com)
   • Minefield Breaching & Chemical Weapons
   • Details • Map: 1st MarDiv • Map: 2nd MarDiv

Battle of 73 Easting (26 Feb 91) • More • More
• 73 Easting Narrative

McCaffery & Battle of Rumaila (2 Mar 91) • More

USMC in Desert Storm
• Marine AO Map
• Highlights & Stats

U. S. Navy in Desert Storm
   • Role of the Navy
   • Buildup of US Forces
   • Joint & Multinational Operations
   • Logisitcs Ops
   • Naval Operations
   • Navy Lessons Learned

Impact of Iraqi Naval Mines

Mine Warfare in the Gulf War

British Forces in Gulf War
   • Persian Gulf War (regiments.org)
   • British Army in Gulf War
   • Operation Grandy (RAF)

French Forces in Gulf War (Oprn Dauget)

Scuds in Gulf War
   • Scud Backgrnd (FAS) • More (Wikipedia)
   • Scud Range & Performance • Scuds & IRFNA
   • Scud Chronology Gulf War
   • Scuds Against Al Jubayl? (Proceedings, registration req'd)
      • Cached
   • Patriot Missile v. Scud • pdf

Countering Scuds

Scud Hunting (ground)

Lessons From the Gulf War (Cordesman)
   • Chap 1: Analyzing the Lessons
   • Chap 12: Strategic Lessons (pdf)
   • Chap 10: Naval And Amphibious Forces

Lessons of the Gulf War (Retired Officer, Feb '01)

Lessons From Gulf War (HASC, 1992) • Alt

Lessons From Gulf War (MSNBC, 2003)

Lessons Learned (Warfighter's Encyclodedia)

From Vietnam to the Gulf (Lessons)

Vietnam War Lessons For Gulf War

Should We Have Gone On?

Why We Did Not Go to Baghdad

Cheney Defends Decision to Stop (1992) • More

WMD Lessons (Scuds, ABC Weapons)

Analysis of the Gulf War

Eagle in the Desert: Looking Back on Gulf War (Google book)

Revisiting the Gulf War (Summers) • pdf

How the War Was Won (Dupuy, 1991)

Myths of the Gulf War: Lessons Not to Learn

What Gulf War Tells About Future of Conflict

Impact of Technology & Training on Gulf War

Realities of Opposed Amphibious Assault

Gulf War Served National Interest (Atlantic, Jul91)

Gulf War Was Not in National Interest (Atlantic, Jul91)

Lessons NOT Learned From Gulf War (AF Mag)

Desert Storm: The Soviet View

Gulf War Syndrome

Gulf War Syndrome (explanation)

Gulf War Illnesses (DoD)
   • Timeline (DoD)
   • Final Report: Gulf War Vet Illnessses
   • Dissenting View • Missing Files

Exposure to Chemical Agents (DoD)
• Use of Chemical Agents in Gulf (CIA)
• Khamisiyah Pit Demolition Maps

Chem Agent Resistive Coatings (CARC)

AF Magazine Articles

Statistics From the Storm (AF Mag)

Gulf War Facts

Gulf War Overview (Iraqi)

Gulf War Archive (Iraqi)

Friendly Fire (statistics)

Friendly Fire in Gulf War (AF Mag, Dec 91)
• Freindly FIre Incident (detailed)

Desert Storm War Stories

The Unseen Gulf War (photo essay)

Armored Vehicles: • M-1 Abrams
• M2/M3 Bradley

Artillery: M-109 Howitzer • Ammo

Operation Desert Fox (missile strikes on Iraq, 1998)

Gulf War II (Iraqi Freedom)

Iraq War (2003-2011)
• Invasion of Iraq (2003)

Bibliography of the Iraq Wars (linked)

Path to War Timeline (1999-2003)

Iraq War Timeline (2003-2011)

Iraqi Insurgency Timeline (2003-2009) • NY Times

Iraq War Portal (NY Times) • PBS

Map: Iraq (1682-2004)

Quotes on Iraq War • More
• Quotations on War: Pre-9/11 (timeline)

The Real Goal in Iraq (Bookman, Sep 2002)

Invasion Plan Years in Making (Floyd, Sep 2002)
• Rebuilding America's Defenses (2000)
• National Security Strategy of the US (17 Sep 2002)

Why US Invaded Iraq (Jeff Record, 2008)

Iraq & Bush Doctrine (Law of War) • Alt
• Rebutal: Donald Kagan

Leap of Faith: Why did US invade Iraq? (review, 2019)

Oil: The Real Reason Behind Iraq War

Iraqi Freedom and American History (AEI, Dec 03)

The Debate to War: WW II and Iraq

Office of Special Plans (domestsic psyops) • More
   • Truth From These Podia (detailed study, Gardiner, 03)
   • Interview w/ Sam Gardiner (Oct 03) • Another
   • Another (Jun 05) • Discussion • More

Chilcot Report: UK Case for War (6 Jul 16)
   • Sir John Chilcot Release Summary (video, 6Jul16)
   • Chilcot Report Background (Guardian)
   • US Perspective (w/ interview with Bush)

Authorization to Use Force Against Iraq (Oct 02)

Timeline of Initial Combat Ops (Cordesman, 4/03)

Struggling to Find a Strategy (Timeline: May 03 - )

Iraq War Project (Brookings Institution)
• Iraq War Statistics

"On Point" (US Army in Oprn Iraqi Freedom)

Iraq Casualties (current) • More
• Casualties: Vietnam v. Iraq

US Iraq Policy: A Realist Approach (Cordesman, 8/04)

Bush Plan for Iraq: A Risk Assessment (Cordesman)

Commentary on War (Galloway)

Articles: Iraq War (Strategy Page)

Battle of An Nasiriyah (Mar 2003)

Until Then ... (Soldier Life in Iraq War)

Use of Incendary Bombs in Iraq • Graphic

Living With Snipers (video)

Psychological Cost of War (NY Times)

Iraq War Equipment (Popular Mechanics
• Weapon Performance Evals (Popular Science)

Network-Centric Warfare in Iraq

Video Clips From Iraq & Afghanistan

Airpower in the Iraq War (GlobalSecurity.org)
• Air Force Historical Studies Office

The War of 9/11 (AFA: airpower in the Long War)

How We Fight (USAF, 2006)

Iraq War Troop Surge (2007)

Results of the Surge (statistics, AF Mag

TACPs in Iraq

Mk 77 Incendiary Bomb • More • More

JDAM Double Tap (photo)

Yamamoto to Al-Zarqawi: Assassination by Air
• Video

C-17 Airdrop (Commander's narratiave)
• Details of drop & logistics

Employment of C-17 in Airdrop • Alt (pdf)

C-17 Missile Strike (9 Dec 2003)

Airdrop Resupply in Iraqi Freedom

Logistics in Gulf War II (initial)
• Fuel Logistics (ongong)
• Logistic Realities of Iraq War (Jul 06)

War Reserve Stocks (Iraq War)

Financial Cost of Iraq War • Details
• CRS Report (Mar 11)

Lessons of Iraq War

Cordesman on Iraq War (CSIS archive)

Strategic Lessons of Iraq & Afghanistan Wars (Cordesman book, Jun 04)

Iraq War Lessons Learned (Cordesman, 2004)

Lessons of Iraq: Grand Strategy & Asymmetric War (03)

Iraq, Grand Strategy & Mil History (Oct 04) • Alt

Iraq & Counterinsurgency Experience (Mar 06)

US Strategies & Tactical Failures in Iraq (Aug 06)

Bush Strategy in Iraq (Feb 07)

Real Goal in Iraq (Bookman, Sep 02) • Alt
• Rebutal: Donald Kagan

Regime Change Discussion (PBS, Aug 02)

Why Bush Prepares for War (Oct 02)

Why Iraq Was Inevitable (2008) • Comment

US Mil Ops in Iraq: Planning, Combat & Occupation (Nov 05) • pdf

Iraq Is the Central Front (Donnelly, AEI, Nov 03)

War Planned From Start (Times, 1 May 05)
• Classified UK PM Memo (23 July 2002)

No End In Sight (trailer)

Iraq & Beyond (documentary)

Into the Abyss (van Creveld, 2004)

Iraq & US Grand Strategy (Stratfor, Aug 10)

We Never Should Have Been There (Pitts, Oct 11)

What Went Wrong (Newsweek, 8 Feb 04)

Why Iraq Will End As Vietnam Did

Mistakes Repeated From Vietnam

Difference Between Vietnam & Iraq

Deaths per Month: Vietnam vs. Iraq

Seeing Baghdad, Thinking Saigon

Iraq After Action Report Surpressed (Feb 08)

Battle Lessons (Jan 05)

Lessons Learned: Modern Urban Combat

Iraq War Lessons Learned (Cordesman, 2004)

Ten Mistakes of the Iraq War

Lessons From the Occupation of Germany

Blind Into Baghdad (Atlantic, Jan-Feb 04)

Why Iraq Was A Mistake (Newbold, 2006) • Print

Planning Disengagement Strategy from Iraq (Oct 05)

Hard Lessons: Iraq Reconstruction Report (2008)
• Occupation Plan Faulted (analysis)

Reconstructing Iraq (Crane & Terrill, SSI, Feb 2003)

Pre-war Planning for Post-war Iraq

Lack of a Post-Combat (Phase IV) Plan

Phase IV Ops: Where Wars Are Won (Crane, 2005)

Planning Themes for Stabilty & Reconstruction Ops

Iraq Reconstruction Experience (report, Dec 08)
• NY Times article, 14 Dec 08

Notifying Next of Kin (photo essay)

Cointerinsurgency: USMC Experience in Iraq

Iraq & Counterinsurgency Experience (Cordesman, 06)

Prewar Intelligence Predicted Insurgency (2004)

The Iraq War (Williamson Murray, review)

Learning COIN: Observations From Iraq (Mil Review)

The War After the War (Counterinsurgency, CSIS)

Numbers Game in Iraq Insurgency (Atlantic, May 06)

Lessons From Iraq War Ten Years Later

Reflections on Iraq War (Stratfor, Dec 11)

Intelligence Failures of Iraq War (video, 1:09:28)

Iraq War Ten Years After (National Security Archive)

Joe Galloway Archive

Iraq Air Blockade (1996-2003)

Operation Northern Watch • More

Legacy of Air Blockade: Northern & Southern Watch
• Rotation of Forces Through Northern Watch
• Northern Watch Operation (crew narrative, 2001)

Operation Southern Watch (1996-2003)

Libyan Civil War (2011)

Libyan Civil War • NATO Intervention
• Map Timeline (begins 16 Feb 2011)

Second Libyian Civil War (2014 - )

Humanitarian/Peacekeeping Ops

Operation Restore Hope (Dec 1992-May 1993)
• US Involvement • Lessons Learned • More

US Army in Somalia, 1992-1994 • Restore Hope

Blackhawk Down (e-book)

Return to Top

Terrorism - Historic Roots

Inventing the Middle East (pdf)

Four Waves of Modern Terrorism

Origins of Al-Qaeda Ideology (NDU) • pdf

Committee to Combat Terror (Nixon '70s)

• AK-47, AR-15: Tools of Modern Terror

Prescience:
Warning of Attack on US Homeland, April 2001 • pdf

Terrorism Timeline • Another (DoD) • More

World Trade Center Bombing (1993)

Khobar Towers (Saudi Arabia, June 1996)

US 1997 War Game Warning (Guardian, Sep 2001)

USS Cole (October 2000)

Terrorism & 9/11 (articles: McGraw-Hill)

9/11 Miniute By Minute (AF Mag) • pdf • Details

Biographies

Muhammad Biography

bin Laden Biography

bin Laden and Son

General Musharraf Bio (Pakistan)

Death of Osama bin Laden (2 May 2011)
   • bin Laden's death: How it happened (BBC, Sep12)
      • Compound (graphic) • Crashed Helicopter
   • More Detail (Aug 11) • More (Oct 12) • More (Nov 12)
   • Controversy: Seymour Hersh Revelations (May 15)
      • BBC Commentary (Jun 15) • More (Oct 15)

bin Laden Compound History (including satellite views)
• Post-Assault Details • More

Confronting Terrorism

Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy
• The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism (Rapoport, 2004)

History of SEAL Tm 6 (NY Times, 7 Jun 15)

The Long War ("War on Terror")

Global War on Terror

War on Terrorism Articles (portal)

"War on Terror:" Wrong Name

Geopolitical Price of the War (Stratfor, 2 Oct 01)
• The Afghan Quagmire (9 Oct 01)
• What's the Strategy in Afghanistan? (15 Oct 01)

The Long War on Terrorism (Carafano,2003)
• Origin of "The Long War"
• The Long War (SourceWatch)

A War Unlike the Cold War (2002)

The Long War Journal

Long War Operational Histories (USACAC)

Understanding the Long War (The Nation, May 09)

World War IV (portal: GlobalSecurity)
• Naming the World Wars

WW IV: What It Means (Sep 04)
• Norman Podhoretz: Author Background

War Against WW IV (Contemporary)

Strategy in the War on Terror

A Nation At War (SSI, 2007) • pdf

US Grand Strategy After 9/11 (SSI, 2005) • pdf

Strategic Challenge in Time of War (SSI, 2004) • pdf

Long War: Grand Strategy, Strategy, Tactics

Defining & Achieving Decisive Victory (Colin Gray)

Office of Strategic Influence (info warfare)
• More • More • More

Confronting Challenge: Cold War v 9/11 (T Friedman)

America at War (CBS, interactive)

Cold War to Holy War

End of Deterrence? (Jul 06)

Terrorism Potential (book excerpt)

Killing top terrorists is not enough

Effectiveness of Leadership Decapitation (Jena Jordan)

Leadership Targeting of Terrorist Groups (Jena Jordan)

The Strategist (blog: US Strategy in War on Terror)

Wars of Blood and Faith (Mike Peters)
• The Shape of Wars to Come

Lessons Encountered: Learning From the Long War

Defining the War

Fundamentalism

Islam • More • Community & Structure
• The Pillars of Islam • Leadership & Clergy

Islamism

Islamic Fundamentalism
• Overview • Issues (Wikipedia)
• Islamic Fundamentalism Since 1945 (e-book, 2005)

Roots of Today's War: Ideology vs. Passion

Current War: Battle for Ideas (Oct 2001)

Global Insurrection Within Islam (2003)

Al-Qaeda Playbook (USMA translation)

US Overextension (Guardian, 2002)

Jane's Analysis, Post-9/11

March to the Brink of Battle

British Plans

The Poster and the Map

Pres. Bush's Address (9/20/01)

Colin Powell Meet the Press (9/23/03)

Background on Al-Qaeda (AEI, Nov 03)

Why Jihad Went Global (2005, book review)

The Evolving Al-Qaeda Threat (Mar 2006)

SE Asia in the War on Terror (Nov 09)

US Orders of Battle

Death of Bin Laden (NY Times Topic)

Impending Collapse of Arab Civilization? (Sep 05)

Winning the War on Terrorism (Cordesman, Sep 06)

9/11 and the Successful War (Stratfor, Sep 11)

War of Unintended Consequences
• Reference Article: Grading War on Terrorism

The Law of War in the War on Terrorism (2014)

The ISIS Threat (NY Times videos)

How Did ISIS Stay in Power So Long? (NY Times, Apr 18)

Afghanistan War

Afghanistan War (Newsweek archives)

Afghan War Background (Foreign Affairs articles)

CIA Factbook: Afghanistan

Afghanistan Maps

Early British Experience in Afghanistan (19th c)

Afghanistan Timeline (1919-1996)

The Afghanistan Wars (1979-1989 & 2001- )

Superpowers Defeated: Afghanistan & Vietnam Compared

The 30-Year War in Afghanistan (Stratfor, Jun 2010)

War Without End (NY Times, Aug 2018)

Afghanistan (Soviet Experience)

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1979-89)
• Documents • Alt

Soviets in Afghanistan (AF Mag) • More
• Hind Helicopter Ops in Afghanistan

Soviet Lessons From Afghanistan
   • NATO Defense College paper • pdf • More
   • Christian Science Monitor
   • Mountain Warfare Lessons
   • More • Alt

Lessons: Soviet-Afghan War (Cordesman)

US Analysis of Soviet War in Afghanistan

Zbigniew Brzezinski on Soviet-Afghan War

Soviet Veteran on Afghanistan

SAS Vet: Comments on Afghanistan

Soviet Experience in Afghanistan

Soviet Victory That Never Was (NY Times, Dec 09)

Operation Cyclone (CIA suuport for mujahideen)
• Rep. Charles Wilson • More • More
• Charlie Wilson's War (Google book)

Soviet Combat Engineers in Afghanistan

Carter Doctrine (1980) • Analysis

Afghanistan War (2001 - 2003)

Operation Enduring Freedom (Global Security)
• More (Wikipedia)

Afghanistan War Portal (NY Times)

Battle of Tora Bora (Dec 2001) • Lessons

Plan to Overthrow Taliban

British Plans

4th Generational Warfare - Afghanistan

Diego Garcia

Guardian Afghanistan Portal
• Military Response in Afghanistan (interactive)

Northern Alliance Army

Afghan Air Force

Air War Lessons of Afghanistan (Cordesman, Dec 02)

The Afghan Air War (AF Mag)

Airpower in Afghanistan • More
• Operation Anaconda • More

New Rules of Engagement (Jul 09)
• Tactical Directive (HQ NATO/ISAF 6 Jul 09)

The War of 9/11 (AFA: Airpower in the Long War)

Afghan War 2001-03 Lessons Learned (Cordesman)

Afghanistan War (2003 - )

NY Times Topics • Newsweek Portal
• RAND Bibliography

At War (NY Times blog)

Parallels: Vietnam & Afghanistan (2002)

Clausewitz "On Afghanistan" (2005)

Winning the War in Afghanistan (Cordesman 08)

Afghan-Pakistan War: Rising Threat (Cordesman 08)

Why We Are Losing in Afghanistan (Cordesman 08)

Pakistan's Double Game in Afghanistan War

US Not Learning Lessons of Soviet Experience
• More

Soviet Experience in Afghanistan (internal link)

Rise of Terrorism in Afghanistan, 2002-2007

How a "Good" War Went Bad (Aug 2007)

President's Strategy Speech (1 Dec 09)

Commentary on USMC COIN Training (Dec 09)

Fighting in the Korengal Valley (c 2009)

Fixing a Failed Strategy in Afghanistan (Nov 09)

Limits of Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan

The 30-Year War in Afghanistan (Stratfor, Jun 10)

Afghanistan & The Long War (Stratfor, Mar 12)

Taliban's High-Tech Urban Strategy (May 12)

How Not to Win a War (Foreign Policy)

Logistics in the Afghan War (Wikipedia)
   • Kyber Pass Logistics & Karachi
   • Afghan War: Logistics Nightmare
   • Getting Logistics Right for the Surge (Dec 09)
   • Supply & Demands: Pakistan & Logistics (May 11)

Vulnerability of NATO Supply Line (2011)

Comb'd Security Transition Cmd-Afghanistan

Afghanistan: Good Enough (Cordesman, May 12)

Afghanistan/Pakistan Portal (Frontline)

Conterinsuregency in Iraq & Afghanistan (2012)

Pakistan

Pakistan's Counterinsurgency Policy (Jul 09)

Why Pakistan Matters (NY Times, 14 Dec 11)

The Ally From Hell (Atlantic, 14 Dec 11)

Security of Pakistani Nuclear Weapons
• More • New Yorker (Nov 09)

Gulf War II (internal)

al-Zarqawi Take-out Strike video

Effectiveness of Decapitalion as Anti-Terrorism Strategy

National Security Strategy

National Security Strategy of US (Feb 2015)
• National Security Strategy (archive, 1987-2015) • 2010
• Analysis • More

National Security Decision Directives (archive)
• Presidential National Security Aides (1932-present)
• National Security Documents (1943-present)

America's National Interests (overview; 2000)
• Report (pdf) • (doc)

US Global Defense Posture, 1783-2011 (RAND)
• Key Findings • Recommendations

National Security Strategy 2002 Commentary

U.S. Grand Strategy (Kaplan: 2012, video)

National Military Strategy of US (Feb 2011, pdf)

Quadrennial Defense Review (2010)

Quadrennial Defense Review Report (2006, pdf)

National Stratgy for Victory in Iraq (Nov 05)

National Military Strategy Studies (SSI)

Guide to National Security Policy & Strategy (2004)

Alternate US Nat Military Strategy (Crane, 2000)

Preemption & American Way of War • Alt • pdf
• Abstract

Thoughts on Preemptive War (AF Mag)

Preventive War: Lessons of History (pdf)

US Military Intervention

War Pretext Incidents, 1848-1989

Strategic Studies Institute (publications)

Modern Strategy: Lessons Learned (Cordesman)

Evolution - US Grand Strategy v. Terror

Geopolitics of the U.S:. The Inevitable Empire
• American Identity and the Threats of Tomorrow

Coming to Terms With American Empire (2015)

US Empire?

US Imperial Vision, circa 2000

Grand Strategy of American Empire (2002)

Myths, Realities of US Empire

The Empire in 2005 (prediction, Dec 04) • Alt

Pros, Cons of Foreign Bases (AF mag, Jun 09)

Reprogramming the Pentagon (SecDef Gates, Dec 08)

It's About Oil (UK, Jan 2003)

Winning the Oil Endgame (e-book)

Presidential Power in the War on Terror

21st c. Terrorism & War (Ga Tech)

Iran Next Target?

Knowing Why Not to Bomb Iran (van Creveld)

Iran: To Strike or Not to Strike?

Iran War Game (Atlantic, Dec 04)
• Update (May 06)

Eqypt & Idealism/Realism Debate

China and the Commons: Angell or Mahan?
• Norman Angell and The Great Illusion

Intervention: US Post Cold War Strategy (e-book)

Project for the New American Century

PNAC (commentary)

Primer on PNAC (May 2003)

PNAC Watch

Neocon Impact on US Iraq Policy

The Smart Power Initiative (CSIS)

New Approach to Strategy & Force Planning (Cordesman, Aug 2003) • More

MOAB (Global Security)

Anthony Cordesman (CSIS papers)

When Democracy Failed (Germany 1933)

Nuclear Revival

Nuclear Weapon Issues (NY Times portal)
• Arms Control & Limitation

Nuclear Posture Review (NPR - 2001)

US Nuclear Programs

Rethinking Nuc Weapons

US Plans for Nuc Weapons (2002)

MiniNuc Revival (BBC, 2003)

The Need for Deterrence (AF mag, Feb 07)
• Defending the Deterrent (AF mag, Jun 09)

America's Strategic Posture (report, May 09)

Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator

FAS Report (illustrations)

B61 Gravity Nuclear Bomb • Photo

Bunker Buster to Go Nuclear (Nov 02)
• Graphic

Low-Yield Earth-Penetrating Nucs

Global Strike Plan w/ Nuc Option (2005)
• More • More

Stability & Reconstruction Operations

Major Theater War Phases

Planning for Stabilty & Reconstlruction Ops

Lessons From the Occupation of Germany

Phase IV Ops: Where Wars Are Won (Crane, 05) • Alt

Getting Serious About Stability (Dec 04)

Planning Themes for Stabilty & Reconstlruction Ops

On Point II: Transaition to New Campaign
• Review (lessons learned: past wars & Iraq)

Reconstructing Iraq (Crane & Terrill, SSI, Feb 2003)

US Mil Ops in Iraq: Planning, Combat & Occupation (Nov 05) • pdf

After Decisive Combat Ops: Then What? (pdf)

Lack of a Post-Combat (Phase IV) Plan in Iraq

Pre-war Planning for Post-war Iraq

Urban Ops in the Information Age

America's Post-WW II Role in Nation Building
• Review

Fourth Generation Warfare (internal)

Return to Top

Teaching History of War What Is Military History? Why Teach Military History? and How? Study & Use of Military History (pdf) History Institute for Teachers (FPRI) • Classroom Lessons From History Institutes • Tools of Statecraft: Diplomacy & War • Summaries of America's Wars, 1622-1919 • Lesson Plan Portal • Summaries of America's Wars, 1920-Present • Lesson Plan Portal History Animated (military history maps) • Am Rev • Civil War • WWII: Pacific Combat Studies Institute Battle Maps (animated) History News Network: Teaching History US Commission on Military History Why Military History Matters (Kagan, 2006) Military History Trail (BBC) Teaching Military History to a Wider Audience Teaching About the US Home Front in WW II Teaching the Vietnam War Teaching the Next Generation About Vietnam Warfare and the Teaching of History Iraq, Grand Strategy & Mil History (Oct 04) • Alt Military History: Still Practicable (pdf) Historical Ops in Contingencies & War (AFI 84-102) History Departments Around the World Military History Databases Guide to Study & Use of Military History • Intro & TOC • Ch. 1 & 2 • Individual Chapters (scroll to "Guide to Study ...") Keegan: A History of Warfare (review) Definitions: • War • Strategy • Military History vs. History of War War (van Creveld) What is War? Character of War (pdf) The Role of War In Our Culture Three Levels of War (pdf) War: Instrument of National Policy (pdf) Human Factors in War (pdf) Do War and Morality Mix? Theory of Just War The Fog of War (Sorting Through History) The Constancy of War (AUSA, pdf) Center of Gravity in War (AUSA, pdf) Geometry of War • Figures Emergence - Modern Naval Warfare Strategic Questions w/o Answers (pdf) Principles of War (Clauseweitz) Principles of War & RMA War as We Knew It (Air U, pdf) Consequences of Modern War • (Post-WWII) • Future Century of Power Projection (AUSA, pdf) Ike Skelton's Reading List • List Weapons Quiz (BBC) • Soldier Quiz • Weapons Through Time • Home Front Quiz Miltary Quotations (internal link) Copyright Resource Standards: • US History • World History • Historical Understanding Formats: • Syllabus • Assignments Writing a Military History Paper Essay Writing Tips (Livingston) What If ... What If France Had Not Fallen in 1940? What If Britain Had Made Peace With Hitler? What If Japan Had Not Attacked Pearl Harbor? Whay If Japan Had Won At Coral Sea? (pdf) What If the British Hadn't Bombed Hamburg? What If July 20 Bomb Plot Had Succeeded? What If the Marines Had Bypassed Iwo Jima? What If Hitler Had Won World War II?	Lesson Plans American History AP Portal • American Revolution • War of 1812 • American Civil War • World War I • World War II • Beginnings of Cold War • Vietnam War (Assignment 2) • End of Cold War (Assignment 2) Social Studies Help Center Teaching With Historic Places (NPS) US History: Outlines & Charts (Feldmeth) Online Lesson Plans (schoolhistory.co.uk) • Interactive History Games • GCSE • A-level National Endowment for the Humanities • All Lesson Plans War & Nat'l Security Strategy (UCSD) • US Foreign Policy • Nat'l Security Strategy • War & Society US Mil History (1607-1914, Grimsley, OSU) • Studies in American Millitary History • World War II US Mil History Since 1898 (Livingston) Sea Power History (NROTC, ppt) War, Peace & Strategy • The Grammar of War • Crisis Management & Coercion • Concepts of On War, Def v. Offense • Ends-Means in Strategy • Morality & War • Nuclear War: Concepts & Theory • Defining An Enemy; Meeting Threats Intro: History of Military Art (NROTC) • V1: Course Overview • V2: Lsn Guides • V3: Lsn Assignments • PowerPoint Slides War in Western Civil (syllabus) • Outline American Revolution (Livingston) War of 1812 (Livingston) Civil War Course (comprehensive) Civil War Course (Grimsley, OSU) Civil War Lesson Plan Civil War Lesson Plans (NPS) Civil War Trivia & Quizes • Battle Quiz People's Century (PBS) • Teacher's Guide WW I (Livingston) WW I Lesson Plan & Essay WW I & WW II (Notre Dame) The War (Ken Burns) WW II (Livingston) WW II Causes (essay & syllabus) WW II Teaching Resources (PBS) WW II Lesson Outline WW II Lesson Standards Battle of the Atlantic (interactive game) Lesson Plan: War in Pacific Decision to Drop the Bomb Race for the SuperBomb Nuclear Wpns & the Modern Age (course; pdf) Age of Containment ('46-'54, Livingston) Cold War ('54-'63, Livingston) Nuclear War Course Syllabi Cold War Lesson Plan • Beyond Cold War • doc Vietnam War ('63-'75, Livingston) US Military History Lesson Plans (NPS) Global History Lesson Plans (NY Times) National Security Strategy (UCSD) Weapons Technology (internal) RMA (internal) Case Studies Jt Military Ops Historical Collection Cold War Case Study Notes (National Archives) Return to Top	The Study of War War Studies Primer • Slide Show of Course WarHistorian.org Reading List in Military History (OSU) • Military Historiography Bibliography Dialogue in Military History (Grimsley) War: What is it good for? (Mount Holyoke) Study & Use of Military History (pdf) Western Way of War (Princeton) Dialogue in Military History (Grimsley, OSU) • Why Military History Matters (pdf) US Military History, 1607-1914 (Grimsley, OSU) College History Departments History Channel Lesson Outlines Teaching History on the Web (resources) War & Rev in Western World (notes) • Images Evolution of War (NROTC, syllabus) Evolution of Warfare (U Ariz NROTC, ppt - 1 of 25) Fasttrack to America's Past Military History and the Military Profession Joe Guilmartin • More • Courses (1997, cached) • Battle of Britain • WW II Syllabus • Workbook • Harnessing Science to War WarHistorian (Mark Grimsley) • Sample Syllabi Steve Schoenherr • US History • World War I Timeline • Ten Steps to War, 1931 to 1941 • More • World War II Timeline • Allied Conferences of WW II John Setear (Univ Va) • Bookmarks • How We Get Into Wars Military History Survey Courses Modern Military History (Clemson) American Mil History (Tn Tech-extensive) American Mil History (Columbia College) US Mil History (Army C&GSC) • Handouts US Mil History Since 1898 (Livingston) US Military History (Florida A&M) Academic American History • Earlier Version The Civil War (online course) Civil War & Reconstruction (N Va CC) American History, 1865-1976 (N Va CC) • Syllabus • WW I • WW II • Cold War Technology in Civil War (lesson plan) Comments on Militarism War, Technology & Society (Wesleyan) War & American Society (MIT) Fr Revolution & Napoleonic Era (MIT) 20th C. Am Mil Experience (Notre Dame) Military & War in America (SHSU course) • Readings • Notes on American Military History 1914-1953 World War II (Sam Houston SU) • Readings World War II: AP Study Guide • More Mil Revolution (Europe, 15th-18th C, SHSU) • Earlier version USMA MIlitary History Offerins (c 2007, last available online) • West Point Atlases (USMA) Origins & History of Cold War Ancient & Medieval Military History Evolution of Warfare (NROTC) AP History Notes, WW II (questions, terms) WW II Study Guide (Encyclopedia Brit) WW II in the Pacific (lesson plan) Normandy Invasion Study Guide Civil War Course (N Va CC) • Lecture Outline, 1860-1862 • Lecture Outline, 1863-1865 Vietnam Wars (Clemson, 2005) US National Security Policy (Rice Univ) Society for Military Historians Modern History Course Moden European History Syllabus • Detailed Outlines • Readings US Wars (outlines, links) Combat Experience in Vn (online course) War & Society (Temple Univ) • Images Writing History • Historiograhic Clues Teach With the Movies The Legacy of War Arlington National Cemetary Legacies of the Vietnam War
History Resources Historiography (Wikipedia) • History of Historiography History Journals Guide History Cooperative History News Network • Features History News Service Weaving History Lectures on 20th Century Europe World History KLMA (encyclopediatic !) History Learning Site History in 5 (world history tutorials) Country Studies (Library of Congress) Power Point Palooza (ppt lessons) History's Largest Lessons History of the Modern World (interactive outlines) Textbook Revolution • Courses Internet Modern History Source Book World History Topics World History Bibliographies World History Compass Encyclopedia of World History • Maps • World War I Modern World History **** (Vern Cleary, interactive) • World War I Modern World History (John Claire) The History Place The History of Europe (e-book) • A Generation of Revolution (1772-1815) • The Age of Industry (1815-1914) • The Iron Storm (1914-1945) European Voyages of Exploration (15th-16th C) History of Modern Europe (1792-1878) The Nature of History (Army C&GSC) History of Europe, 1715-Present (C&GSC) World History Archives History Link 101 AP European Civilization Digital History (American History e-Text) • Revolutionary War • More • War of 1812 • More • More • Civil War • More • America Becomes a World Power • More • World War I • More • World War II • More • Vietnam War • More • Persian Gulf War American History ** (ushistory.org) US History Portal (NPS) US History (by era) About.com -- American History Rate Losers of Presidential Elections (game) The Presidents' Children History of the American West American Experience (PBS) • America 1900 • War & Politics • Technology 50 Key Documents in American History US History Outlines & Charts ** Student's Guide to Study of History Teaching American History • Documents Resources for Historians Multimedia Learning (US history media) Eyewitness to History History Matters (online resources) U. S. History (CliffsNotes) "We Didn't Start the Fire" (1950-1999 - video) Democrary in America (Alexis DeTocqueville) • TOC History of the USA (e-book, 1904) America in Quotations (Google book; WW I p. 175) iChapters (history text previews) The Enduring Vison (lecture slides) • Instructor Notes • Student Resources The American Promise • Chapter Summaries • Maps • Supplements US History: Beginnings to 1914 (HRW) US History: Civil War to the Present (HRW) US History Maps (Fast Track Teaching) Online Map Creation Industrial Revolution (timeline) • Other events Industrial Revolution (superportal) • History Guide • HistoryWiz • Two Views of the Industrial Revolution • Alt • Modern History Sourcebook • Industrial Revolution Statistics History of Engineering & Technology (Calvert) Syllabi for European History Early Modern European History Modern European Intellectual History Twentieth Century European History American History Syllabi Online American History (textbook) Household Encyclopedia of General Info (1881) Dr. James B. Calvert Resources Encyclopedia Britannica (1911) Young Folks' Book of Invention (1925) • From Musket to Machine Gun	Online History Courses War Studies Primer History Hub: Textbooks for American Surveys American History 102: Civil War to Present American History (Academic American) • Colonial Era 1607-1763 • Era of the American Revolution 763-1800 • Jefferson-Jackson Era 1800-1840 • Expansion & Civil War 1840-1865 • Reconstruction & Gilded Age 1865-1900 • America's Rise to World Power 1896-1920 • Background to WW I • America and WW I • Depression and the New Deal • World War II • Overview • American Foreign Policy 1920-1941 • Pt 2 • America in the War • War in the Pacific • War in Europe • Air War & Mobilization • The Home Front • Cold War Era • Topics History of Western Architecture • Roman Architecture Teaching From the Web Evaluating Information Sources (portal) • Another Educator's Guide to Credibility Evaluating Web Resources (UCLA) Evaluating I'net Resources (checklist) • Another Intro to Internet Searching (Crispen) Teaching With Historic Places (NPS) Learning Curve (History, UK archive) Google Earth for Teachers Power Point Palooza (PPT lectures) Teaching On the Web Instructional Strategies for Online Courses Teaching History Why Study History The History Guide (Steven Kreis) • What Is History? • Student's Guide to the Study of History • Reading, Writing and Researching for History Web Resources for Historians Breaking Barriers Between Instructor & Student Document Based Questions (DBQ) • Resources (AHAP) • How to Write A DBQ Essay (ppt) Cartoons for the Classroom Judging Past By Todday's Standards Is Wrong History Book Sources World Military History Books News Sources NPR Transcripts PBS • PBS NewsHour • NewsHour on YouTube NY Times LA Times International Newspapers Slate Newsweek Early Bird ? DefenseLINK (DoD) Air Force On-Line News Return to Top	Aviation History Expanded Aviation History Links Wright Brothers Portal Air & Space Magazine Online Evolution of Modern A/C (NASA book) Evolution of Jet Fighters (Boyne) History of Airfoils Historic Wings Flights Around the World • Lucky Lady II - First Non-stop • B-29 Aerial Refueling • Lucky Lady III - B-52 Airship History • More Zeppelin History Pan Am Flying Boat Clippers Aviation Movie Index AeroWeb (photos & history) Aviation History Online Museum Aircraft Images Northrop Flying Wings • N9M • Glen Edwards & Flying Wing (portal) First Supersonic Flight The X-Planes Bell X-1A Bell X-2 Granville Brothers Site • GB R-1 The Spruce Goose Delta's Ship One (DC-3) Antoine de Saint-Exupery Nuclear Powered A/C NB-36 • More Airpower History US Military Aircraft Designations History of Boeing Airplane Co. • History of North American Aviation • History of McDonnell/Douglas History of the Skunk Works F-22 Design Evolution Warbirds Resource Links History of Military Airlift • Part 2 XB-70 Story XB-70 Development History of Aerial Refueling Probe & Drogue Refueling Narrative Ejection Seats Norden Bombsight B-52's at AMARC Zero Launch Fighters B-36 Story P-51 History Flying the Flying Wing - Edwards Early Jet Development Naval Aviation Journey of NC-4 Early Navy Jets Navy Pogo VTOL Fighters Carrier LSO Today Return to Top